RU2437269C1 - Grain harvesting plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building and may be used to harvest grain through stripping. On the plant frame there is a stripping drum fixed with spike-tooth combs, a cutting tool and two plank webs separated with a partition. One web provides for formation of a roll from cut stems. The second web is made with an end part arranged at the angle and transports combed cereals mass to a threshing drum. A concave is made integrally with a chamber of an auger elevator and with an outlet nozzle of a fan. Air flow discharge and its direction are regulated with a cover. Units and mechanisms of the plant are driven from a power facility's cardan drive.

EFFECT: plant provides for reduced power intensity of technological process and lower costs for production of a product.

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Description

The invention relates to the agricultural process of food production, in particular to the harvesting of crops.

Known devices for towing an ear on the root of a drum type (RF Patent No. 2299551 A01D 41/08).

The cleaning devices of this type of pore structure are complex, energy-intensive and do not exclude grain loss in the form of an underrated ear. After the passage of the stripping unit, the stalks of the plants without spikes remain uncleaned on the field. Additional costs are required for their grinding and incorporation into the soil.

Known reapers-strippers of an ear of a drum type with tooth combs. The header is equipped with a cutting apparatus for cutting stems of plants simultaneously with the head of the ears (Application for invention No. 2010019957 of March 16, 2010). By the totality of common essential features, this technical solution is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the known devices:

- high energy consumption of the harvesting unit due to the discrepancy between the energy costs of the header-stripper and the harvester power;

- high costs of producing a unit of production;

- the use of a stripping device in an aggregate with an energy-saturated combine is irrational from the point of view of saving energy costs.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the energy intensity of the technological process of cleaning and reducing the cost of production per unit of output. The problem is solved by the fact that on the header on the drive shaft there are two slatted blades mounted separated by a partition, one of them is used to form a roll of beveled stems after the ear has been harvested, and the other is used to transport the combed mass, the end part of which is angled, and a threshing shaft is installed at the output a drum, and the concave is made integral with the auger elevator chamber and with the outlet nozzle of the fan, with the possibility of changing the air flow and its direction, and the drive units and mechanisms of the unit provide from the cardan transmission of energy.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the unit for harvesting grain is a tow hitch with a seasonal operating time, while to drive the units and mechanisms of the unit, energy is used with a lower energy intensity than the combine, operating costs are reduced by reducing the cost of fuel and lubricants, reducing maintenance personnel and expenses for maintenance and storage of equipment, as well as through the use of a cleaning unit with a lower cost. The noted features of the claimed object will allow to obtain a positive economic effect and practical application in the agricultural production system.

Figure 1 schematically shows a unit for harvesting grain.

Figure 2 is a section aa.

The grain harvesting unit contains a frame 1, on which are mounted: a combing drum 2 with tooth combs 3 and towing traps 4, strips 5, 6 are located under the towing drum. A cutting apparatus is installed in front of one of them and a threshing drum at the end of the second 8 s concave 9, fan 10, screw elevator 11, air damper 12, vehicle 13 is mounted on a towing device of the power facility.

The unit for harvesting grain works as follows.

When the unit moves, the rotating drum 2 comes into contact with cereal plants, while their spike part penetrates the gap between the teeth of the comb 3, then when lifting the blade together with the comb up, at the moment the spike stops on the sidewalls of adjacent teeth, the ear is harvested, the contents which at this moment remains in the trap 4. With a further rotation of the drum, at the moment of the reverse movement, the contents of the trap are dumped towards the slatted web 6, which directs the mass to the receiving chamber of the drum 8, where tdelenie grain from the shell ear and purification from impurities heap fan air flow 10. The fan flow air pressure and its direction is regulated valve 12. The screw elevator 11 moves the grain mass in the vehicle 13, the towing device mounted on the power unit. Simultaneously with combing the ears, a cut of the plant stems is ensured by the cutting apparatus 7. With the help of a slatted blade 5, the stems are dumped onto the soil surface, forming a swath. This ends the harvesting of crops.

Claims (1)

A grain harvesting unit containing a combing drum with tooth combs, a screw and a cutting apparatus, characterized in that two barbed cloths separated by a partition are mounted on the header on one drive shaft, one of them for forming a roll of cut stems after combing the ear, and the other for transportation of carded mass, the end part of which is located at an angle, a threshing drum is installed at the outlet of the web, and concave is made integral with the chamber of the screw elevator and with the outlet nozzle of the fan with the possibility of changing the air flow and its direction, the drive units and mechanisms of the unit is provided from the universal joint transmission of energy.

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