CN203761869U

CN203761869U - Header of corn harvesting machine

Info

Publication number: CN203761869U
Application number: CN201420088895.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈永政
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-02-28
Filing date: 2014-02-28
Publication date: 2014-08-13
Anticipated expiration: 2024-02-28

Abstract

The utility model discloses a header of a corn harvesting machine. The header comprises a rack on which a power distribution shaft is arranged; the power distribution shaft drives cutting and smashing devices and anvil rollers; the cutting and smashing devices and the anvil rollers are relatively matched with each other, and are mounted on the rack; the cutting and smashing devices drive grain-supporting devices which are arranged on the rack; the cutting and smashing devices are arranged at the tail ends of the grain-supporting devices; cluster-protecting plates are arranged below the grain-supporting devices and above the cutting and smashing devices; flexible protecting plates are mounted on the rack above the anvil rollers; cluster-collecting grooves are formed behind the anvil rollers and the flexible protecting plates. According to the utility model, the header of the corn harvesting machine integrates a cluster-picking device and a smashing device reasonably, and is simple in structure, compact and reasonable in arrangement, and small in whole size, and can be matched with a small tractor to harvest corns in a single line or in double lines, or can be matched with a large tractor and a corn combine-harvester to harvest the corns in multiple lines. Therefore, the header of the corn harvesting machine can harvest the corns fast and conveniently, and is higher in reliability, is good in effect, low in consumed power and oil consumption, and wide in application range.

Description

A kind of corn harvester

Technical field

The utility model belongs to corn harvest mechanization technical field, is specifically related to a kind of corn harvester.

Background technology

In recent years, along with the development of agricultural mechanization, the mechanized harvest of corn has also been made significant headway.Corn harvest mechanization technology is when corn is ripe, uses corn harvesting machine in field, once to complete the process of the multi-mode operations such as harvesting, peeling, fruit ear header, straw chopping and returning or recovery.The device that common type comprises following harvest technology: harvesting-peeling-spike collecting-straw chopping and returning (or chopping is reclaimed), harvesting-spike collecting-straw chopping and returning (or chopping is reclaimed), harvesting-fruit ear threshing-seed collection-straw chopping and returning (or chopping is reclaimed) etc.

Conventional maize harvesting mechanization current techique is as follows with device:

One, harvesting technology and device

Harvesting technology has " harvesting roll-type " and " harvesting plate and stem pulling roller combined type " two kinds conventionally with device." harvesting roll-type " is by a pair of tilting vertical sleeping snapping bar device and dials standing grain installation composition, during operation, rice-pulling chain is allocated to corn stem in the middle of two snapping bars, snapping bar surface is with dragon's paw shape projection opposite direction rotating, corn stem pulls downwards, thick corn ear departs from corn stem under the extruding of snapping bar, the corn ear of taking is under the effect of rice-pulling chain, enter horizontal auger conveyor and carry backward, this kind of form structure is simple, during harvesting, disconnected stem stalk is few, but stem stalk is thick, when moisture content is higher, snapping bar easily stops up, because the corn ear of taking contacts with the snapping bar of rotation, when fruit ear moisture content is lower, gnaw fringe serious." harvesting plate and stem pulling roller combined type " is comprised of harvesting plate and stem pulling roller, stem pulling roller is generally 4 ribs or 6 rib rollers, during operation, the stem pulling roller of opposite direction rotating pulls corn stem downwards, under the effect of harvesting plate, fruit ear departs from corn stem, chain is sent the corn ear of taking to horizontal auger conveyor or ear or transport device, the fruit ear that this kind of form taken does not contact with the stem pulling roller of rotation, fruit ear damage is little, seed damage rate is low, but when stem stalk moisture content is higher, disconnected stem stalk is more, need the special trash discharging apparatus of configuration, power attenuation is larger.

Two, peeling technology adopts roll-type peeling principle with device apparatus for peeling off more, relies on the frictional force of peeling rollers to fruit ear bract, and bract is divested.Apparatus for peeling off is mainly comprised of rotating in opposite directions peeling rollers and force feed device some, peeling rollers axis and level are 100 ° of-120 ° of inclination angles, being beneficial to fruit ear glides vertically, force feed device is arranged on the top of peeling rollers, during work, force feed device presses to corn ear peeling rollers and pushes backward, the peeling rollers of rotation is torn corn ear bract, and pulls out from the gap of stripping roller.Three, stalk treatment technology and device

Different demands for each corn producing region to maize straw configure chopping and returning device or chopping retracting device on maize harvesting machine, in harvesting corn fruit ear, straw chopping and returning or chopping are reclaimed.Conventional corn stalk powder crushing device has " flail knife formula " and " hob type " two kinds.Flail knife formula corn stalk powder crushing device is often that single shaft is horizontal, mainly gear-box, power transmission shaft, belt drive component, cutter shaft component, hood, stationary knife and limiting roll etc., consists of.On cutter shaft component, be hinged with whipping cutting tool, cutting tool has three kinds conventionally: hammer pawl, tulwar and straight knife, on every kind of cutter shaft, be furnished with identical cutting tool, and be generally symmetric arrays, the cutting tool pattern on same cutter shaft can not be exchanged.2～3 cuttves that are ranked are housed on pulverizing chamber case, are combined into pulverizing chamber with cutting tool.During work, cutter shaft High Rotation Speed, the cutting tool of high-speed motion carries out impact cutting operation to ground stalk, each impact cutting all can cut a part of stalk, and in the mode of cutting, cut, hit, rub with the hands, tearing at a high speed, maize straw is directly pulverized, or under the crushing part of High Rotation Speed drives, maize straw under impact cutting is involved at a high speed to pulverizing chamber, be subject to again stationary knife on case further impact cutting, hit, tear, rub, through impact cutting, strike repeatedly, stalk becomes broken section or fibrous, sheds on ground equably.Flail knife formula corn stalk powder crushing device is arranged on ear-picking unit below and rear conventionally, and stubble height is subject to the control of corn stalk powder crushing device limiting roll, regulates the angle of limiting roll, can change the stubble height of maize straw.Flail knife formula corn stalk powder crushing device shredding type belongs to nothing or single supporting cutting, is to improve crushing effect, and the cutting speed of cutting tool cutter end is had relatively high expectations, so the power consuming is larger.Hob type: hob type corn stalk powder crushing device is mainly comprised of belt drive component, cutter shaft component, hood, stationary knife etc.Hob type corn stalk powder crushing device is arranged on ear-picking unit below conventionally, is fixed with moving cutting knife on cutter shaft component, and moving cutting knife running track can regulate with stationary knife approximate tangent.During work, cutter shaft High Rotation Speed cuts off maize straw take to the back upper place of slitter shaft, at the auxiliary lower moving knife rotating of stationary knife, maize straw cut-out is pulverized.Hob type corn stalk powder crushing device when work corn stem shreds under the cooperation of hobboing cutter and stationary knife, with flail knife formula without or singly support cutting and grinding to compare power consumption low, structure is relatively simple, take up room little, but crushing effect is slightly poor.Stalks cutting reclaims: during corn combine operation, install corn stalk powder crushing device additional configuration device for recovering straw, the maize straw after pulverizing is thrown to vanning or entrucking, as feed or fuel.

Conventional maize harvesting mechanization results technology is what to separate with ear-picking unit and the cutting and grinding device of device, exists structure more complicated, and power consumption is larger, and fruit ear is by the rate of biting the also problem such as larger.And this kind of constitutional detail is more, cost is also higher, uses complicated operation reliability low.

Utility model content

For prior art maize harvesting mechanization results technology, be what to separate with ear-picking unit and the cutting and grinding device of device, exist structure more complicated, power consumption is larger, and fruit ear is by the rate of biting the also problem such as larger.The utility model provides a kind of corn harvester that ear-picking unit and reducing mechanism are combined, and utilizes cutting and grinding device that corn ear fringe handle is pulverized and won fruit ear during harvesting, and corn ear breakage rate is low, saves power consumption, simple in structure.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution of the utility model is as follows: a kind of corn harvester, comprise frame, frame is provided with power distributing shaft, described frame is provided with cutting and grinding device and the anvil roller that power distributing shaft drives, and cutting and grinding device Matching installation relative to anvil roller is in frame, and cutting and grinding device drives the grain lifter in frame, the end of described grain lifter is cutting and grinding device, and the below of grain lifter and cutting and grinding device top are provided with fruit ear baffle; In the frame of described anvil roller top, flexible protective plate is installed, anvil roller and flexible protective plate rear are spike collecting groove.

Described cutting and grinding device comprises cutting movable arbor, pulverizes movable arbor and stationary knife, cutting movable arbor and pulverizing movable arbor are provided with moving knife, cutting movable arbor is arranged in frame by bearing with the pulverizing movable arbor that is positioned at its below, cutting movable arbor is connected by chain with pulverizing movable arbor, between cutting movable arbor and anvil roller, across roll gap, relatively rotate, the stationary knife being fixed in frame matches with pulverizing movable arbor.

Described grain lifter comprises rice-pulling chain, and one end of rice-pulling chain is located to be held up on standing grain reductor, and the other end of rice-pulling chain is provided with sprocket wheel, holds up standing grain reductor to be fixed in the frame of cutting motive shaft top, holds up standing grain reductor to be linked by chain sprocket and cutting movable arbor; Crack between adjacent two rice-pulling chains below arranges fruit ear baffle, fruit ear baffle above cutting movable arbor and anvil roller for bending curved surface shape, fruit ear baffle is fixed in frame.

Described anvil roller is arranged on by bearing in the frame of stationary knife top, cutting motive shaft rear, on anvil roller is axial, is evenly equipped with helical form rib.

Described grain lifter, fruit ear baffle, cutting and grinding device, anvil roller and flexible protective plate form a set of harvesting mechanism, and every corn harvester is provided with a set of harvesting mechanism or be arranged at least two cover harvesting mechanisms in parallel.

Described moving knife is packed in cutting movable arbor and pulverizes on movable arbor; Or described moving knife is to be hinged on cutting movable arbor and to pulverize the whipping cutting moving knife on movable arbor.

Protective cover is established in described rice-pulling chain outside, and protective cover is arranged in frame.

On described rice-pulling chain, establish rice-pulling tooth.

Described rice-pulling chain and horizontal line are 0-40 degree inclination angle.

In described frame, establish for articulating screw or the bearing pin hinge hole of power walking device.

Harvesting of the present utility model and stalk smashing function are completed by cutting and grinding device and the anvil roller that matches with it.During work, rice-pulling chain on grain lifter and rice-pulling tooth are by the milpa fruit ear baffle of dragging on, be sent to the cutting and grinding device at rear, the moving knife of cutting on movable arbor cuts off maize straw maize straw is continued rearward to transport under grain lifter auxiliary from root, because the spacing of anvil roller and fruit ear baffle can be held corn ear fringe handle and corn stem passes through, and do not allow corn ear to pass through, like this under the cooperation of anvil roller and cutting motive shaft and moving knife, on the one hand the fringe handle of fruit ear is pulverized or cut off, the fruit ear of taking can be thrown in the spike collecting groove at flexible protective plate rear by the rotation of anvil roller, and be guided to building machine desired location, on the other hand, anvil roller and moving knife pull down maize straw pulverize, by the moving knife once section of being ground into stalk and fruit ear fringe handle on anvil roller and cutting movable arbor, on stationary knife and pulverizing movable arbor, under the mating reaction of moving knife, continue to cut off and pulverize, then be scattered and the reducing mechanism back lower place, complete results and the crushed stalk of corn.

The utility model cane cutting and grinding device can be divided into " flail knife formula " and " hob type " two kinds, and the main distinction is form and the connected mode of moving knife.Hob type cane reducing mechanism movable arbor can be made as two groups and arrange up and down, strengthens crushing effect.

Corn harvester of the present utility model is by ear-picking unit and reducing mechanism reasonable integration, and it is simple in structure, compact and reasonable arrangement, overall volume is little, can supporting small tractor, harvesting single file or two row corns also configurablely gather in multirow corn on large sized tractor and corn combine, gather in convenient and swift, reliability improves, and effective, consumed power is little, fuel consumption is little, applied widely.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the end view of the utility model double flute fruit ear baffle duplicate rows hobboing cutter crushing type ceding of Taiwan.

Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the utility model double flute fruit ear baffle duplicate rows hobboing cutter crushing type ceding of Taiwan.

Fig. 3 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 2.

Reference numeral: frame 1, power distributing shaft 2, fruit ear baffle 3, grain lifter 4, rice-pulling chain 41, hold up standing grain reductor 42, straw shift wheel 43, rice-pulling tooth 44, cutting and grinding device 5, cutting movable arbor 51, pulverize movable arbor 52, stationary knife 53, moving knife 54, anvil roller 6, flexible protective plate 7, protective cover 8, spike collecting groove 9.

Embodiment

As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of corn harvester, comprise frame 1, frame 1 is provided with power distributing shaft 2, in frame 1, establish cutting and grinding device 5 and anvil roller 6 that power distributing shaft 2 drives, cutting and grinding device 5 Matching installation relative to anvil roller 6 in frame 1, the grain lifter 4 in cutting and grinding device 5 drive frames 1, the end of grain lifter 4 is cutting and grinding device 5, and the below of grain lifter 4 and cutting and grinding device 5 tops are provided with fruit ear baffle 3; In the frame 1 of anvil roller 6 tops, flexible protective plate 7 is installed, anvil roller 6 and flexible protective plate 7 rears are spike collecting groove 9, then corn ear are collected and are guided to desired location.

Cutting and grinding device 5 comprises cutting movable arbor 51, pulverizes movable arbor 52 and stationary knife 53, on cutting movable arbor 51 and pulverizing movable arbor 52, be all provided with moving knife 54, cutting movable arbor 51 is arranged in frame 1 by bearing with the pulverizing movable arbor 52 that is positioned at its below, cutting movable arbor 51 is connected by chain with pulverizing movable arbor 52, between cutting movable arbor 51 and anvil roller 6, across roll gap, relatively rotate, the stationary knife 53 being fixed in frame 1 matches with pulverizing movable arbor 52.

Grain lifter 4 comprises rice-pulling chain 41, and one end of rice-pulling chain 41 is located to be held up on standing grain reductor 42, and rice-pulling chain 41 is 0-40 degree inclination angle with horizontal line, establishes rice-pulling tooth 44 on rice-pulling chain 42, can strengthen the grasp force to corn straw.The other end of rice-pulling chain 41 is located on sprocket wheel 43, holds up standing grain reductor 42 to be fixed in the frame 1 of cutting motive shaft 51 tops, holds up standing grain reductor 42 to be linked by chain sprocket and cutting movable arbor 51; Crack that adjacent two rice-pulling chains are 41 below arranges fruit ear baffle 3, and fruit ear baffle 3 is bending curved surface shape above cutting movable arbor 51 and anvil roller 6, and fruit ear baffle 3 is fixed in frame 1; Anvil roller 6 is arranged in the frame 1 of cutting motive shaft 51 rear stationary knife 53 tops by bearing.On anvil roller 6 is axial, be evenly equipped with helical form rib, increase the frictional force with milpa.

Grain lifter 4, fruit ear baffle 3, cutting and grinding device 5, anvil roller 6 and flexible protective plate 7 form a set of harvesting mechanism, a set of harvesting mechanism is set on every corn harvester or be arranged at least two cover harvesting mechanisms in parallel.On corn harvester in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, all be arranged in parallel two cover harvesting mechanisms, be the ceding of Taiwan of double flute fruit ear baffle duplicate rows hobboing cutter crushing type.

Protective cover 8 is established in rice-pulling chain 41 outsides, and protective cover 8 is arranged in frame 1.Can back work during machine operation, reduce parts depreciation, the corrosion of inner components can not protected and avoid to the used time to machinery.

In frame 1, establish for articulating screw or the bearing pin hinge hole of power walking device, for being arranged on dynamic power machine.

Moving knife 54 is for being hinged on cutting movable arbor 51 and pulverizing the whipping cutting moving knife on movable arbor 52, and cutting and grinding device 5 is " flail knife formula cutting and grinding device " like this.

Moving knife 54 also can be for being bolted on cutting movable arbor 51 and pulverizing the moving cutting knife on movable arbor 52, and cutting and grinding device 5 is " hob type cutting and grinding device " like this.One group of two movable arbor distributing up and down, can strengthen crushing effect.During work, cutting movable arbor 51 High Rotation Speeds, moving knife 54 is encountered in the roll gap that corn stem is cut off and taken to after corn stem cutting movable arbor 51 and anvil roller 6 and is transported downwards, moving knife 54 on cutting movable arbor 51 continues corn stem to be transported to downwards pulverizing movable arbor 52 after cutting off corn ear fringe handle, under stationary knife 53 auxiliary, the moving knife 54 of pulverizing on movable arbor 52 cuts off corn stem to pulverize.

Frame 1 is provided with for articulating screw or the bearing pin hinge hole of power walking device, the devices such as running gear comprises engine, turns to, braking, speed change, and power walking device is responsible for motion and power is provided, and the articulating of frame 1 is bolted or is hinged.

As shown in Figure 3, cutting motive shaft 51 is connected by chain with pulverizing line shaft 52, so both direction of rotation are identical, the power input sprocket of anvil roller 6 is connected to cutting motive shaft 51 and the outside of pulverizing the chain of line shaft 52, so when cutting motive shaft 51 and pulverizing line shaft 52 rotating Vortex, drive anvil roller 6 reverse rotations.In addition, anvil roller 6 is approximate tangent with moving knife 54 movement locus on cutting motive shaft 51, has less gap, only holds entering of corn stem, and maize straw and corncob handle are done to preliminary cutting and grinding work.Stationary knife 53 is approximate tangent with moving knife 54 movement locus of pulverizing on line shaft 52, has coordinated the further crushed work of maize straw.

Corn harvester of the present utility model is connected on the corn combine of small tractor or large sized tractor by frame 1, building machine provides power, and by power input power distributing shaft 2, power distributing shaft 2 by power distribution to grain lifter 4, cutting and grinding device 5 and anvil roller 6.During work, start building machine and move ahead, power input power distributing shaft 2 also drives cutting movable arbor 51 and anvil roller 6 and holds up standing grain reductor 42 to do corresponding running.Rice-pulling chain 41 on grain lifter 4 and rice-pulling tooth 44 are by the milpa fruit ear baffle 3 of dragging on; be sent to the cutting and grinding device 5 at rear; the moving knife 54 of cutting on movable arbor 51 cuts off maize straw maize straw is continued rearward to transport under grain lifter 4 auxiliary from root; due to the damping of flexible protective plate 7 and the relative running of cutting movable arbor 51 and anvil roller 6, corn stem moves downward in the roll gap of cutting movable arbor 51 and anvil roller 6.Anvil roller 6 can hold corn ear fringe handle with the spacing of fruit ear baffle 3 and corn stem passes through, and do not allow corn ear to pass through, like this under the cooperation of anvil roller 6 and cutting motive shaft 51 and moving knife 54, on the one hand the fringe handle of fruit ear is pulverized or cut off, the fruit ear of taking is thrown in the spike collecting groove 9 at flexible protective plate 7 rears by the rotation of anvil roller 6, and be guided to building machine desired location, on the other hand, anvil roller 6 and moving knife 54 pull down maize straw pulverize, by moving knife 54 on anvil roller 6 and cutting the movable arbor 51 once section of being ground into stalk and fruit ear fringe handle, on stationary knife 53 and pulverizing movable arbor 52, under the mating reaction of moving knife 54, continue to cut off and pulverize, then be scattered and the reducing mechanism back lower place.This process constantly repeats to complete the harvesting of corn.

Claims

1. a corn harvester, comprise frame (1), frame (1) is provided with power distributing shaft (2), it is characterized in that: described frame (1) is provided with cutting and grinding device (5) and the anvil roller (6) that power distributing shaft (2) drives, cutting and grinding device (5) with the relative Matching installation of anvil roller (6) in frame (1), cutting and grinding device (5) drives the grain lifter (4) in frame (1), the end of described grain lifter (4) is cutting and grinding device (5), the below of grain lifter (4) and cutting and grinding device (5) top are provided with fruit ear baffle (3), the upper flexible protective plate (7) of installing of frame (1) of described anvil roller (6) top, anvil roller (6) and flexible protective plate (7) rear are spike collecting groove (9).

2. corn harvester according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cutting and grinding device (5) comprises cutting movable arbor (51), pulverize movable arbor (52) and stationary knife (53), cutting movable arbor (51) and pulverizing movable arbor (52) are provided with moving knife (54), cutting movable arbor (51) and the pulverizing movable arbor (52) being positioned at below it are arranged in frame (1) by bearing, cutting movable arbor (51) is connected by chain with pulverizing movable arbor (52), between cutting movable arbor (51) and anvil roller (6), across roll gap, relatively rotate, the stationary knife (53) being fixed in frame (1) matches with pulverizing movable arbor (52).

3. corn harvester according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described grain lifter (4) comprises rice-pulling chain (41), one end of rice-pulling chain (41) is located to be held up on standing grain reductor (42), the other end of rice-pulling chain (41) is provided with sprocket wheel (43), hold up standing grain reductor (42) to be fixed in the frame (1) of cutting motive shaft (51) top, hold up standing grain reductor (42) to be linked by chain sprocket and cutting movable arbor (51); Crack between adjacent two rice-pulling chains (41) below arranges fruit ear baffle (3), and fruit ear baffle (3) is bending curved surface shape the top of cutting movable arbor (51) and anvil roller (6), and fruit ear baffle (3) is fixed in frame (1).

4. corn harvester as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the frame (1) that described anvil roller (6) is arranged on cutting motive shaft (51) rear stationary knife (53) top by bearing is upper, on anvil roller (6) is axial, is evenly equipped with helical form rib.

5. corn harvester as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that: described grain lifter (4), fruit ear baffle (3), cutting and grinding device (5), anvil roller (6) and flexible protective plate (7) form a set of harvesting mechanism, every corn harvester is provided with a set of harvesting mechanism or be arranged at least two cover harvesting mechanisms in parallel.

6. corn harvester as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described moving knife (54) is packed in cutting movable arbor (51) and pulverizes on movable arbor (52); Or described moving knife (54) is for being hinged on cutting movable arbor (51) and pulverizing the whipping cutting moving knife on movable arbor (52).

7. corn harvester as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: protective cover (8) is established in described rice-pulling chain (41) outside, and protective cover (8) is arranged in frame (1).

8. corn harvester as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: on described rice-pulling chain (42), establish rice-pulling tooth (44).

9. corn harvester as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: described rice-pulling chain (41) is 0-40 degree inclination angle with horizontal line.

10. corn harvester as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described frame (1), establish for articulating screw or the bearing pin hinge hole of power walking device.