RU2462018C1 - Cutter for spike stripping - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agricultural industry and may be used for harvesting grain crops. The cutter contains a stripping drum, a conveyor and an auger. On the surface of the drum along a helical line the stripping teeth are tightly fastened in the form of an equilateral triangle with equivalent intervals between them. The intervals between the teeth of one row coincide with the gaps between the teeth of other rows to form a channel around the perimetre of a drum circle. Above the drum with a shift from its center in the direction of the harvesting device motion, the blade drum is mounted with the ability to change the position in the vertical plane and the velocity of its rotation. From the side opposite to the direction of movement of the harvesting device, a pin grid is located with the mechanism of change in force of finger pressure on the spike. The fingers have a concave surface and are located above the intervals of the stripping teeth in their middle part.

EFFECT: due to formation along the perimetre of the drum circumference of channels for the spikes, which are held in their channel with the grid fingers, a complete spike stripping is provided and grain losses are reduced.

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Description

The invention relates to the agricultural process of food production, in particular to the harvesting of crops. Known devices for harvesting crops by the method of stripping the ears with subsequent refinement of the combed mass in the threshing drum of the combine and cleaning on sieves / patent No. 2306691 (RU), IPC A01D 41/08. Device for harvesting grain on the vine. Devices and reapers for towing ears are complex in design, energy intensive and allow for grain loss in the form of undercutting. Known reapers / application No. 201009957 of March 16, 2010. An ear-harvester /, the design of which, in addition to towing an ear, cuts the stems, while ensuring a complete harvesting cycle of grain crops. Also known devices for towing an ear on the root of the drum type / patent No. 2299551 (RU), IPC A01D 41/08. Device for harvesting grain on the vine. In the aggregate of common essential features, technical solution / patent No. 2299551 (RU), IPC A01D 41/08. A device for towing grain on the vine / taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the known devices:

1. Large grain losses in the form of under-ear of ears and self-shedding.

2. High energy intensity of the drive of the stripping devices.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of the process of stripping the ears and reducing energy costs for driving the device.

The problem is solved due to the design of the stripping device, which is made in the form of a drum, on the surface of which stripping teeth made in the form of an equilateral triangle with equal intervals between them are rigidly fixed to the helix, and the gaps between the teeth of one row coincide with the gaps of other rows, forming the channel along the perimeter of the circumference of the drum, and above the stripping drum with an offset from its center, in the direction of movement of the harvesting unit, a blade drum is fixed with the possibility of eneniya position in a vertical plane and rotational speed, and the side opposite to the direction of movement of the cleaning unit installed Finger lattice mechanism changes the pressure force of fingers on the ear, wherein the fingers with the concave surface disposed above the stripper teeth spaced in the middle portion thereof.

EFFECT: full-fledged stripping of an ear with less losses is provided, energy consumption for driving a stripping device is reduced. The technical result is achieved through the use of combing teeth in the shape of an equilateral triangle, with equal gaps between them, which form a channel for an ear on the perimeter of the circumference of the drum, as well as through the use of a finger lattice, the fingers of which hold the ear in its channel and, as it strikes and reducing the size of the ear, ensure its entry deep into the gap between the combing teeth - to the lowest value of its size, which allows you to produce a full stripping of the ear and reduce l loss of grain in the form of undercutting. The blade drum at the same time ensures the capture of the spike part of the plants, directs it towards the stripping drum and ensures that the ears enter the bed, contributing to the improvement of the towing process.

Before entering the towing zone, ears of plants do not experience impact from the working bodies of the header, which reduces the likelihood of self-shedding of grain.

The location of the teeth on the stripping drum along a helix makes it possible to ensure uniform loading of the stripping device and to avoid impacts on its drive, as well as to brush the spike at relatively small revolutions of the stripping drum and reduce the efforts on the drive of the device.

The installation of a blade drum with an offset from the center of the stripping drum, in the direction of movement of the harvesting unit, improves the process of capturing the grain part of plants by improving the trajectory of movement and provides the necessary direction of movement of the spike and feeding it into the channel. In this case, the spike is retained in the gap between the teeth and the tow in full during rotation of the stripping drum.

The marked sides of the declared object will allow to obtain a positive economic effect from the use of food products in the agricultural production system.

The figure schematically shows a header for towing an ear. The header contains a frame 1 on which a drum 2 is mounted with combing teeth 3 made in the shape of an equilateral triangle and located along a helical line. Above the combing drum 2, a blade drum 4 is fixed, which is offset from its center, in the direction of movement of the harvesting unit. Above the combing drum 2, from the side opposite to the direction of movement of the harvesting unit, a finger lattice 5 is fixed with a mechanism 6 - regulating the pressure of the tooth on the spike. The nodes and mechanisms of the header are protected by a casing 7. The feed of the carded mass into the receiving chamber of the harvesting unit is provided by a screw 9, and then by a conveyor 8 into the drum 10. The stalks are crushed after combing the spike with a chopper 11.

The header for combing the ear works as follows.

With the translational movement of the harvesting unit, the rotary vane drum 4 of the reaper captures a strip of the spike part of the plants and directs it towards the combing drum 2, accompanying until the spike enters the gap between the combing teeth 3 into the channel at their top. At this moment, the fingers of the lattice 5, under the action of the mechanism 6, hold the spike in the channel and contribute to the partial destruction and stripping of the spike by the teeth of the first row during rotation of the stripping drum 2. At the same time, the size of the ear decreases, which allows it to penetrate deep into the gap between the teeth of the second row of combing teeth 3, where further towing occurs. The final process of towing occurs in the third row, at the base of the brushing teeth 3, with the smallest value of the gap, while reducing the likelihood of separation of the ear from the stem. The carded mass enters the auger 9, which directs it to the receiving chamber, and then is conveyed by the conveyor 8 to the drum 10 of the combine. After stripping, the stems of the plants are crushed into small parts by the grinder 11 and laid on the field surface in an even layer. This completes the harvesting process.

Claims (1)

A header for towing an ear containing a rotating drum, a conveyor and an auger, characterized in that the combing teeth made in the form of an equilateral triangle with equal intervals between them are rigidly fixed on the surface of the drum along a helix, and the gaps between the teeth of one row coincide with at intervals of other rows, forming a channel along the perimeter of the circumference of the drum, and above the drum with an offset from its center in the direction of movement of the harvesting unit, a blade drum is fixed with the possibility of changing the polo In the vertical plane and the speed of its rotation, and from the side opposite to the direction of movement of the harvesting unit, a finger grate is installed with a mechanism for changing the pressure force of the fingers on the ear, and fingers with a concave surface are located above the gaps of the brushing teeth in the middle part.

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