RU2569484C1 - Grain combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery industry and can be used in harvesting of grain crops. The grain combine harvester comprises two drums arranged one above the other and rotating in opposite directions, a screw, a conveyor of feeding, and a wiping drum. The upper drum is made bladed with a corrugated surface of each blade. The lower drum mounted under the bladed drum is made of circular section with a corrugated surface on the perimeter of the circle. Behind the feeding conveyor the grid of preliminary treatment is located with the fan mounted under it. Under the wiping drum there is also a fan.

EFFECT: grain combine harvester provides high quality of ear stripping and grain cleaning.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the production of grain harvesting equipment.

Known combine harvesters with reapers combing type [1, 2]. Reapers allow for grain loss in the form of an undercut of the ear. Their strippers are energy intensive and complex in design.

Combine harvesters [3] are also known, the design of which provides for stripping the ears and cleaning the grain from organic impurities using the air flow created by the fan.

Penetrating a pile of carded mass, the air stream blows out impurities that have windage.

However, the grain at the exit requires post-harvest refinement.

By the totality of common essential features, the technical solution [3] is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the known devices:

1. Underexposed spike.

2. Insufficient quality of grain cleaning from organic impurities.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of towing ears and cleaning grain from impurities.

The problem is solved by the following set of features of the proposed device.

The proposed grain harvesting machine, like the known device, contains two drums mounted vertically and rotating towards each other, while the upper blade drum is made with a grooved surface of each blade, a wiper drum, auger, feed conveyor and a fan mounted under the wiper drum.

In contrast to the known device in the proposed combine harvester, the lower drum installed under the blade drum is made of circular cross section with a corrugated surface around the circumference, and a pre-filter grille is installed behind the feed conveyor, blown by the air stream from a fan installed under the pre-filter grille.

The technical result - the quality of the ears and the purity of the heap of grain increases.

The technical result is achieved due to the design of the device for towing the spike and the double impact of the air flow on the combed mass. When an ear between the drums gets inertial forces arising from the rotation of two drums of the stripping device and their interaction with the corrugated surface of the blades and the surface of the lower drum destroy it, giving the combed mass a grain-sex character. Entering the pre-treatment grate, the initial cleaning of a heap of carded mass from organic impurities occurs. A grain mass with individual spike fragments, which are crushed into small parts, enters the wiper drum. Secondary impurities are removed when the grain mass passes through the air flow of the second fan. At the exit, the grain acquires a presentation and does not require post-harvest refinement at stationary points.

The noted structural features of the proposed grain harvesting machine will allow to obtain a positive economic effect during its implementation and widespread use in the system of agricultural production of food products.

In the drawing, a grain harvesting machine is schematically invented.

The grain harvesting machine contains: a blade drum 1 with blades 2, a lower drum 3 of circular cross section with a corrugated surface, a screw 4, a feed conveyor 5, a pre-filter grill 6 for initial grain cleaning, an air duct 7, a wiper drum 8, fans 9 and 10, an air duct 11 secondary grain cleaning, storage hopper 12, elevator 13.

Combine machine operates as follows.

When the machine moves, the blades 2 of the upper drum 1 capture a strip of cultivated plants and direct them into the space between the drums 1 and 3. Under the action of inertial forces of the drums rotating towards each other, and the corrugated surface of the blades 2, and the corrugated surface of the lower drum 3, the spike collapses into its component parts turning into a grain-heap, which is fed by a feed conveyor 5 to the preliminary treatment grate 6, where mechanical impurities are separated by the air flow of the fan 9 due to their windage.

The pre-cleaned tow mass enters the wiping drum 8, where impurities not separated from the grain are destroyed into small parts. At the exit of the wiper drum, the grain mass is blown by the air flow of the fan 10. Grain in its pure form is fed into the storage hopper 12 with an elevator 13, and the impurities separated from the grain by the air duct 11 are carried outside the machine. Separate impurities through the duct 7 after the pre-filter 6 are also removed outside the machine.

Information sources

1. Patent RU No. 2462018, IPC A01D 41/08. Reaper for towing ears, publ. 09/27/2012, Bull. Number 27.

2. Patent RU No. 2420944, IPC A01D 41/08. Header-spike cleaner, publ. 06/20/2011. Bull. Number 17.

3. Patent RU No. 2519868, IPC A01D 34/00. Combine Harvester, publ. 06/20/2014, bull. Number 17.

Claims (1)

A grain harvesting machine comprising two drums mounted vertically and rotating towards each other, the upper blade drum having a grooved surface of each blade, a wiper drum, a screw, a feed conveyor and a fan installed under the wiper drum, characterized in that the lower drum mounted under a blade drum, made of circular cross section with a grooved surface around the circumference of the circle, and behind the feed conveyor there is a pre-filter grille, blown air flow fan installed below the grid prefilter.

Images