RU2420944C1 - Ear reaping-combing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to agricultural engineering industry. The ear reaping-combing machine includes a frame, a conveyor and an auger. A combing device is installed on the frame as a drum with blades. A toothed comb is fixed on each blade shaped as a circumference sector with concave surface and with the possibility to change the position relative to the plants density. At one side of the comb there are teeth cut as a cone to form an input bed for plant stems entry between them. The other side of the comb serves as a trap for combing products. The drum with blades for combing is installed with the possibility of displacement in the plane, which is perpendicular to the soil surface. The speed of the drum rotation is proportional to the speed of the combine movement.

EFFECT: reaping-combing machine reduces losses of grain and energy intensity of crops harvesting process.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the agricultural process of food production, in particular to the harvesting of crops.

Known devices for harvesting crops by the method of combing the ears with subsequent refinement of the combed mass in the threshing drum of the combine and cleaning on sieves / RF Patent No. 2306691, IPC A01D 41/08, Device for combing grain on the root /.

The cleaning devices of this type are complex in design, energy-intensive and do not exclude the loss of grain in the form of an underrated ear. After the passage of the stripping unit, the stalks of the plants without spike remain on the field, uncleaned - additional costs are required for their grinding and incorporation into the soil.

Also known devices for combing the ears on the root of the drum (rotor) type / RF Patent No. 2299551, IPC A01D 41/08, Device for combing the grain on the vine /.

On the basis of the set of common essential features, the technical solution / RF Patent No. 2299551, IPC A01D 41/08, Device for harvesting grain standing / adopted as a prototype.

DISADVANTAGES OF KNOWN DEVICES:

- the design of the stripping device does not provide for the harvesting of plant stems at the same time as the harvesting of the ear;

- large grain losses;

- high energy intensity of the process of combing the ear.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the energy consumption of the technological process of harvesting, reducing grain losses and ensuring the cut of plant stems after harvesting the ear.

The objective of the invention is solved due to the simplicity of the design of the stripping apparatus in the form of a drum with blades on which tooth combs are fixed in the form of a sector of a circle with a concave surface, with the possibility of changing position relative to the stalk of plants, the teeth being cut from one side of the comb and the other serving as a tow trap spike, teeth are cut into a cone, forming an input channel for stems to enter the gap between the teeth, the sizes of which are within the thickness of the stem at the base of the spike, and the bar the aban rotates towards the plants clockwise with the possibility of moving in a plane perpendicular to the soil surface, and the speed of rotation of the drum is proportional to the speed of translational movement of the combine. In addition, a cutting apparatus is mounted on the header frame with the ability to move in a vertical plane.

The technical result - the energy intensity of the technological process of harvesting crops is reduced, grain losses are reduced, the cut of the stems after combing the ear is provided.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that when a stripper is used in the header design in the form of a drum with blades on which tooth combs are fixed, the force on the drum drive does not exceed the drag resistance of the comb of the ears of one comb, since each blade participates alternately in the tow.

Plants and ears before entering the gap between the teeth do not experience impact from the working bodies, which excludes the process of self-shedding of grain and possible losses. Grain and impurities extracted during the harvesting of the spike are stored by the trap until they are dumped towards the screw. Simultaneously with combing the ears, the stems of the plants are cut with a cutting device, ensuring the completion of the harvesting process of grain crops. In addition, the carded mass - grain in the shell and organic impurities of plants (leaves of stems) entering the receiving chamber of the combine does not cause extreme loads on the drum and other components and mechanisms of the combine. The smooth operation of the working bodies of the harvester, without sharp shock loads, increases the depreciation life and the life of the harvester as a whole.

The use of the proposed head-crop header in the agricultural process of food production will allow to obtain a positive economic effect.

The drawing schematically shows the header-stripper of the ear.

The harvester-header contains a frame 1, on which the drum 2 is mounted, with blades 3 and a tooth comb 4, with a spike trap 5. The position of the tooth comb is changed using a screw mechanism 6. The carded mass is fed into the harvester receiving chamber 7 by a screw 8, and then conveyor into the drum 9. The cut of plants after stripping the ears is carried out by the cutting apparatus 10. The cleaning apparatus is protected by a casing 11.

The header-cleaner works as follows.

When the combine is moving, the rotating drum 2 of the header comes into contact with cereal plants, while their spike part penetrates the gap between the teeth of the comb 4, then when lifting the blade 3 together with the comb up, at the moment of stopping the spike in the sides of adjacent teeth, the ear is stripped, the contents of which, including some organic impurities in the form of particles of plant leaves at this moment remain in trap 5. With a further rotation of the blade, at the moment of reverse movement, the contents of the trap are dumped towards the screw 8, to tory directs the mass into the receiving chamber, the conveyor 7 and then fed into the threshing drum 9, where the grain is separated from the shell and purification from impurities heap. Simultaneously with the harvesting of the ears, a cut of the plant stems is provided by the cutting apparatus 10. At this, the harvesting of grain crops ends.

Claims (2)

1. Header-spike cleaner containing a conveyor and auger, characterized in that a scrubber in the form of a drum with blades is mounted on the header-scrubber frame, on each of which a tooth comb is fixed in the shape of a sector of a circle with a concave surface and with the possibility of changing position relative to the stalk of plants, and teeth are cut on one side of the comb, and the ear trap is trapped on the other side, and the teeth are cut into a cone, forming an input channel for the plant stems to enter between the teeth, the size of which th are within the thickness of the stem at the base of the ear, wherein the drum is rotated toward the clockwise plants to be movable in a plane perpendicular to the soil surface and the drum rotation speed is proportional to the translational speed of the combine. 2. The header-harvester of the spike according to claim 1, characterized in that a cutting apparatus is mounted on the header-harvester frame with the ability to move in a vertical plane.

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