RU2556373C1 - Drum-type header for ear stripping - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: drum-type header for ear stripping comprises the stripping drums, a screw, and a conveyor. The drums are arranged in a vertical plane one above the other and rotate towards each other. On the surfaces of each drum on the perimeter of a circle a cellular web is rigidly fixed, with the mesh size within the thickness of the ear. The diameter of the upper drum is larger than the diameter of the lower drum. The upper drum is offset from the centre of the lower drum in the direction of the translational motion of the grain combine harvester.

EFFECT: efficient stripping of spike cultures.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the production of harvesting equipment.

The design of the known reapers [1] uses stripping drums, rotors with combs.

Their workflow is provided at high speeds. The drive of the combing elements requires high energy consumption. In addition, the reapers are structurally complex and are used for harvesting certain types of crops.

Harvesting reapers are more sensitive to varietal characteristics of plants and their physical and technological state - the connection of grain with an ear, fragility of the stem and moisture of the ear. This is primarily reflected in losses in the form of self-shedding and malnutrition of the ear.

The reapers of the combing type are not universal devices and are used when harvesting mainly spike and panicle crops, and therefore the reapers do not exclude the traditional technology of harvesting.

However, comb-type reapers are known that are unified with existing technology reapers and can be converted to traditional reapers and vice versa.

By the totality of common essential features, this technical solution is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the known devices.

1. High energy intensity of drives of stripping devices.

2. The complexity of the design of the reapers stripping type.

3. The reapers of the combing type do not exclude the traditional technology of harvesting.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of the technological process of harvesting and simplifying the design of the header.

The task is performed using two drums located in a vertical plane and rotating towards each other, on the surface of each of them along the circumference of the circle, a mesh cloth with mesh sizes within the spike width is rigidly fixed, the upper drum being larger in diameter than the lower one and offset from the center of the lower drum in the direction of translational movement of the combine harvester.

The technical result - the quality of the technological process of cleaning is improved, and the design of the header is simplified.

The technical result is achieved through the use of a cellular fabric on the surface of the drum, which, when the drums rotate, provides a direction of movement and uniform feed of the ear in the space between the drums, while under the action of the ribs of the cell, the ear is deformed and collapses into its constituent parts, the grain is released, and the ears are removed from the base spike and stand out grain in the biological shell.

The cellular surface of the upper drum and its displacement from the center of the lower to the direction of translational movement of the unit contributes to a better capture of the spike part of plants and their directed movement between the drums.

A feature of towing an ear is that the towing process begins as the ear arrives in the space between the reels, which reduces the likelihood of the ear coming off the stem. That is why the combed mass is a mixture of grain and sex - the grain-sex nature of the heap.

The workflow of harvesting the spike by the proposed header is performed at relatively low revolutions of the drums, while it does not require high energy consumption for the drive. This makes it possible to reduce the energy intensity of the tow process. In addition, to free the grain from the ears and biological shell after towing, there is no need to use the threshing drum of the combine with high energy performance of the technological process of harvesting. It is enough to use a wiper drum for this purpose with less energy consumption per drive.

The noted positive aspects of the proposed reaper make it possible to obtain from the introduction an economic effect and wide practical application in the agricultural production system.

The drawing schematically shows a header for towing an ear, drum type.

The header contains two drums, upper 1 and lower 2, with a mesh web 3 on their surface, the drums are located in a vertical plane one above the other, the upper drum 1 is larger than the lower 2 and offset from its center towards the translational movement of the combine.

For moving the carded mass to the feed conveyor 4, a screw 5 is provided in the wiper drum of the combine.

Reaper works as follows.

With the progressive movement of the harvesting unit, the upper drum 1 of the header, rotating, captures the ear of plants and directs it into the space between the drums. Under the influence of the pressure of the drums and the occurring moment of shear in the direction of rotation, the spike is destroyed. At the same time, pure grain and grain in the biological shell stand out, and ears of corn separate. At the output of the upper 1 and lower 2 drums, the combed mass acquires a grain-sex character, which is shifted by the screw 5 to the feed conveyor 4 and is fed into the wiper drum of the combine.

Information sources

1. Patent RU 2462018. Header for tow ear, IPC 1 A01D 41/08.

2. Patent RU 2437269. Unit for grain harvesting, IPC 1 A01D 41/08.

3. Patent RU 2446063. Header for towing ears, IPC 1 A01D 41/08.

4. Copyright certificate SU 1192685. Device for threshing small-seeded crops in the vine, IPC A01D 41/08.

5. Copyright certificate SU 1037866. A device for towing crops on the vine, A01D 41/08.

Claims (1)

A reaper for harvesting a drum-type ear, containing a screw, a conveyor, characterized in that on the drums located in a vertical plane, rotating towards each other, on the surface of each of them around the circumference of the circle, a mesh web with mesh sizes within the ear thickness is rigidly fixed, moreover the upper drum is larger in diameter than the lower one, and is offset from the center of the lower drum in the direction of translational movement of the combine.

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