CN106888679A - Self-propelled fresh corn harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a self-propelled fresh corn harvester, which comprises a chassis assembly, a harvesting assembly, a transmission assembly, an aggregate assembly, a driving assembly and a driving assembly, wherein the harvesting assembly, the driving assembly and the aggregate assembly are sequentially arranged on the chassis assembly, the transmission assembly is arranged across the chassis assembly, the driving assembly provides power drive for the mechanical motion of the whole machine, the harvesting assembly is used for harvesting corn ears and stalks, and the transmission assembly is used for respectively and independently transmitting the whole corn, the harvested corn ears and the harvested corn stalks to the aggregate assembly. Compared with the prior art, the harvester provided by the invention is specially suitable for the planting environment of fresh corn in China, has the functions of harvesting stems and ears, can harvest without rows, does not need manual assistance, can fully automatically harvest and aggregate, and reduces the cost; in addition, the self-propelled fresh-eating corn harvester provided by the invention reduces the damage rate of the ears, increases the total recovery amount of the stalks and improves the income.

Description

Self-propelled Fresh Corn Harvester

technical field

The invention relates to automatic agricultural machinery equipment, in particular to a fresh corn harvester, in particular to a fully automatic stem and ear harvesting type self-propelled fresh corn harvester.

Background technique

Grain corn harvesting is to use machinery to complete multiple operations such as ear picking, stacking, and stalk return to the field at one time after the corn wax is cooked. The difference between fresh corn harvesting and grain corn harvesting is that fresh corn harvesting is done in corn milk. Harvested when ripe.

According to reports, my country's grain corn harvesting technology has become mature, and its main process is: use a grain corn harvester to pick ears under the corn growth state (called standing stalk picking), and use the ear picking rollers and ear picking boards to pick ears. Under the action, the ear stalk is pulled off. The cutter cuts the straw from the root and then enters the crushing mechanism for chopping. After chopping, the straw falls to the ground naturally. Then the ears are transported to the field, peeled with a peeling machine, and threshed after drying. At this stage, the research and production of corn harvesters at home and abroad have matured, and the corn harvesting (including grain and straw silage) in the United States, Germany, Ukraine, Russia and other western countries has basically realized mechanized operations. According to different regional conditions and farming methods, countries have adopted corresponding harvesting methods: in the United States, Canada and Western European countries, due to the low moisture content of corn kernels during harvesting, corn combine harvesters are generally replaced with corn headers. The harvesting method of direct threshing adopts grain combine harvester (direct harvesting of corn kernels) for direct harvesting and storage in large areas; while in Russia, Ukraine and some countries in Eastern Europe, due to the high moisture content of corn kernels during the harvest period, it is not suitable for direct threshing, so it is used The special corn combine harvester is widely used to harvest corn ears, and the special corn harvesting machinery (harvesting corn ears) is widely used, which can carry out joint operations of ear picking, ear peeling and silage to achieve both stem and ear harvesting. Limited by the current planting mode, the harvesting method in my country is mainly based on whole ear harvesting, and there are fewer models for directly harvesting corn kernels. The main models of grain corn harvesters are divided into single-row type, backpack type, traction type, and multi-row type. Self-propelled, stem and fringe harvesting and non-traveling, especially backpack-based.

What's more worth mentioning is that, compared with grain corn harvesting technology, my country's fresh corn mechanical harvesting is only in the exploratory stage, and there are still a lot of technical gaps. In the context of China's deepening urbanization, the government encourages farmers to work in cities. The number of left-behind population is decreasing year by year, and labor costs are getting higher and higher. In order to reduce costs, all fresh corn production areas tend to be more mechanized. However, due to the limitations of existing technologies, the development of fresh corn harvesting technology in China has encountered the following problems:

1. It is not suitable for the planting environment of China's fresh corn production areas

U.S. Patent US2014/0059994A1 discloses a fresh corn harvester. The fresh corn harvester is specially designed for concentrated contiguous large-area dry farming in the United States. It is limited to harvesting in rows, and the whole machine is heavy and With a long fuselage, this type of fresh corn harvester is mainly manufactured by the American Oxbo company. However, most of the fresh corn harvesters in China are paddy fields with deep mud feet and small areas. Currently, only the fresh corn harvesters manufactured by a Chinese company that have been improved by a Chinese company for small farms in China are currently on the market. The fresh corn harvester only reduces the size of the machine designed by Oxbo, and has not made substantial improvements because most of the fresh corn is grown in paddy fields in China. Since the fresh corn production areas in my country mainly have the following planting environments: wet and soft fields that are prone to subsidence, flat or sloping land without furrows, and fields with furrows. These fields have high requirements for corn harvesting machines, which usually need to climb over ditches, climb slopes, and perform misaligned harvesting. However, the large and small fresh corn harvesting equipment sold on the market can not meet the needs of misaligned harvesting, and their harvesting The methods are easy to trap cars, large turning radius, low harvesting efficiency, high grounding specific pressure, easy to collapse the land and cause deep pits and water accumulation, thereby destroying farmland and resulting in crop production reduction and other defects.

2. It does not have the function of harvesting both stems and ears

According to the 2014 China Statistical Yearbook, as the two pillar industries of China's agricultural production, as of the end of 2013, the total planting area of crops in China reached 164,626.9 thousand hectares, of which the planting area of corn was 36318.4 thousand hectares; the number of livestock breeding in China was as high as 118.532 million head, of which the number of livestock cattle was 103.851 million. As a major economic crop, corn plays an indispensable role in the fields of new energy and chemical industry, and corn is often used as raw material for livestock cattle breeding. For example: corn kernels can be used as raw materials for food processing, livestock feed and industrial processing, while corn stalks can be used as fertilizer to return to the field, or high-energy feed for livestock, especially cattle. What's more valuable is that corn stalks can already replace part of corn kernels for feeding Livestock, greatly reducing the cost of feeding. However, although the fresh corn harvesters on the market can cut corn stalks, they do not have the function of harvesting both stems and ears. The machine can only cut off corn stalks and discard them in the field. Straw can also be used as fertilizer for returning to the field. However, when fresh corn is harvested, the water content of corn stalks is often too high to be used as fertilizer. It needs to be manually recycled and then processed. It is extremely difficult to use it for other purposes. Inconvenient and cost prohibitive. In addition, even if there is a machine with the function of harvesting both stems and ears, it is very troublesome to pull the corn stalks harvested by the machine to a special processing site for cutting.

3. The ear damage rate is high

The main principle of grain corn harvesting is to pull down the ear stalks under the action of ear picking rollers and ear picking boards. It is necessary to rely on strong pulling pair of rollers to separate ear and stem. The corn harvesting method is very easy to damage the grains at the bottom of the ears that are in contact with the stalks, and the ear damage rate is too high. Therefore, the acceptance of the above-mentioned corn harvesters by farmers is low, and grain corn harvesters are completely unsuitable. Harvested in fresh corn.

4. Low degree of mechanization

At present, my country has formed two major fresh corn production areas in the north and south. The first is the northern fresh corn area, including the three northeastern provinces, Inner Mongolia and other regions; the second is the southern fresh corn area, including Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan and other regions. Due to the high cost of labor and logistics, in the past year, there has been news that no one cares about the corn in Dongfang City, Hainan Province. If the degree of mechanization is high and the harvesting speed of corn is fast, it can be sold to all parts of the country when the fresh corn is the freshest, so as to break through the restriction of unsalable fresh corn locally.

Based on the above technical problems, it can be seen that the mechanized harvesting technology of fresh corn in my country has not yet started, and it has become a bottleneck that seriously restricts the development of the fresh corn industry; The development of combined harvesting, non-row harvesting, harvesting without damage to ears, and removal of impurities on ears has special practical significance. Therefore, it has become an urgent task to break through the mechanization of fresh corn harvesting.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a self-propelled fresh corn harvester, which can be highly adapted to the origin of fresh corn in China, thereby being suitable for the planting environment of fresh corn in China. The self-propelled fresh corn harvester has excellent economic and environmental benefits.

For realizing above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows:

Self-propelled fresh corn harvester, including chassis assembly, harvesting assembly, conveying assembly, aggregate assembly, driving assembly and driving assembly, among them, harvesting assembly, driving assembly, and aggregate assembly in sequence Set on the chassis assembly, the transmission assembly straddles the chassis assembly, the drive assembly provides power for the mechanical movement of the whole machine, the harvesting assembly is used to harvest corn ears and stalks, and the transmission assembly is used for independent transmission The whole corn, the harvested corn ears and the harvested corn stalks are connected to the aggregate assembly. The aggregate assembly is used to carry the harvested corn ears and stems, and the driving assembly is used to control the whole machine to complete the harvest.

Preferably, the chassis assembly includes a frame and a pair of crawler running gears arranged on both sides of the frame and movably connected. The crawler running gears can adopt structures in the prior art, and will not be repeated here.

Preferably, the frame includes a frame body, a first suspension and a second suspension, and the first suspension and the second suspension are respectively movably connected to the same side of the frame body.

More preferably, the first suspension and the second suspension are respectively hinged to the front end of the frame main body, and the first suspension is higher than the second suspension.

More preferably, in order to overcome the defects that the corn harvester in the prior art is easy to destroy the corn farmland and the passing performance of the whole machine on the slope of the field is low, the self-propelled fresh corn harvester provided by the present invention The crawler running mechanism adopts rubber crawlers, and the crawler width B is not greater than the width of the furrow in the southern field, generally not greater than 0.4m, and the crawler spacing K is greater than the ridge width of the southern fresh corn field, generally 0.8-1.2mm.

It is worth mentioning that, in order to improve the passing performance of the crawler running mechanism, the lowest part of the bottom part of the chassis assembly located in the middle of the two crawlers is 350mm higher than the bottom surface of the crawler.

Preferably, the cockpit assembly includes a cockpit mechanism, a cockpit mechanism and an operating mechanism, wherein the cockpit mechanism is installed on the chassis assembly, and correspondingly, the cockpit mechanism and the operating mechanism are arranged in the cockpit mechanism.

Preferably, the aggregate assembly includes ear collection bins and stalk collection bins, which are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the frame assembly.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a self-propelled fresh corn harvester with the function of harvesting both stems and ears, that is, a self-propelled fresh corn harvester that can harvest ears and crush stalks at the same time, and can be fully automatic Harvested without manual handling.

In the above-mentioned self-propelled fresh corn harvester, the harvesting assembly includes a stubble cutting mechanism, an ear harvesting mechanism and a stalk harvesting mechanism that are sequentially arranged on the chassis assembly along the traveling direction from front to back. The bottom is cut away from the ground, and then the ear and the stalk are harvested by the ear harvesting mechanism and the stalk harvesting mechanism respectively.

Preferably, in order to coordinate the harvesting of the whole crop, the stubble cutting mechanism, the ear harvesting mechanism and the stalk harvesting mechanism are arranged in sequence, that is, the stubble cutting mechanism and the stalk harvesting mechanism are arranged at both ends of the fruit ear harvesting mechanism, in other words, The stalk harvesting mechanism, the ear harvesting mechanism and the stubble cutting mechanism are sequentially arranged along the harvesting direction of the complete machine.

It is worth mentioning that, in order to facilitate the cooperative operation of the stubble harvesting mechanism, the ear harvesting mechanism and the stem harvesting mechanism, the ear harvesting mechanism, the stem harvesting mechanism and the stubble harvesting mechanism are arranged in order from top to bottom. Specifically, the stubble harvesting mechanism The mechanism is arranged at the front and lower part of the ear harvesting mechanism and the stalk harvesting mechanism, and the stalk harvesting mechanism is arranged at the rear and lower part of the ear harvesting mechanism.

Preferably, the stubble cutting mechanism is movably connected with the second suspension.

Preferably, the stubble cutting mechanism includes a swing box and a reciprocating cutter, and the swing box converts the rotary motion into linear reciprocating motion to drive the reciprocating cutter so as to cut the crops off the ground.

Preferably, the ear harvesting mechanism is movably connected with the first suspension.

Preferably, the ear harvesting mechanism includes at least one ear separation assembly, the ear separation assembly includes a pair of ear separation rollers and an ear separation roller suspension, and the ear separation roller is movably connected with the ear separation roller suspension.

More preferably, each pair of ear separation rollers (also known as ear separation roller pairs) is arranged in parallel but not attached.

Preferably, the stalk harvesting mechanism is movably connected with the second suspension.

Preferably, the stalk crushing assembly completes the cutting with the cooperation of the fixed knife and the moving knife. In other words, when the fixed knife is fixed, it completes the cutting with the self-rotating moving knife, and the moving knife and the fixed knife are independently connected to the second suspension; wherein, The fixed knife can be fixedly connected with the second suspension through the fixed knife fixing piece.

Preferably, the stalk harvesting mechanism includes at least one stalk crushing assembly, the stalk crushing assembly includes a fixed knife and a moving knife, the fixed knife is fixed to the second suspension, and the moving knife is fixed to the second suspension through a transmission shaft that drives it to rotate .

It is worth mentioning that, in order to improve the crushing efficiency of the stalk crushing assembly, the inventor set the moving knife as a ratchet moving knife set, that is, a ratchet is connected to the transmission shaft in a keyed manner, and multiple moving knives are respectively set. A ratchet moving knife group is formed on the gear teeth of the ratchet wheel. At this time, each time the transmission shaft rotates, the stalk will be cut multiple times by multiple moving knives. As a preferred embodiment, a plurality of ratchets are arranged on the transmission shaft to simultaneously fix a movable knife.

In addition, in order to facilitate the replacement of the fixed knife, a fixed knife fixing piece can be added to connect the fixed knife and the second suspension. In order to facilitate the quick disassembly of the fixed knife and the moving knife, bolts are used to connect the fixed knife and the fixing part of the fixed knife, and between the moving knife and the ratchet.

As a preferred embodiment, the moving knife is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft, and the self-rotation of the moving knife is driven by the transmission of the transmission shaft and the transmission sprocket. Rotate the transmission shaft and the spline fixed on the transmission shaft, and then drive and rotate the movable knife, so as to complete the cooperative cutting and crushing between the movable knife and the fixed knife; wherein, the movable knife is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft through the fixed part of the movable knife, and through the key The connection realizes the fixed connection between the fixed part of the moving knife and the transmission shaft, thereby ensuring the stability of the movement of the moving knife.

More preferably, the number of stalk crushing assemblies matches the number of ear separation assemblies. When there are multiple stalk crushing assemblies, in order to simplify the equipment structure and maintain the stability of the crushing process, multiple stalk crushing assemblies can share a fixed knife to cooperate Their respective moving knives are used; for example, when there are two stalk crushing components, there are also two moving knives, but there is only one fixed knife used in conjunction.

In addition, due to the limitations of the existing technology, other crop stubble cutting mechanisms known on the market are too high from the ground, such as wheat stubble cutting mechanisms, so they cannot be directly used, and the self-propelled fresh corn harvester will leave behind after harvesting. The stalks in the corn field are too high, resulting in waste. Therefore, in order to achieve the greatest economic benefits, the inventor set the height of the stubble cutting mechanism to be adjustable, which can be realized by adding a height adjustment component; the height adjustment component is also It consists of a pair of hydraulic ejector rods, one end of each hydraulic ejector rod is hinged on the frame body of the chassis assembly, and the other end is hinged on the second suspension, so that the height of the front end of the stubble cutting mechanism can be adjusted from the ground to In this way, the adaptability of different corn planting plots (note: there are ridge planting plots or flat planting plots), not only makes the stalks harvested as much as possible when fresh corn is harvested, but also improves the overall passing performance of the harvester.

It should be noted that, since the growth position of each ear on the whole plant of fresh corn is different, in order to achieve the purpose of fully automatic harvesting, the inventor set the ear separating roller pair in a non-horizontal direction, and passed the ear separating roller pair and the first suspension. The size of the included angle can be used to separate and harvest the ears of different heights on the whole plant of fresh corn, so that the ears of fresh corn with different growth heights can be harvested from the stalk; that is, the pair of ear separation rollers The head is higher than the tail; in other words, the head of the ear separation roller pair is hinged on the front end of the first suspension, the tail is movably connected with the ear separation roller suspension, and the ear separation roller suspension is hinged on the rear end of the first suspension.

It is worth mentioning that, in view of the above harvesting requirements, in order to ensure the stability of the ear harvesting structure, the inventor found through research and a large number of experiments that it is not suitable to set the suspension of the ear separation roller as a straight line structure when harvesting the ear. If the pair of ear separation rollers and the suspension of the ear separation rollers are set at a shooting angle, it will interfere with the adjustment of the subsequent stalk transmission and harvesting angle, and there will be a phenomenon that the stalks of fresh corn will be separated from the transmission assembly after the ears are separated. Therefore, the inventor creatively designs the suspension of the ear separation roller into a hinged two-stage structure. In other words, the height of the suspension of the ear separation roller is adjustable. The roller suspension is a polygon. Correspondingly, the two sections of the suspension are respectively connected to the pair of ear separation rollers and the first suspension. At this time, the suspension of the ear separation roller is in a non-linear state, which can be adjusted by adjusting the clip of the ear separation suspension. Angle to realize the adjustment of the angle between the ear separation roller pair and the first suspension, so as to realize the adjustable harvesting angle.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a self-propelled fresh corn harvester, which can realize automatic material transmission while fully automatic stem and ear harvesting. In the above-mentioned self-propelled fresh corn harvester, corresponding to the stalk harvesting mechanism and ear harvesting mechanism of the harvesting assembly, the transmission assembly includes a stalk transmission mechanism and an ear transmission mechanism, and the transmission assembly also includes a branch clamping mechanism, The whole plant used to separate the crops from the ground by the stubble cutting mechanism is combed and sent to the harvesting assembly; wherein, the branch clamping mechanism, the stalk conveying mechanism and the fruit ear conveying mechanism are independently connected to the chassis assembly.

Preferably, the branch clamping mechanism is arranged on the first suspension.

Preferably, the branch clamping mechanism includes at least one branch assembly and at least one clamping assembly, along the forward direction of the self-propelled fresh corn harvester, the branch assembly is fixed on the front end of the first suspension, and the clamping assembly is connected to the branch assembly The end of the transmission is fixed on the first suspension and is parallel to the two sides of the first suspension. In other words, the branch assembly is used in conjunction with the end-to-end clamping assembly.

More preferably, the branching assembly is used to send the whole corn into the clamping assembly independently in turn for subsequent transmission. In a preferred embodiment, the grain dividing member can adopt a star wheel, a ratchet or other forms in the prior art, wherein the gap between each driving tooth should not be greater than the diameter of the corn stalk.

Still further preferably, there are multiple grain dividing parts and they are used together, and every two grain dividing parts are used in conjunction with a clamping assembly. Dial into the clamping assembly. In addition, the cutting parts with different tooth gaps can be replaced to meet the harvesting requirements of fresh corn with different stalk cross-sectional sizes.

As a further preferred solution, in order to expand the harvesting width and realize non-alignment harvesting, the grain dividing piece is used in conjunction with a reel sprocket chain group; as a preferred embodiment, the grain dividing piece and the reel sprocket chain The outer meshing realizes the increase of the width of corn collection and grain distribution.

As a further preferred embodiment, the reeling sprocket chain set is made up of a plurality of gears and a chain meshed with it, and the chain is provided with a plurality of reeling teeth, and the reeling teeth are externally meshed with the grain dividing star wheel; The gears are independently fixed on the first suspension; the gears are driven and rotated by the drive assembly, and the chain is driven, so that the reeling teeth move with the chain movement direction, and cooperate with the external meshing star wheels to make the crops enter meshing in turn In the gap, it is transmitted in an orderly manner with the rotation of the star wheel. More preferably, the reel sprocket chain set has three gears, and the three gears mesh with the chain respectively and make the chain form a triangle. At this time, the transmission of the chain set is the most stable; correspondingly, in the reel sprocket chain set One side of the bat teeth is provided with at least one grain dividing piece that meshes with the outside. At this time, the crops can be transmitted in two directions from the outside to the inside and then forward to the back under the transmission of the branch components, so that the harvesting of fresh corn plants in a certain area in front of the harvester can be realized. At the same time, when a large number of fresh corn plants are harvested It can also be transmitted sequentially to avoid congestion.

It is worth mentioning that, in order to make the crops more smoothly combed and transported in the branch assembly, the branch clamping mechanism is provided with at least one branch assembly on the second suspension to cooperate with the branch assembly arranged on the first suspension to carry out crop For combing, the splitting components of the first and second suspensions are set in mirror images; Grass transmission, the synergy of the upper and lower branch components can make the carding of the crops more stable and smooth. The structure and connection relationship of the branch components on the second suspension are consistent with the aforementioned branch components, and will not be repeated here.

More preferably, the clamping assembly is at least a pair of parallel and closely attached clamping transmission parts, the clamping transmission part includes a transmission wheel and a conveyor belt, and the transmission belt is sleeved on the transmission wheel and driven accordingly.

Furthermore, the conveyor belt holding the conveying element is socketed with the grain dividing element and/or the reel sprocket chain set of the branching assembly connected to it, so as to realize the synchronization and matching of the conveying speed of the clamping assembly and the branching assembly.

Furthermore, in order to improve the stability of the conveyor belt clamping transmission, the clamping transmission part is also provided with a number of clamping pulleys that are adjacent to the axes of the two attached conveyor belts, and the clamping pulleys are fixed on the first suspension; when each The clamping pulley exerts a pressure on the conveyor belt to the abutment surface to ensure that the two conveyor belts produce a radial clamping force on the crops entering between the conveyor belts and can clamp and transmit them forward and backward.

Furthermore, in order to ensure that the conveyor belt will not loosen and fall off from the clamping transmission part, a clamping tension wheel set is also added in the clamping transmission part. The clamping tension wheel set includes two clamping tension wheels and a connecting two The connecting piece of the wheel, the two clamping tension wheels apply a tension force to it from the conveyor belts on the two outer sides of the clamping assembly respectively, and the clamping tension wheel group is fixed on the first suspension, as a preferred embodiment , clamping tensioner wheel set fixed on the end of the transmission belt.

Furthermore, in actual operation, because the transmission speed of the branch assembly is faster than that of the clamping assembly and the fresh corn plants are likely to cause congestion outside the branch clamping mechanism, or the transmission speed of the branch assembly is slower than that of the clamping assembly, it is easy to cause low harvesting efficiency, so In order to avoid the above-mentioned problems, the drive wheel for clamping the conveying part is driven by a motor as the drive of the branch clamping mechanism, the drive wheel drives the conveyor belt, and then drives the grain dividing part and/or the sprocket chain set connected with the conveyor belt , and finally drive other multiple grain-distributing parts.

Preferably, in actual harvesting, since the height of each plant of fresh corn is different, in order to avoid the situation that the self-propelled fresh corn harvester cannot hold a certain plant of shorter fresh corn, similar to the ear harvesting mechanism, the branch The clamping mechanism is also provided with a height adjustment assembly. Similarly, the height adjustment assembly is composed of a pair of hydraulic jacks. One end of each hydraulic jack is hinged to the main body of the frame, and the other end is hinged to the first suspension. Workers can pass The length of the hydraulic ejector rod on the first suspension is adjusted to adjust the height of the branch clamping mechanism from the ground, so that the height of the branch clamping mechanism can be adjusted up or down according to the height of the crops. At the same time, since the ear harvesting mechanism is fixed on the first suspension, the height of the ear harvesting mechanism from the ground is also adjustable to meet the needs of different crops and operating environments for harvesting height.

Preferably, both the ear conveying mechanism and the stalk conveying mechanism straddle the second suspension and the frame main body.

Preferably, considering that the ear transmission path needs to avoid the driving assembly, and considering that the ear transmission process can also be vacated to remove impurities, the ear transmission mechanism includes at least one transmission component, which is used to transmit the harvested ears to the aggregate assembly. as a preferred embodiment, the ear transmission mechanism can be set as a multi-stage transmission assembly, specifically, including sequentially connected first-level transmission assembly, second-level transmission assembly, third-level transmission assembly and fourth-level transmission Assemblies, wherein, the first-level transmission component, the second-level transmission component, and the third-level transmission component are all hinged to the second suspension, and one end of the fourth-level transmission component is hinged to the frame body, and the other end is connected to the aggregate assembly.

Further, the first-level transmission components are arranged parallel to the front end of the first suspension, the second-level transmission components are arranged parallel to the first-level transmission components, and the third and fourth-level transmission components are arranged vertically to the first and second-level transmission components .

Further, the conveying component can be any machine with conveying function in the prior art, such as a conveyor belt, which will not be described in detail here.

Preferably, the stalk delivery mechanism includes a stalk delivery component and a stalk throwing component, wherein the stalk delivery component is arranged on the second suspension and is located at the delivery end of the clamping component, and the stalk delivery component straddles the The second suspension and the frame main body have one end positioned directly below the stalk harvesting mechanism, and the other end connected to the stalk collection bin.

More preferably, the stalk pushing assembly includes a stalk pushing member and a stalk pull-down member connected in sequence, specifically, the stalk pushing member is arranged directly below the end of the clamping assembly, and the stalk pull-down member is arranged at the end of the stem Right above the stalk crushing mechanism.

More preferably, the stalk throwing assembly includes a bellows body, a bellows blade and a blower, the bellows has an air inlet on its upper surface, the bellows blades are located in the bellows, one end of the blower is connected to the bellows, and the other One end is connected to the stalk collection bin; the bellows body is fixed on the second suspension, and its air inlet and material inlet are arranged directly below the stalk crushing assembly, and the blower is arranged across the second suspension and the frame main body.

It is worth mentioning that the further advantage of the present invention is also reflected in that the self-propelled fresh corn harvester provided can solve the problem of inappropriate harvesting in the prior art. Specifically, the transmission assembly is also provided with a carding guide mechanism and The branch clamping mechanism is used in conjunction with the carding guide mechanism, which is set at the front end of the first suspension, and is used to comb the corn into rows, which can prevent a large number of crops from being squeezed into the transmission assembly at the same time, so that the harvesting assembly is jammed, resulting in machine failure and The problem of crop loss.

Preferably, the combing guide mechanism is arranged at the front end of the branch assembly and consists of at least one combing guide.

More preferably, a guide channel with decreasing width along the traveling direction of the crops is formed between adjacent combing guides, so that the number of crops entering the harvester can be combed and guided and controlled within an appropriate range.

As a preferred embodiment, the combing guide can be a hollow fan-shaped carding guide with a tapered end wound by wire, or a carding guide in the form of a fan-shaped plate; and the tail of the carding guide is arranged on the branch Wo pieces above.

In addition, in order to make the outermost crops smoothly enter the branch clamping mechanism, the carding guide mechanism includes at least one linear guide, which is arranged on the outermost branch assembly of the first suspension, at this time, the carding guide mechanism can be realized with Collection, grooming and guidance of corn plants of the same width as the first suspension.

Compared with prior art, the advantage of the present invention is:

1. Provided a self-propelled fresh corn harvester specially suitable for the planting environment of fresh corn in China. It has a large ground area and small specific pressure, so it is not easy to subside and crush the farmland, which improves the machine's ability to stand on the edge of the field. The ability to pass through slopes and the unilateral braking of the crawler traveling mechanism can provide a smaller turning radius and improve the working efficiency of the machine.

2. The existing corn harvester is more suitable for grain corn harvesting. The machine can only cut off the corn stalks and discard them in the field. Compared with fresh corn, it needs to be picked up manually. The self-propelled fresh corn The corn harvester has the function of harvesting both stems and ears, and also realizes the function of fully automatic harvesting and collecting materials, without manual assistance, reducing costs.

3. The self-propelled fresh corn harvester provided by the present invention can harvest corn with different row spacings and has strong adaptability.

4. The ear harvesting method provided by the present invention avoids the situation that the machine clamps the ear of fresh corn, reduces the ear damage rate, and improves the selling price of corn.

5. The self-propelled fresh corn harvester provided by the present invention can harvest the stalks of the fresh corn to the greatest extent, increase the total amount of stalks recovered, and increase farmers' income.

In addition, it meets the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction, so its application prospect is very broad.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the preferred embodiment right view of self-propelled fresh corn harvester provided by the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the preferred embodiment left view of the self-propelled fresh corn harvester provided by the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional view of harvesting assembly provided by the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the ear harvesting mechanism provided by the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the stalk harvesting mechanism provided by the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the working principle diagram of corn branch clamping and ear non-destructive harvesting provided by the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the branch assembly provided by the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of another preferred embodiment of the branch assembly provided by the present invention;

Fig. 9 is the working principle diagram of the ear conveying mechanism provided by the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of stalk feeding and crushing and harvesting provided by the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the stalk delivery assembly provided by the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a working principle diagram of the stalk throwing assembly provided by the present invention;

In the picture:

1. Chassis assembly, 11. Frame, 111. Frame main body, 112. First suspension, 113. Second suspension, 114. Height adjustment assembly, 12. Crawler running mechanism;

2. Harvesting assembly, 21. Stubble cutting mechanism, 22. Ear harvesting mechanism, 221. Ear separation component, 2211. Ear separation roller, 2212. Ear separation roller suspension, 23. Stem harvesting mechanism, 231. Stem crushing Assembly 2311, fixed knife, 2312, moving knife, 2313, transmission shaft, 2314, ratchet moving knife group, 2315, fixed knife fixing part;

3. Transmission assembly, 31. Branch clamping mechanism, 311. Branch assembly, 3111. Grain reeling sprocket chain group, 31111. Gear, 31112. Chain, 31113. Grain reeling teeth, 3112. Grain distribution star wheel, 312, Clamping assembly, 3121, clamping transmission part, 31211, transmission wheel, 31212, clamping pulley, 3123, clamping tension wheel group, 31231, clamping tension wheel, 32, ear transmission mechanism, 321, first Stage conveying assembly, 3211, blocking plate, 3212, baffle plate, 322, second stage conveying assembly, 323, third stage conveying belt assembly, 324, fourth stage conveying belt assembly, 33, stalk conveying mechanism, 331, stem dial Feed assembly, 3311, stem feeder, 33111, stem guide, 33112, feed chain set, 331121, feed wheel, 331122, feed chain, 331123, feed tooth, 3312, stem pull down, 33121. Screw pusher roller, 332. Stem throwing assembly, 3321. Bellows body, 3322. Bellows blades, 3323. Air cylinder, 3324. Air inlet, 34. Carding guide mechanism, 341. Carding guide , 342, linear guides;

4. Aggregate assembly, 41. Ear collection bin, 42. Stem collection bin;

5, driving assembly, 51, cockpit mechanism, 52, driver's seat mechanism, 53, operating mechanism.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in further detail and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are the preferred implementation schematic diagrams of self-propelled fresh corn harvester provided by the present invention, as shown in Fig. 1, this self-propelled fresh corn harvester comprises chassis assembly, harvesting assembly, transmission assembly assembly, aggregate assembly, driving assembly, and drive assembly, among them, the chassis assembly is the carrier of other assemblies, and the harvesting assembly, driving assembly, and aggregate assembly are sequentially arranged on the chassis assembly along the X direction in Figure 1. In terms of assembly, the harvesting assembly and the aggregate assembly are respectively arranged at both ends of the driving assembly. The transmission assembly straddles the chassis assembly. The drive assembly provides power for the mechanical movement of the whole machine. The harvesting assembly is used to harvest corn ears and stalks. Corn ears and harvested corn stalks go to the aggregate assembly. The aggregate assembly is used to carry the harvested corn ears and stalks. The driving assembly is used to control the whole machine to complete the harvest. At this time, the operation process of the whole machine is: the worker drives the self-propelled fresh corn harvester in the driving assembly to advance, retreat and turn in the corn field, and controls the harvesting assembly and the transmission assembly to harvest crops and materials respectively. Transmission, the final control transmission assembly transmits the harvested crops to the aggregate assembly to complete the harvesting of the entire crop. Correspondingly, the conveying process of materials is as follows: the crops are firstly harvested by the harvesting assembly, and then the conveying assembly cooperates to complete the material conveying during the harvesting process, and the harvested crops are finally conveyed to the aggregate assembly by the conveying assembly.

As shown in Fig. 1, the chassis assembly includes a frame and a pair of crawler belt traveling mechanisms arranged on both sides of the frame and movably connected. Among them, the crawler walking mechanism can adopt the structure in the prior art, so I won’t go into details here; the crawler walking mechanism has the advantages of large ground area and small specific pressure compared with the wheel-type walking mechanism, so it is not easy to subside, and it is not easy to crush the farmland. The unilateral braking feature of the traveling mechanism can provide a smaller turning radius and improve the working efficiency of the machine. It is worth mentioning that, in order to improve the passing performance of the crawler running mechanism, the lowest part of the bottom part of the chassis assembly located in the middle of the two crawlers is 350mm higher than the bottom surface of the crawler. In addition, in order to overcome the defects that the corn harvester in the prior art is easy to damage the corn farmland and the passing performance of the whole machine is low on the slope of the field, the inventor has improved the crawler walking mechanism. Specifically, this The crawler walking mechanism of the self-propelled fresh corn harvester provided by the invention adopts rubber crawlers, the crawler width B is not greater than the width of the furrows in the southern fields, generally not greater than 0.4m, and the crawler spacing K is greater than the ridges in the southern fields of fresh corn Width, generally 0.8 ~ 1.2mm.

The frame is an adjustable and detachable frame, which is convenient for assembling other assemblies on the frame and working with other assemblies; as a carrier for integrating other assemblies in the chassis assembly, the frame can be specifically divided into The frame main body, the first suspension and the second suspension, wherein the first suspension and the second suspension are all frame structures; the first suspension and the second suspension are respectively movably connected with the same side of the frame main body, As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 1: taking the X direction as an example, the first suspension and the second suspension are respectively hinged at the front end of the frame body, and the first suspension is higher than the second suspension . At this time, the assembly relationship between the frame and other assemblies is: the harvesting assembly straddles the first suspension and the second suspension, the driving assembly and the aggregate assembly are connected to the main body of the frame, and the transmission assembly straddles the The first suspension, the second suspension and the frame main body.

As shown in Figure 3, the harvesting assembly includes a stubble cutting mechanism, an ear harvesting mechanism and a stalk harvesting mechanism, wherein the stubble cutting mechanism is used to cut crops off the ground, the ear harvesting mechanism is used to harvest fruit ears, and the stalk harvesting mechanism is used to Harvest the stalks. In order to coordinate the harvesting of the whole crop, taking the X direction as an example, the stubble cutting mechanism, the ear harvesting mechanism and the stalk harvesting mechanism are arranged in sequence, that is, the stubble cutting mechanism and the stem harvesting mechanism are arranged at both ends of the fruit ear harvesting mechanism , in other words, the stalk harvesting mechanism, the fruit ear harvesting mechanism and the stubble cutting mechanism are sequentially arranged along the harvesting direction of the whole machine. In addition, in order to facilitate the cooperative operation of the stubble harvesting mechanism, the ear harvesting mechanism and the stem harvesting mechanism, taking the Y direction as an example, the ear harvesting mechanism, the stem harvesting mechanism and the stubble harvesting mechanism are arranged in order from top to bottom. Specifically, The stubble cutting mechanism is arranged at the front and lower part of the ear harvesting mechanism and the stem harvesting mechanism, and the stem harvesting mechanism is arranged at the rear and lower part of the ear harvesting mechanism. Correspondingly, the processing process of fresh corn in the harvesting assembly is as follows: first, the whole plant of fresh corn is cut off the ground by the stubble cutting mechanism, and then the ears are separated by the ear harvesting mechanism, and then the stalk harvesting mechanism separates the ears. The stalks were crushed.

Among them, the stubble cutting mechanism is a reciprocating cutter driven by the ring pendulum box. The reciprocating cutter can realize the function of harvesting corn stalks in a wrong direction, and the reciprocating movement of the cutter is to move the circular motion through the ring pendulum box. It is converted into linear reciprocating motion, and the stubble cutting structure can refer to the wheat stubble cutting structure, which will not be repeated here. As shown in Fig. 2, in order to realize cutting the crops from the ground from the bottom, the stubble cutting mechanism is arranged at the lowest position of the second suspension. In addition, due to the limitations of the existing technology, other crop stubble cutting mechanisms known on the market are too high from the ground, such as wheat stubble cutting mechanisms, so they cannot be directly used, and the self-propelled fresh corn harvester will leave behind after harvesting. The stalks in the corn field are too high, resulting in waste. Therefore, in order to achieve the greatest economic benefits, the inventor set the height of the stubble cutting mechanism to be adjustable, which can be realized by adding a height adjustment component; the height adjustment component consists of It consists of a pair of hydraulic ejector rods, one end of each hydraulic ejector rod is hinged on the frame body of the chassis assembly, and the other end is hinged on the second suspension, so that the height of the front end of the stubble cutting mechanism from the ground can be adjusted. Obtaining the adaptability of different corn planting plots (note: there are ridge planting plots or flat planting plots), not only makes the stalks harvested as much as possible when fresh corn is harvested, but also improves the overall passing performance of the harvester.

As shown in Figure 3, in the present embodiment, the ear harvesting mechanism includes two sets of ear separation assemblies, the ear separation rollers of each group of ear separation assemblies are arranged in parallel but do not fit together, and the gap between the ear separation rollers is just enough to accommodate the crops. The stalk, specifically, the gap between the pair of ear separation rollers is not greater than 4 cm. Taking the X direction as an example, the head of the pair of ear separation rollers is hinged at the front end of the first suspension, and the tail is hinged at the rear end of the first suspension through the movably connected ear separation roller suspension. At this time, the ear separation mechanism is suspended on the first suspension. Below the first suspension, the head of the ear separation roller pair is higher than the tail, and is arranged in a non-horizontal direction, so that the harvesting of fresh corn with different ear heights can be satisfied. It is worth mentioning that the inventor has found through research and a large number of experiments that it is not suitable to set the suspension of the ear separation roller as a straight line structure when harvesting ears. The shooting angle will interfere with the adjustment of the subsequent stalk transmission and harvesting angle, and there will be a phenomenon that the stalks of the fresh corn are separated from the transmission assembly after the ears are separated. Therefore, the inventor creatively designs the ear separation roller suspension into a hinged two-stage structure, as shown in Figure 4, at this moment, the two sections of the suspension are respectively connected to the ear separation roller pair and the first suspension, at this time The suspension of the ear separation roller is in a non-linear state, and the adjustment of α can be realized by adjusting the angle β of the ear separation suspension, so that the harvesting angle can be adjusted. In addition, in order to realize the non-destructive separation of ear separation rollers to ears, the inventor installed one or two hydraulic motors at the tail of the ear separation rollers to independently provide the corresponding ear separation rollers from both sides to make the ear separation rollers paired with each other. The driving force of centrifugal reverse rotation, at this time, the pair of ear separating rollers can generate the force similar to the force of breaking the ear downwards by hand, and at the same time, the force of the ear colliding with the pair of ear separating rollers is effectively removed along the tangential direction of the contact point, thereby avoiding the ear contact The part of the ear separation roller is damaged. In addition, in order to realize the harvesting of fresh corn adapting to different heights, the inventor also added a hydraulic jack on the first suspension to realize the adjustable height of the first suspension. One end of the hydraulic jack is hinged to the machine. The main body of the frame, the other end is hinged to the first suspension, and the height of the first suspension from the ground can be adjusted through the adjustable length of the hydraulic ejector rod, so that the height of the ear harvesting mechanism can be adjusted to meet different crops and conditions. The requirements of the working environment for the harvesting height.

It is worth mentioning that almost all corn harvesters in the prior art cannot perform automatic harvesting of stalks. Instead, they separate the ears and discard the whole stalks in the field, and then manually pick them up; The corn harvester provided by the invention can realize harvesting and crushing of stems while harvesting ears. Specifically, the inventor designed a stalk harvesting mechanism for harvesting the stalks separated by the ear harvesting mechanism, so as to realize both stem and ear harvesting of corn, and the crushed stalks can be used as feed. As shown in Figure 3, in this embodiment, the stalk harvesting mechanism includes two stalk crushing assemblies. The stalk crushing assembly includes a fixed knife and a moving knife. The transmission shaft is fixed on the second suspension; the transmission shaft is driven by a transmission sprocket splined with it to drive the movable knife to rotate, and the fixed fixed knife cooperates with the rotating movable knife to complete the cutting. Furthermore, when there are multiple stalk crushing assemblies, in order to simplify the equipment structure and maintain the stability of the crushing process, multiple stalk crushing assemblies can share a fixed knife with their respective moving knives, as shown in Figure 4, There are two stalk crushing assemblies and two moving knives, but there is only one fixed knives used together. It is worth mentioning that, in order to improve the crushing efficiency of the stalk crushing assembly, the inventor set the moving knife as a ratchet moving knife set, that is, a ratchet is connected to the transmission shaft in a keyed manner, and multiple moving knives are respectively set. A ratchet moving knife group is formed on the gear teeth of the ratchet wheel. At this time, each time the transmission shaft rotates, the stalk will be cut multiple times by multiple moving knives. As a preferred embodiment, a plurality of ratchets are arranged on the transmission shaft to simultaneously fix the movable knife. In addition, in order to facilitate the replacement of the fixed knife, a fixed knife fixing piece can be added to connect the fixed knife and the second suspension. In order to facilitate the quick disassembly of the fixed knife and the moving knife, bolts are used to connect the fixed knife and the fixing part of the fixed knife, and between the moving knife and the ratchet.

It is worth mentioning that the number of ear separation components in the ear harvesting mechanism should be the same as that of the stem crushing components in the stem harvesting mechanism. As shown in Figure 3, there are two ear separation components and stem crushing components. At this time, the working process of the stubble cutting mechanism, the ear harvesting mechanism and the stalk harvesting mechanism is as follows: first, the stubble cutting mechanism cuts the whole crop from the ground from the bottom, and then the ear separation component in the ear harvesting mechanism performs ear removal on the crop. Separation, and then the stalk crushing component corresponding to the position of the stalk harvesting mechanism of the aforementioned fruit ear separation component crushes the separated stalks.

In order to make the self-propelled fresh corn harvester provided by the present invention realize full automatic harvesting and convey ears and stalks, the inventor added a conveying assembly on the basis of the aforementioned harvesting assembly that realizes both stem and ear harvesting, It is used to realize the automatic transmission of materials in the process of harvesting both stems and ears. As shown in Figure 1, the transmission assembly includes a branch clamping mechanism, an ear transmission mechanism and a stalk transmission mechanism. The branch clamping mechanism is used for the branch transmission of the whole crop so that the crops harvested in the wrong row can successfully complete the subsequent harvesting process. The ear transmission mechanism and the stalk transmission mechanism are used to transmit the ears and stalks respectively, wherein the branch clamping mechanism is set on the first suspension, and the ear transmission mechanism and the stalk transmission mechanism are both set across the second suspension and the main body of the frame Correspondingly, the conveying process of materials in the conveying assembly is as follows: first, the whole crops cut off the ground by the stubble cutting mechanism are transferred by branch clamping mechanism to the ear harvesting mechanism for stem and ear separation, and then the ear transmission mechanism The separated ears are transferred to the ear collection bin, and then the separated stems are transferred to the stem harvesting mechanism by the stem transfer mechanism for harvesting, and finally the harvested stems are transferred to the stem collection bin by the stem transfer mechanism.

As shown in Figure 3, in the present embodiment, the branch clamping mechanism includes two branch assemblies (dividing grass assemblies) and two clamping assemblies, two branch assemblies are arranged side by side, and two clamping assemblies are arranged in parallel, wherein, Fig. 6 is The working principle diagram of corn branch clamping and ear damage-free harvesting provided by the present invention, the branch component is used to send the whole corn into the clamping component independently for subsequent transmission, and the clamping component is used to sequentially transmit the branched crops to the harvesting assembly. The branch assembly is fixed on the front end of the first suspension along the X direction, and the clamping assembly is arranged at the transmission end of the branch assembly and is fixed on the first suspension along the Y direction and is parallel to the two sides of the first suspension, in other words, the branch Components are used with end-to-end clamping components. Fig. 7 is a working schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the branch assembly provided by the present invention. As shown in Fig. 7, the branch assembly includes a sprocket wheel chain set and two grain-splitting star wheels (ie, grain-splitting parts). The sprocket chain group is used to drive the grain-splitting star wheel. The grain-splitting star wheel combs the crops through the tooth gap, and transmits the combed crops in an orderly manner through its rotation; that is, every two grain-splitting stars The star wheel is used in conjunction with a clamping component, in other words, two grain-splitting star wheels are respectively located on both sides of the head end of a clamping component, and respectively dial corn into the clamping component. The sprocket chain group and the grain-distributing star wheel are respectively independently fixed on the front end of the first suspension. The reel sprocket chain set is composed of multiple gears and a chain meshed with them. The chain is provided with multiple reel teeth, and the reel teeth are externally meshed with the grain distribution star wheel; each gear is independently fixed on the first on the suspension. In order to realize the power transmission between the reeling sprocket chain group and the grain distribution star wheel, the reeling sprocket chain group has three gears. Taking the X direction as an example, two gears are set at the front and one gear is set at the rear. Make the chain into a triangle, and the transmission of the chain group is the most stable now; External engagement. Further, in order to ensure that the grain-splitting star wheel can individually comb and divide the crops, the tooth gap of the grain-splitting star wheel can only accommodate one crop, that is, the tooth gap of the grain-splitting star wheel is not greater than that of the corn stalk. The diameter, specifically, the tooth gap of the grain-splitting star wheel is not greater than 4 cm. At this time, the driven gear transmission chain drives the reeling teeth on the chain to drive the grain-splitting star wheel, and the rotating grain-splitting star wheel drives the crops to enter its gear teeth in turn, and further transmits the crops individually and orderly.

In order to make the crops more smoothly combing and conveying in the branch assembly, as shown in Figure 3, the branch clamping assembly is also provided with a branch assembly on the second suspension to cooperate with the branch assembly arranged on the first suspension to carry out crop combing , the branch assemblies of the first and second suspensions are arranged in mirror images. Fig. 8 is another preferred embodiment working principle diagram of the branch assembly provided by the present invention, as shown in Fig. 8, the structure and the connection relationship of the branch assembly on the second suspension are consistent with the aforementioned branch assembly, and will not be repeated here . The gear transmission chain driven by the drive assembly drives the reel teeth on the chain to drive the grain-splitting star wheel, and the rotating grain-splitting star wheel drives the crops into its gear teeth in turn, and further transmits the crops individually and orderly; at this time, the first The branch component on the suspension carries out the division and transmission of the upper end of the crop, and the branch component on the second suspension carries out the division and transmission of the lower end of the crop.

As shown in Figure 7, the clamping assembly includes a pair of clamping transmission parts that are parallel and fit together. The clamping transmission part includes a transmission wheel and a conveyor belt sleeved on the transmission wheel; one of the transmission belts that clamps the transmission part It is socketed with one of the branching parts of the branch assembly connected with it, and the conveyor belt of the other clamping transmission part is socketed with the reel sprocket chain set of the branch assembly connected with it. At this time, the main drive of the branch clamping mechanism is the transmission wheel, and both the branch assembly and the clamping assembly realize synchronous movement under the drive of the transmission wheel, so when the moving speeds of the branch assembly on the first suspension and the second suspension At the same time, the transmission speed of the clamping assembly and the branching assembly can be synchronized and matched, so that the corn can be smoothly conveyed in the branching assembly and the clamping assembly. In addition, in order to improve the stability of the clamping transmission of the conveyor belt and ensure that the conveyor belt will not loosen and fall off from the clamping transmission part, the clamping transmission part is also equipped with a number of clamping pulleys that are adjacent to the axes of the two attached conveyor belts, and A clamping tension wheel set is added, and the clamping pulleys are fixed on the first suspension. When each clamping pulley exerts a pressure on the conveyor belt to the bonding surface, it can ensure that the two conveyor belts have a positive impact on the crops entering between the conveyor belts. Generates radial clamping force and can be clamped and transmitted forward and backward; the clamping tension wheel set includes two clamping tension wheels and a connecting piece connecting the two wheels. The outer conveyor belt exerts a tension force on it, and the clamping tension wheel set is fixed to the end of the transmission belt.

It is worth mentioning that in order to adapt to the branch clamping of crops of different heights, workers can adjust the height of the branch clamping mechanism from the ground by adjusting the length of the hydraulic jack on the first suspension, so that according to the different heights of crops Increase or decrease the height of the branch clamping mechanism.

In addition, in order to prevent a large number of crops from being squeezed into the ear harvesting mechanism at the same time, causing congestion and causing machine failure and crop loss, the inventor added a carding guide mechanism at the front end of the branch clamping mechanism to cooperate with the branch clamping mechanism, as shown in the figure As shown in 6, taking the Y direction as an example, the combing guide mechanism is arranged at the front end of the first suspension, specifically, at the front end of the branch assembly, and is composed of three combing guides for combing the corn do it. In this embodiment, in order to make the outermost crops smoothly enter the branch clamping mechanism and match the paired branch assemblies in the branch clamping mechanism, a linear guide is provided on the outermost branch assembly of the first suspension, and the two The carding guide assembly in the middle of the branch assembly can be a hollow fan-shaped carding guide with a tapered end wound by a wire, or a carding guide in the form of a fan-shaped plate, which is a hollow fan with a tapered end in this embodiment. Fan-shaped combing guide, now the combing guide mechanism can realize the collection, combing and guiding of the corn plants equal in width to the first suspension. Wherein, the tail portion of the carding guide is arranged above the grain-splitting star wheel; a pair of carding guides forms a guide channel with a width decreasing along the direction of crop advancement, specifically, the width of the guide channel at its narrowest point is no more than 4 cm. The carding guide can control the number of crops entering the ear harvesting mechanism at the same time within an appropriate range. The cooperative operation process of the carding guide mechanism and the branch clamping mechanism is shown in Figure 6: the crops enter the carding guide along the Y direction, and are combed in an orderly manner through the guiding channel of the carding guide, and then enter the branch assembly in turn. wheel, reel sprocket chain group, and star wheel until it is transferred to the clamping assembly for clamping and transmission.

It is worth mentioning that, in order to cooperate with the harvesting assembly to carry out material transfer during the harvesting process, as shown in Figure 1, taking the X direction as an example, the stubble cutting mechanism is arranged at the rear lower end of the branch assembly to ensure that the crops are cut off. The ground is constrained in the branch assembly before, that is, the stalks cut off the ground by the stubble cutting mechanism will not fall down because they cannot be clamped by the branch clamping mechanism in time. In other words, the crops enter the branch assembly first and then The stubble harvesting mechanism is cut away from the ground; the ear harvesting mechanism is arranged below the branch clamping mechanism, specifically, the head of the ear separating roller pair is arranged below the front end of the clamping assembly, and the tail is suspended by the ear separating roller. Below the rear end of the clamping assembly, at this time, as shown in Figure 6, when the upper part of the crop is clamped by the clamping assembly and then conveyed from front to back, the ears that are in contact with the rotating ear separation rollers are separated. , the separated stalks continue to be clamped and transported by the clamping assembly; the stalk harvesting mechanism is arranged below the end of the clamping assembly, and the stalks detached from the clamping assembly are crushed and harvested by the stalk harvesting mechanism.

Fig. 9 is a working principle diagram of the ear conveying mechanism, as shown in Fig. 9, considering that the ear conveying path needs to avoid the driving assembly, and taking into account the opportunity to remove impurities during the stage-by-stage conveying process of the ear, the ear conveying mechanism It is set as a four-level transmission component, including a first-level transmission component, a second-level transmission component, a third-level transmission component and a fourth-level transmission component connected in sequence. The four-level transmission component is equipped with a rubber conveyor belt; The first-level transmission component, the second-level transmission component, and the third-level transmission component are hinged on the second suspension, and the fourth-level transmission component is hinged on the frame body, wherein the first-level transmission component is located directly below the ear separation component and is responsible for collecting The falling fruit ears are separated from the fruit ear separation component, and the fourth transmission component is connected with the fruit ear collection bin, and is used for sending the fruit ears to the fruit ear collection bin. Specifically, the first-level transmission components are arranged parallel to the front end of the first suspension, the second-level transmission components are arranged parallel to the first-level transmission components, and the third and fourth-level transmission components are arranged vertically to the first and second-level transmission components. . It is worth mentioning that, in order to ensure that the ear is conveyed along the direction of movement of the conveyor belt, a number of blocking pieces perpendicular to the conveying direction and higher than the diameter of the ear are evenly arranged on the conveyor belt along the conveying direction. In addition, in order to prevent the ear from detaching from the conveyor belt during the transmission process, baffles with a height higher than the diameter of the ear are arranged on both sides of each conveyor belt.

The stalk conveying mechanism includes a stalk sending assembly and a stalk throwing assembly, the stalk sending assembly is used to continuously feed the stalks into the stalk crushing assembly located below for crushing, and the stalk sending assembly is used to crush the stalks The stalks are sent to the stalk collection bin. As shown in Figure 2, the stalk sending assembly is arranged on the second suspension and directly below the transmission end of the clamping assembly; the stalk throwing assembly straddles the second suspension and the frame main body, and one end is located Directly below the stalk harvesting mechanism, the other end is connected to the stalk collection bin, which is used to transfer the crushed stalks falling from the stalk harvesting mechanism to the stalk collection bin. As shown in Figure 10, the stalk delivery assembly includes a stalk delivery member and a stalk pull-down member connected end to end in sequence, and the stalk delivery member is used to transfer the stalks falling off from the clamping assembly to the stalk pull-down member sequentially. The stalk pull-down piece is used for pulling down the stalk to the stalk harvesting mechanism in a direction. Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the stalk transfer member. As shown in Fig. 11, the stalk transfer member includes a stalk guide and a transfer chain group, and the transfer chain group includes a transfer wheel and a transfer chain, wherein the transfer A plurality of feeding teeth are evenly arranged on the chain, and the feeding chain is driven by the driven feeding wheel to drive the feeding teeth to move, and the stalks that enter the feeding chain group guided by the stem guides then enter the feeding teeth in the gap between them and then transferred to the stem pull-down assembly. Further, in order to prevent a large number of stalks from pouring into the stalk delivery assembly at the same time, the stalk guide is set as a channel with decreasing width, so as to ensure that only a few stalks can enter the stalk delivery assembly at the same time. Further, in order to allow the stalks to be individually and sequentially transmitted to the stalk pull-down assembly, the gap between the dialing teeth can only accommodate one stalk, specifically, the gap between the dialing teeth is not greater than 4 cm. In addition, in order to obtain a continuous downward pulling force for the stalk, the stalk pull-down member is set as a pair of spiral pusher rollers with a gap smaller than the diameter of the stalk. Conveys down to the stalk harvesting mechanism.

It is worth mentioning that, in order to better cooperate with the harvesting assembly, as shown in Figure 3, there are two stalk transfer parts, which are respectively located directly below the two clamping components, and there are also two stalk pull-down parts. , respectively arranged directly above the two stalk crushing components. At this time, the upper part of the stalks clamped by the clamping component first enters the stalk transfer member. At this time, the stalk has not yet broken away from the clamping component. The stalks are sent to the stalk crushing assembly for crushing along with the rotation of the spiral pusher roller pair of the stalk pull-down assembly.

As shown in 11, the stalk throwing assembly includes a bellows body, a bellows blade, and a blower. The bellows has an air inlet on its upper surface, the bellows blades are located in the bellows, and the blower includes an air inlet and an air outlet. The air inlet is connected to the bellows body, and the air outlet is connected to the stalk collection bin; the bellows body is used to temporarily pick up the crushed stalks, and the bellows blades are used to suck the stalks and blow them to the air cylinder, finally The stalks are sent to the collection bin along the wind tube. In order to make the stalks be blown into the collection bin smoothly, the cross-sectional area of the air outlet of the air cylinder is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the air inlet and material inlet, which is beneficial to generate air specific pressure. In addition, in order to facilitate the installation of the air cylinder on the rack, the air cylinder can be arranged in a segmented connection structure. It should be noted that, in order to better cooperate with the operation of the harvesting assembly, the bellows body is fixed on the second suspension and its air inlet is set directly below the stalk crushing assembly, and the air duct straddles the second Suspension and frame body.

As shown in Figure 1, the cockpit assembly includes a cockpit mechanism, a cockpit mechanism and an operating mechanism, wherein the cockpit mechanism is installed on the chassis assembly, and accordingly, the cockpit mechanism and the operating mechanism are arranged in the cockpit mechanism.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the aggregate assembly includes ear collection bins and stalk collection bins, which are respectively located at the left and right ends of the frame assembly.

For the self-propelled fresh corn harvester provided by the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the chassis assembly is the carrier of other assemblies, and the harvesting assembly, driving assembly, and aggregate assembly are sequentially arranged on the chassis assembly along the X direction. On the top, the transmission assembly straddles the chassis assembly, and the drive assembly provides power for the mechanical movement of the whole machine. The chassis assembly includes a frame body and a first suspension and a second suspension arranged at the front end of the frame body, wherein the first suspension is arranged above the second suspension, in other words, the first suspension and the second suspension The suspension is set up and down; in addition, the first suspension and the second suspension are each equipped with a hydraulic jack, one end of the hydraulic jack is hinged on the main body of the frame, and the other end is hinged on the first suspension or the second suspension. shelf.

The harvesting assembly includes a stubble cutting mechanism, an ear harvesting mechanism and a stalk harvesting mechanism, as shown in Figure 1, wherein the stubble cutting mechanism is hinged at the lowest position of the front end of the second suspension; the ear harvesting mechanism includes a pair of ear separating rollers and a ear Separation roller suspension, wherein the head of the ear separation roller pair is hinged at the front end of the first suspension, and the tail is hinged at the rear end of the first suspension through the ear separation roller suspension. At this time, the ear harvesting mechanism is located under the first suspension . The stalk harvesting mechanism includes a stalk crushing assembly, and the stalk crushing assembly includes a fixed knife and a ratchet moving knife group, wherein the fixed knife is fixed to the second suspension through the fixed knife fixing part, and the ratchet moving knife The transmission shaft is fixed on the second suspension. As shown in FIG. 2 , taking the X direction as an example, the stalk harvesting mechanism is located at the rear end of the second suspension.

The transmission assembly includes a branch clamping mechanism, an ear transmission mechanism and a stalk transmission mechanism, wherein the branch clamping mechanism includes at least one branch assembly and a clamping assembly, as shown in Figure 2, the branch clamping mechanism includes a first Two branch assemblies and a clamping assembly of the suspension, and two branch assemblies arranged on the second suspension, taking the X direction as an example, wherein the two branch assemblies on the first suspension are arranged side by side at the front end of the first suspension , the clamping assembly is set at the transmission end of the branch assembly, and straddles the front and rear ends of the first suspension, in other words, the branch assembly and the clamping assembly on the first suspension are vertically arranged; on the second suspension The two branch components are arranged side by side at the front end of the second suspension. In addition, the inventor also added a combing guide mechanism before the branch clamping mechanism, specifically, the combing guide mechanism is arranged before the branch assembly, in other words, the combing guide mechanism is hinged on the first suspension and the second suspension front end. It is worth mentioning that, in order to cooperate with the harvesting assembly to carry out the material transfer in the harvesting process, as shown in Figure 1, taking the X direction as an example, the stubble cutting mechanism is arranged at the rear and lower part of the branch assembly; the ear harvesting mechanism is set Below the branch clamping mechanism, specifically, the head of the pair of ear separating rollers is arranged below the front end of the clamping assembly, and the tail is arranged below the rear end of the clamping assembly through the suspension of the ear separating roller; the stalk harvesting The mechanism is arranged below the end of the clamping component of the branch clamping mechanism.

The fruit ear transmission mechanism, as shown in Figure 9, comprises the first-level transmission assembly, the second-level transmission assembly, the third-level transmission assembly and the fourth-level transmission assembly connected in sequence, the first-level transmission assembly, the second-level transmission assembly . The third-level transmission assembly is hinged to the second suspension. Specifically, the first-level transmission assembly is arranged parallel to the front end of the first suspension, and the second-level transmission assembly is arranged in parallel with the first-level transmission assembly. The third and fourth The first-level transmission component is vertically arranged with the first and second-level transmission components. The fourth-level transmission assembly is hinged to the frame body, wherein the first-level transmission assembly is located directly below the ear separation assembly, and the fourth transmission assembly is connected to the ear collection bin.

The stalk transmission mechanism includes a stalk delivery component and a stalk throwing component. As shown in FIG. On the second suspension and located at the transmission end of the clamping assembly, specifically, the stalk pushing part is arranged directly below the end of the clamping assembly, and the stalk pull-down part is arranged directly above the stalk crushing mechanism; The sending component is straddled between the second suspension and the frame main body, one end of which is located directly below the stalk harvesting mechanism, and the other end is connected to the stalk collection bin. As shown in Figure 12, the stalk throwing assembly includes a bellows body, a bellows blade, and a blower. The bellows has an air inlet on its upper surface, the bellows blades are located in the bellows, and one end of the blower is connected to the bellows. , and the other end is connected to the stalk collection bin; the bellows body is fixed on the second suspension and its air inlet is set directly below the stalk crushing assembly, and the blower is arranged across the second suspension and the main body of the frame.

When using the above-mentioned self-propelled fresh corn harvester for harvesting, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, during operation, the worker starts the driving assembly in the driving assembly and controls the walking direction of the chassis assembly, and the whole corn is first articulated. The combing guide mechanisms on the first suspension and the second suspension respectively comb the crops in an orderly manner from the upper end and the lower end, and then send them backwards to the branches of the branch clamping mechanism respectively located on the first suspension and the second suspension. Combing and branching are carried out in the component, and the whole corn crop is cut off the ground by the stubble cutting mechanism hinged at the front end of the second suspension, and then the whole corn plant is transferred to the ear separation component through the clamping component for ear harvesting, and the separated corn Ears fall directly to the first-stage conveyor belt directly below it, and then are sent to the ear collection warehouse through the multi-stage conveyor belt of the ear conveying mechanism; correspondingly, the corn stalks after ear separation continue to be conveyed under the action of the clamping component , when the bottom of the stalk enters the stalk pull-down part, the stalk breaks away from the clamping assembly, and the stalk is harvested and crushed by the stalk crushing mechanism. The crushed stalk falls into the bellows below it, and enters the stalk throw The stalks sent to the assembly are finally transferred to the stalk collection bin. In summary, the corn harvester of the present invention completes the two major automatic harvests of the non-destructive ear harvesting and stem ear harvesting of fresh corn.

Claims (10)

1. self-propelled fresh edible maize harvester, including chassis assembly, assembly is gathered in, assembly, the assembly that gathers materials is transmitted, is driven total Into and drive assembly, it is characterised in that：Harvesting assembly, drive assembly, the assembly that gathers materials and be successively set in chassis assembly.

2. the harvester described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Harvesting assembly includes fruit ear harvest mechanism and stalk harvester Structure.

3. the harvester described in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Fruit ear harvest mechanism includes an at least fruit ear separation assembly.

4. the harvester described in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Stalk harvest mechanism includes an at least stalk disintegrating component.

5. the harvester described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Transmission assembly includes stalk connecting gear and fruit ear conveyer Structure.

6. the harvester described in claim 5, it is characterised in that：Stalk connecting gear is thrown including pull over component and stalk of stalk Sending component.

7. the harvester described in claim 5, it is characterised in that：Fruit ear connecting gear includes an at least transfer assembly.

8. the harvester described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Transmission assembly also includes branch's clamping device.

9. the harvester described in claim 8, it is characterised in that：Branch's clamping device is including at least branch's component and at least One clamp assemblies.

10. the harvester described in claim 8, it is characterised in that：Transmission assembly is additionally provided with a combing guiding mechanism and is pressed from both sides with branch Mechanism is held to use cooperatively.