RU2519868C1 - Grain combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: grain combine harvester comprises the wiping drum, the auger, the conveyor, the cutting machine. On each blade of the blade drum with the ability of changing the position relative to the surface of the rubber-coated drum the combing toe is fixed with the corrugated surface and two-row toothed comb. The gap between the teeth of one row of the comb coincides with the gap of another row to form the beds to capture the stem with the head. The wiping drum with the over-drum device is mounted at the output of the conveyor of the reaper. One side of the over-drum device is pivotally mounted, and the other is arranged with the ability to change the position relative to the surface of the drum. Over the wiping drum a fan with an adjustable flow of air and a grain flow divider are mounted, which is mounted with the ability to move in a horizontal plane. On the frame of the harvester two storage hoppers are mounted, one of which is for the grain, and the other - for substandard product.

EFFECT: use of present invention enables to simplify the harvester design and to reduce the energy consumption when harvesting.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the production of grain harvesting equipment.

Known combine harvesters with a reaper combining type, the working body of which is a rotating rotor with teeth of a special shape. With the forward movement of the combine, the teeth of the rotating rotor comb the plants up and open the ears from the stems. The energy intensity of the technological process of the harvester in this case does not decrease. High energy costs are required to drive the rotor of the comb header and combine used for direct combine harvesting. In addition, during the operation of the unit there are violations of the technological process of harvesting - grain loss, in the form of passes of plants with an unbroken spike. Grain harvesting units are also known in which an air stream is used to separate impurities from grain. When harvesting crops located at a considerable distance from stationary points of post-harvest completion of harvested heaps of grain, their use is irrational.

By the totality of common essential features, this technical solution is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the known devices.

1. High energy consumption of the technological process of harvesting grain crops.

2. Loss of grain in the form of undercutting.

3. The complexity of the design of the combine harvester.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the energy intensity of the technological process of harvesting crops and simplifying the design of the combine. The task is achieved through the use of a combing header, on which a combing tab with a grooved surface and a two-row tooth comb are fixed on each blade of the blade drum with the possibility of changing position relative to the surface of the rubberized drum, and the gap between the teeth of one row of the comb coincides with the gap of the other row to capture the stem with an ear, a wiper drum with a concave fixed above it is installed at the output of the header conveyor, while one side of the concave is fixed pivotally, and the other is installed with the possibility of changing the position relative to the surface of the drum, moreover, under the wiper drum there is a fan with an adjustable air flow and a grain flow separator mounted for horizontal movement, and two storage bins are installed on the frame of the combine, one of which marketable grains, and another - for non-standard.

EFFECT: energy intensity of the technological process of cleaning is reduced, and the design of the combine is simplified.

The technical result is achieved through the use of a double-row tooth comb in the header design in combination with a combing foot. When towing, the spike is exposed to the first row of the comb, partially destroys it, then secondarily in the second row and finally the foot with a corrugated surface. At the same time, a full-fledged tow of ears is achieved. The carded mass represents particles of the leaves of the stem, particles of the base of the ear and grain in the biological membrane.

The use of a wiper drum in combination with a concave, fixed with the possibility of changing the position relative to the surface of the wiper drum, helps to grind the carded mass into smaller particles, free grain from the biological shell and creates an oriented direction of movement of the crushed mass relative to the air flow created by the fan.

Mounting the grain flow separator with the ability to move in the horizontal plane allows you to get marketable grain and substandard grain, eliminating the process of separating impurities on the straw walker and sieve mill, while eliminating the need for their use in the proposed design of the combine, which makes its design simpler and less expensive Maintenance.

The separation of the grain mass in the process of harvesting for commercial grade and non-standard grain reduces the process of post-harvest refinement at stationary points, while reducing the complexity of production of a unit of production and shortening the harvesting time.

The noted positive aspects of the claimed object allow to obtain an economic effect and wide practical application.

The drawing schematically shows a combine harvester of the proposed design. The harvester contains a header 1 with a blade drum, on each of its blades 2 a double row tooth comb 3 and a combing foot 4 are fixed, a rubberized drum 5, auger 6 and a conveyor 7 are installed under the blade drum. A wiper drum 8 with a grooved surface and a concave 9 is installed at its output with the possibility of changing position relative to the surface of the drum. Under the wiper drum, a fan 10 with an adjustable air flow is installed, as well as a grain flow separator 11, with screws 12 and 13 and an air duct 14, and two storage bins 15 are mounted on the frame of the combine, one of them for marketable grain, the other for substandard, stalks with combed ears are cut with a cutting device 16.

The harvester works as follows.

During the forward movement of the combine, each blade 2 of the drum, rotating, grabs a strip of stems, distributes them between the teeth of the comb 3, while the teeth of the upper row destroy the integrity of the spike, partially combing it, then the spike, falling into the smallest depth between the teeth of the second row its value, where the spike is towed to a greater extent, and the final tow is provided by the tab 4 with a corrugated surface at the moment of contact with the surface of the rubberized drum 5.

The carded mass by the screw 6 is fed to the conveyor 7, and then by the conveyor to the wiping drum 8 into the space between the over-drum 9 and the surface of the wiping drum. Due to the inertial forces of the drum and the friction forces that occur between the surface of the drum and the surface of the concave, the heap of the carded mass is crushed into smaller particles, and the grain is freed from the biological shell, while the structure of the concave orientes the ground mass relative to the air flow created by the fan.

The air flow, penetrating a pile of crushed mass, emits small organic impurities from it and displays them through the duct 14 outside the combine. The bulk goes to the grain flow separator 11, in which the grain mass is divided into marketable grain and substandard with impurities. Each of them enters the storage hopper 15, designed for the corresponding fraction by screws 12, 13. The stems are cut off with a cutting device 16 after towing the ear.

Information sources

- RU No. 2437269 C1, A01D 41/08 / Samara State Agricultural Academy / 12/27/2011.

- RU No. 2449529 C1, A01D 41/08 / Far Eastern State University / 05/10/2012.

- RU No. 2219990 C2 / Ponamarev Gennady Viktorovich / 04/20/2008.

- JP 6237635 A / KUBOTA OACR / 08.30.1994.

- JP 2001204234 A / ISEKI | LTD / 07/31/2001.

Claims (1)

Combine harvester containing a blade drum, wiper drum, screw, conveyor, cutting apparatus, characterized in that on each blade of the blade drum with the ability to change position relative to the surface of the rubberized drum fixed combing tab with a grooved surface and a double row tooth comb, and the gap between the teeth of one row of combs coincides with the gap of another row for the formation of lodges to capture the stem with an ear, and the wiper drum with a concave fixed over it is mounted at the outlet of the header conveyor, while one side of the over-drum is hinged, and the other is mounted with the possibility of changing position relative to the surface of the drum, moreover, under the wiper drum there is a fan with an adjustable air flow and a grain flow separator installed with the ability to move in a horizontal plane, and The combine frame has two storage bins, one of which is for commercial grade grain, and the other for substandard grain.

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