RU2309575C1 - Stalkway of corn harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, corn harvesting equipment.

SUBSTANCE: stalkway of corm harvesting machine has stalk feeding chains, stalk grinder and cob separating plates. Stalk grinder has two parallel shafts, on one of which shafts are fixed flat knives tangentially to shaft surface, along axis of rotation, and on other of said shafts shear protrusions are provided, with number of shear protrusion being twice the number of knives. Shafts are provided at their front part with entrance screw cones and are connected at their rear part with one another through toothed rears so that on rotation of shafts, each of said knives runs ahead of shear protrusion in the middle of center-to-center distance at minimum gap. Grinder shafts are positioned at lower side and along slot between cob separating plates. During operation of corn harvesting machine, feeding chains guide corn stalks into slot between cob separating plates and grinder shafts so that during rotation in opposite direction these plates and shafts draw stalk through slot, separate cob from stalk, cut stalk into particles sized no more than 50 mm and split them along fibers, followed by spreading of said particles over the field. Finely ground stalk mass split into fine particles is firmly embedded into soil and fast decomposes.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved quality of corn stalk grinding and spreading processes.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular, to corn harvesting equipment.

Known working channel of the corn harvesting machine KSKU-6 [1], including two contours of the stem-feeding chains located at an angle to the horizon, under which along the chains there are two picking plates along which chains are mounted with an adjustable gap, below which are two counter-rotating stem-pulling rollers with radial ribs and lead-in screw cones (ed. St. USSR No. 1769701, class A01D 45/02, 1991).

When the machine moves along the rows of corn, the stalks are caught in chains and guided by screw cones into the working slot between the picking plates and the pulling rollers. With the ribs of the rollers, the stems are compressed and stretched through the slot (gap) between the plates, as a result of which the cobs, having a larger diameter than the stems, do not extend into the slot and are torn off from the stems. Then the cobs are moved in chains along the plates and fed into the machine for further processing (cleaning, threshing), and the stems remaining on the root are mowed, chopped and scattered across the field (or collected in the vehicle) by a rotary cutting device mounted on the header behind the working channels cars.

Thus, two special working bodies are used to pull the stalks between the picking plates and grind them on a corn harvesting machine - stretching ribbed rollers and a rotary chopper, which complicates the design of the machine, increases its metal consumption and cost.

To eliminate these shortcomings, foreign working maize harvesters used a working channel, including stem-feeding chains, ear-picking plates, stretching rollers and a grinder of stems. The chopper is a shaft with a set of circular knives, which is installed at the bottom and parallel to the stretching rollers so that the knives enter the annular slots made on the edges of the rollers [2]. During the operation of the machine, the stems are moved in chains along the rollers, which pull them with their ribs through the gap between the ear plates, and at the same time they are cut with circular knives entering the grooves of the rollers. The crushed stems are scattered across the field by each working bed of the header with their subsequent plowing as organic fertilizer.

The disadvantage of this stalk grinding device is too large grinding of stems into segments up to 200 mm, which are then poorly embedded in the soil and rotted for a long time, which complicates the work of sowing machines. Large chopping of the stems is obtained because the stems are pulled by the edges of the rollers between the disk knives, set in increments greater than the diameter of the stems, and cut only when the stem is moved along the rollers from the knife to the knife. Due to the fact that the speed of pulling the stem with rollers is much higher (2-3 times) than its speed along the rollers, the stem is cut into rather large parts (up to 200 mm).

In order to ensure a reliable process of separating the cobs and grinding the stems into particles up to 50 mm, which are well embedded in the soil and quickly rot, it is proposed to install a stalk grinder instead of the staple-pulling rollers in the working bed of the machine, which simultaneously cuts the stalk through the slot between the picking plates and cuts it into necessary particles with their splitting along the fibers. The chopper is made in the form of two parallel shafts, on one of which flat knives are fixed tangentially to the surface along the shaft, and on the other along the shaft there are opposing protrusions connected by gear wheels so that when the counter rotation each knife overtakes the protrusion with a minimum clearance in the middle of the center distance of the shafts.

Figure 1 shows the proposed working channel of the corn harvesting machine (side view) with a grinder stalks, figure 2 is a cross section of the working channel.

The working channel (Fig. 1) includes earthing plates 1, a chopper of stems 2, a stem-feeding chain 3, a gear drive for chains and a chopper 4.

The chopper of the stems (Fig. 2) consists of two parallel shafts 5 and 6 installed in the working bed of the machine instead of the stem-pulling rollers, on one of which flat knives 7 are fixed tangentially to the shaft surface (for example, square) along the axis of rotation, and on the other - along the shaft there is a 2 times larger number of opposing protrusions 8. In the front part, the shafts are equipped with lead-in screw cones, and in the rear part they are interconnected by gears 9 and 10 with a gear ratio of 1: 2 in such a position that in the opposite direction and shafts, each knife overtakes the opposing protrusion in the middle of the center distance with a minimum clearance. When 4 knives are installed on a square shaft, 8 projections must be made on the other shaft. The diameters of the shafts along the blades of knives and protrusions should be the same and equal to the center-to-center distance of the stalk-pulling rollers.

The channel works as follows. During the movement of the machine along the rows of corn, the stalks are captured by the stem-feeding chains 3 and guided by screw cones on the shredder shafts into the working slot between the picking plates 1 and the shredder shafts 5 and 6.

During counter rotation of the shredder shafts, each knife 7 of one shaft overtakes the opposing protrusion 8 of the other shaft in the middle of the line connecting the centers of rotation of the shafts with a minimum gap, as a result of which the stem is pulled through the slot between the picking plates, the cob is separated from the stem, and the stem is cut into required particles and scattering them across the field.

Since in order to ensure the reliability of the technological process of the machine, the speed of pulling the stem through the slot between the picking plates must exceed the maximum speed of the machine (7.2 km / h) and be about V _st = 4 m / s, the peripheral speed of the opposing protrusions should be equal to this speed and the speed of the blade blades is 2 times greater than V _n = 2V _st = 8 m / s, which provides a reliable cut of the stem.

Since the speed of the knives is greater than the speed of pulling the stem, before the final cut, the knife removes chips from the surface of the stem, as a result of which the cut part of the stem is split along the fibers and thinner particles are obtained, which contributes to the rapid decay of the mass in the soil.

Information sources

1. Corn harvesting machines / K.V. Shatilov, B. D. Kozachek, A. P. Orekhov and others. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1981. - 44 p.

2. Corn attachments ROTA - DISC: Prospectus from Geringhoff (Germany) // Carl Geringhoff Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH & Co. Gersteinstrape 18 D-59227 Ahlen / Westf.

Internet: http://www.Geringhoff.de

e-mail: info@GERINGHOFF.de

Claims (1)

The working channel of the corn harvesting machine, including stem-feeding chains, cob-separating plates and a stalk grinder, characterized in that the grinder is made in the form of two parallel shafts, on one of which flat knives are fixed tangentially to the surface along the shaft, and on the other along the shaft are made protruding protrusions, interconnected by gears so that with oncoming rotation each knife overtakes the protrusion with a minimum clearance in the middle of the center distance of the shafts.

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