RU2545556C1 - Combine for harvesting grain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agricultural machinery industry. A combine for harvesting grain comprises a header for stripping ears, a conveyor, a wiping drum, a fan and a storage hopper. On the surface of the lower drum of the header toothed combs are mounted, and an upper drum is placed above it. Along the perimeter of the circle of the upper drum blades are arranged in the form of a two-row toothed comb. The height of the teeth of the lower drum and the blade upper drum corresponds to 1/2 thickness of the ear. A grain flow divider of the combine is made with the ability of movement in the horizontal plane and provides feeding the grain with impurities to the sieve of purification.

EFFECT: proposed combine provides the reduction of energy consumption of the process of harvesting grain crops.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the creation of grain harvesting equipment

The traditional combine harvesting technology for grain crops, in which the entire mass of plants grown is threshing, is energy-intensive, complex in the number of operations performed. To reduce the energy consumption of the technological process of harvesting, combine harvesters with a harvester of a combing type are used, while the harvester performs threshing - harvesting of plant inflorescences on the vine, feeding grain-heaped heaps to the combine threshing machine instead of the whole grown mass. The use of a combing header reduces the energy consumption of grain harvesting, but the use of a combine designed for direct combine harvesting does not reduce the energy intensity so as to obtain a high (desired) economic effect.

Grain harvesting units are also known in which an air stream created by a fan is used to separate impurities from the carded mass. But the well-known designs of the reapers do not provide the necessary quality of the technological process, they allow grain losses in the form of undercutting ears.

By the totality of common essential features, this technical solution is taken as a prototype.

Disadvantages of known devices

1. The lack of efficiency used in combine harvesters for combing ears on the quality of the process.

2. High energy intensity of the technological process of cleaning.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of the technological process of cleaning and reducing its energy consumption.

The task is performed by two counter-rotating drums, tooth combs are fixed on the surface of the lower drum, and two-row tooth combs are mounted on the upper circumference of the circumference, the tooth teeth of the combs of each drum being within 1/2 spike thickness, and the combine grain flow divider is made with the ability to move in the horizontal plane, and its design provides the supply of grain with impurities on the sieve.

The technical result - the quality of the process - is improving, and its energy consumption is reduced.

The technical result is achieved through the use of the header, the design of which provides for the impact of tooth combs on the spike from two sides. At the same time, the height of the tooth allows you to destroy half of the spike with each comb of the upper and lower drums, which reduces the likelihood of breakage of the spike and improves the quality of towing - the completeness of threshing of the spike.

The use of a two-row tooth comb as a blade, in which the second row of teeth is located after the first, improves the ear spike due to the fact that the first row of teeth destroys the spike, disrupting the biological connection of the grain with the spike, and the second row brushes the spike, providing full selection grain, simultaneously with the tooth comb of the lower drum. The design of the blade drum, in which the blades are in the form of a double-row tooth comb, makes it possible to capture the stems, supply them between the drums and the head of the ear.

The dual purpose of the drum blades improves the layout of the nodes and mechanisms of the header, while simplifying its design and reducing the energy consumption of the drive header.

The use of the divider of the proposed design in the combine allows you to separate the grain stream into pure grain and into grain with impurities. The divider is made with the possibility of moving in the horizontal plane, which allows to achieve the necessary grain purity, and its design provides the supply of grain with impurities to the sieve, where the final separation of impurities from the grain occurs.

The drive of the working bodies of the reaper and the harvester as a whole does not require much effort and energy; the process of stripping the ear is ensured by pulling the ear without affecting the stem of the plant. In this case, the heap of combed mass consists of the spike components - grain, spiked scales separately and as a biological shell of the grain.

The drawing schematically shows a combine for harvesting grain.

The harvester contains a header 1 for combing the spike, which consists of two vertically arranged drums, a tooth comb 3 is fixed on the surface of the lower drum 2, and a screw 7 is used on the upper 4 blades in the form of a double-row tooth comb 5. For transferring the combed mass to the conveyor 6, a screw 7 is used. carded mass provided wiper drum 8, fan 9, including a divider 10, sieve 11, elevators 12, duct 13, storage hopper 14.

The harvester works as follows.

With the translational movement of the combine, the blades 5 of the drum 4 laterally capture part of the stems and are directed towards the lower drum 2, at the moment of the spike entering the gap between the drums, the ear is destroyed (towed) on both sides by the tooth combs 3 of the lower drum 2 and the blades 5 of the upper drum 4 The carded mass enters the auger 7, which shifts it toward the conveyor 6. The conveyor feeds the ear of the spike to the wiper drum 8 of the combine, where it is threshing, freeing the grain from the ears. After the wiping drum, the heap of the grain-mass flow is directed towards the fan 9. The air stream of the fan, penetrating the heap, separates light impurities and throws them outside the combine through the air duct 13, and the grain flow is directed towards the divider 10, where it is divided into two streams - into grain in pure form and grain with impurities, the latter is fed to the sieve 11 cleaning, where the grain is finally separated from impurities. Elevators 12 grain is fed into the storage hopper 14.

Sources

1. Patent Ru No. 2401192 C1, A01D 41/08.

2. Ru No. 2462018 C1, A01D 41/08.

3. Su No. 1037866 C1, A01D 41/08.

4. Ru No. 2437269 C1, A01D 41/08.

5. Ru No. 2070781 C1, A01D 41/08.

6. Ru No. 2446663 C1, A01D 41/08.

Claims (1)

Combine for harvesting grain, containing a header for towing an ear with an auger, a conveyor, a wiper drum, a fan and a storage hopper, characterized in that tooth combs are fixed on the surface of the lower drum of the header and an upper drum is installed over it, along the circumference of which blades are installed in in the form of a double-row tooth comb, and the height of the teeth of the comb of the lower drum and the blade within 1/2 the thickness of the ear, and the divider of the grain flow of the combine is made with the possibility of movement in the horizontal plane and, and its design provides the supply of grain with impurities to the sieve.

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