RU2525929C1 - Grain combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: grain combine harvester comprises a header for stripping the spike, an inclined conveyor, a shredder of stems, a drum with grooved surface, a concave, a finger grating, a fan, sieves for cleaning grain, the drum with grooved surface is mounted on a frame and is made rubber-coated, and the concave is made solid. One of the sides of the concave is pivotally attached, and the second is free to change position relative to the drum. The finger grating with a convex surface is mounted behind the drum in the direction of rotation at an angle and is connected to the air duct, inside which a conveyor with scrapers is mounted, and the fan is made with the ability to regulate the air flow and is mounted under the grating to direct the air flow on it.

EFFECT: improvement of quality of grain harvesting and reduction of its energy intensity.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular the production of grain combines.

Existing combine harvesters, despite the fact that they are widely distributed in the agricultural production system, in modern conditions do not fully meet operational requirements. Combines are complex, with an energy-intensive technological process, with high labor costs for maintenance and storage.

Combine harvesters are known for which a combing header is installed instead of a conventional header, the working body of which is a rotating rotor with teeth of a special shape. During the forward movement of the combine, the teeth of the rotating rotor comb the stems of the plants from the bottom up and tear off the ears from the stems. Only ears of corn enter the drum of the combine, and the stems of the plants remain on the field in the vine. The use of a harvester with a comb-type header does not reduce the energy consumption of the technological process. At the same time, high energy costs are required to drive the header rotor and threshing drum, maintenance of the combine remains laborious.

Known harvesting units, the design of which provides for the preliminary cleaning of a pile of carded mass by an air stream of a fan, and the final cleaning of a pile of harvested products from impurities is carried out at stationary points of post-harvest refinement of grain. At the same time, when harvesting bread far removed from stationary points, the use of grain-harvesting units is economically irrational.

In the aggregate of common essential features, technical solution RU No. 2762018 C1, A01D 41/08 was taken as a prototype.

Disadvantages of known devices

1. The technological process of threshing grain is complex in terms of execution structure and the number of technological operations.

2. High energy consumption of the technological process of harvesting grain crops.

3. Loss of grain and crushing of grain over agricultural requirements.

4. High labor costs for maintenance and storage of combine harvesters.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of the technological process of harvesting crops and reducing its energy intensity.

The task is carried out in that the harvester contains sieves for cleaning grain, a drum with a corrugated surface that is mounted on the frame and made rubberized, and the concave is made solid, while one of its sides is pivotally mounted, and the second is free to change position relative to the drum. A finger-type lattice with a convex surface is fixed to the drum in the direction of rotation at an angle and connected to the duct, inside which a conveyor with scrapers is installed, and the fan is made with the possibility of controlling the air flow and is installed under the grill to direct the air flow penetrating it.

Effect: the quality of the technological process of cleaning is increased, and its energy consumption is reduced.

The technical result is achieved through the use of the header for towing the ear and wiping drum lightweight design. At the same time, high energy costs are not required for combing the ears and grinding the combed mass, as with direct combining, they are less. The rubberized design of the drum with a corrugated surface reduces grain damage - crushing it.

At the same time, the process of separating grain from impurities is simplified by using the air flow created by the fan penetrating the finger lattice. In this case, there is no need to use a threshing drum and a straw walker. The convex surface of the finger lattice increases the spread of the stream of carded mass, making it more blown, contributing to better separation of impurities and in a larger volume. The noted positive aspects of the claimed object allow to obtain the economic effect of the implementation and find widespread practical application in agricultural production.

The drawing schematically shows a combine harvester.

The harvester contains a header 1 with a spike stripper 2 of a drum type, a cam mechanism 3, a screw 4, a blade drum 5, an inclined conveyor 6, a wiper drum 7 with a grooved surface mounted on a frame, a concave 8 with a continuous surface, one side of which is hinged, the other free, finger grate 9, installed at an angle, fan 10, duct with conveyor 11, tray 12, sieves 13 screen type driven by an eccentric 14, pitched trays 15, 16, grain auger 17 and chopper stems 18.

Combine harvester operates as follows.

When the combine is moving, the combing drum 2 of the header 1, rotating in the opposite direction of the movement of the unit, carries out the harvesting of the spike on the vine. The head is ensured by combing teeth in the shape of an equilateral triangle, with equal intervals between them, which form the channel for the head along the perimeter of the circumference of the drum, as well as through the use of the cam mechanism 3, the cams of which keep the head in its channel and as they are towed and reduction in the size of the ear ensures its entry into the interior of the gap between the combing teeth, to the smallest value of its size, which makes it possible to produce a full ear of the ear. The heap of carded mass contains particles of leaves of the upper part of the stem, particles of the stem base and grain in the biological shell, falling into the space between the drum 6 of the combine and the concave 8, are ground (crushed) into smaller parts, and the grain is freed from the shell.

Upon receipt of a heap of crushed mass on the finger grate 9, small particles, having windage, the air flow of the fan 10 is separated from the total mass and sent to the duct, and then conveyor 11 is thrown out of the combine to the field surface. The grain at the same time enters the sieve 13, where it is finally cleaned of impurities. In its pure form, grain enters the storage hopper, and then it is transported to vehicles at stationary post-harvest refinement facilities by vehicles. The stems of the plants after mowing are cut with a cutting device or crushed into small parts by a grinder of stems 18, depending on further agricultural methods of preparing the field for agricultural production. After combing the ears, the stems of the plants can be left on the field as snow retention or as an erosion protection agricultural method of soil conservation.

Sources

1. RU No. 2462018 C1, A01D 41/08.

2. RU No. 2437269 C1, A01D 41/08.

3. RU No. 2402192 C1, A01D 41/04.

4. RU No. 2070373 C1, A01D 41/08.

5. RU No. 2070781 C1, A01D 41/06.

6. SU No. 1037866 C1, A01D 41/08.

Claims (1)

A combine harvester containing a header for combing the ears, an inclined conveyor, a chopper of stems, a drum with a grooved surface, a concave, a finger grate, a fan, characterized in that it contains a sieve for cleaning grain, a drum with a grooved surface is mounted on the frame and made rubberized, and the concave is made continuous, while one of its sides is pivotally fixed, the second is free to change position relative to the drum, a finger grating with a convex surface is fixed to the drum along it is rotated at an angle and is connected to an air duct inside which a conveyor with scrapers is installed, and the fan is made with the possibility of controlling the air flow and is installed under the grill to direct the air flow penetrating it.

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