RU2519831C2 - Method of adaptation of stripping cylinder of header to variables of harvested standing crop of spiked cereals and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agriculture and can be used at harvest of spiked cereals by method of stripping at the grassroots. In adaptation of the stripping cylinder of the header to variables of standing crop the simultaneous synchronous change of inclination angle of the comb teeth 5 to the radius of the stripping cylinder is performed without stopping the stripping cylinder operation and the header. The device for adaptation consists of their stripping cylinder of the header, the housing 4 of the stripping cylinder with the removable combs 5 with teeth and the mechanism 6 of their synchronous angular displacement. The stripping cylinder of the header is made in the form of a shaft 1 with the bearing journals 2 for mounting on two header housing and mounted at each end of the shaft 1 with the rotary discs 3. The mechanism 6 of angular displacement of the combs 5 consists of longitudinal rotary axes 7 on the housing 4 of the stripping cylinder and fixed on each of their ends of leashes 8 with radial slots 9 connected to the fingers 10 of the rotary discs 3. The rotary discs 3 of the shaft 1 of the stripping cylinder have a drive of their angular displacement, and the bearing journals of the shaft of the drive are attached to the housing 4 of the stripping cylinder of the header.

EFFECT: use of inventions reduces the time of regulation of the position of the stripping comps 5 and improves the performance of the stripping cylinder of the header.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to the field of agricultural production and engineering, in particular to methods and devices for harvesting cereal crops by the method of towing on the vine.

A known method of adapting the combing drum of the header to the variable characteristics of the harvested plant stands, including changing the position - the inclination of the tooth combs relative to the blades of the combing drum.

A device for implementing the method is known, consisting of a stripping header drum in the form of blades with tooth combs pivotally mounted on them and screw mechanisms for angular movement of each of the tooth combs [RF Patent No. 2420944, IPC A01D 41/08. Reaper - spike cleaner. Publ. 03/16/2010].

The main disadvantage of the method and device is that to change the angular displacement of the tooth combs, it is necessary to stop the operation of the combing drum and header and adjust the required angle of inclination of each of the tooth combs individually. This significantly increases the shift time for technological regulation of the header and significantly reduces its productivity in harvesting crops.

A known method of adapting a combing drum of a header to variable characteristics of a harvested grain stand of cereal crops, including simultaneous simultaneous change in the angle of inclination of the teeth of the combs to the radius of the combing drum.

A device for implementing the method is known, consisting of a combing drum of the header in the form of a shaft with support pins for mounting on the header housing and rotary disks mounted on each end of the specified shaft, a housing of the combing drum with removable combs with teeth and a mechanism for their synchronous angular movement as part of rotary longitudinal axes on the body of the stripping drum and leashes attached to each of their ends with radial grooves mating with the fingers of these rotary disks [Application No. 2 010127044, IPC A01D 41/00. A method of adapting a stripping device for harvesting cereal crops with different characteristics of the stand and means for its implementation. 01/10/2012. Bull. No. 1].

The method and device provide effective harvesting of cereal crops with variable characteristics of the stand due to the possibility of adapting the combing drum of the header - synchronously changing the angle of inclination of the teeth of the removable combs relative to its radius using the mechanism.

According to the technical nature and combination of essential features, the indicated method and device are closest to the proposed technical solution and are taken as the closest analogue.

The main disadvantage of the method and device is that for the practical implementation of the operation to change (or technological control) the angle of inclination of the teeth of the removable combs relative to the radius of the combing drum, a complete stop of the header and combing drum, the unlocking of the shaft connections with the rotary discs and their relative angular movement are necessary. This reduces the operational characteristics of the header due to the additional time spent on technological regulation and leads to lower productivity.

The present invention solves the technical problem of significantly increasing the efficiency of the adaptation method and the operational characteristics of the device.

To achieve the specified technical result in the method of adapting the combing drum of the header to the variable characteristics of the harvested grain crops of cereal crops, including a simultaneous change in the angle of inclination of the teeth of the combs to the radius of the combing drum, according to the invention, the change in the angle of the teeth of the combs is carried out without stopping the operation of the combing drum and header.

In the device for adaptation of the harvesting drum of the header to the variable characteristics of the harvested grain stand of cereal crops, consisting of the harvesting drum of the header in the form of a shaft with support pins for mounting on the header housing and rotary disks mounted on each end of the shaft, the housing of the combing drum with removable teeth combs and the mechanism of their synchronous angular movement in the composition of the rotary longitudinal axes on the body of the stripping drum and leashes fixed at each of their ends radial grooves, conjugated with the fingers of said rotary disk, the rotary shaft according to the invention drives the stripper drum provided with a drive header their angular displacement and bearing journals of its shaft mounted on the housing of the header stripper drum, in which said drive means.

According to the invention, the angular displacement drive of the rotary disks of the shaft of the harvesting drum of the header in the first embodiment is made in the form of cylinders of passage channels and chambers with pistons for the working fluid — hydraulic fluid or air, the pistons contacting the ends of the shaft, and the mounting of the rotary disks on the shaft and the last with the housing of the combing drum is made by means of movable splined joints, while the spline connection of the shaft with the housing of the combing drum is made coaxially with the shaft, and the splined connection the shaft with rotary disks - at an angle to the axis of the shaft, and the inclination angle of the specified splined joints at each shaft end is the same, in addition, the chambers of the shaft support pins are communicated with each other by pipelines so that when the working fluid is supplied under pressure into one of them - the second is combined with its outlet into the pipeline for discharge and vice versa.

According to the invention, the angular displacement drive of the rotary disks of the header stripping drum shaft in the second embodiment is made in the form of pushers placed in the passage channels of the support pins and connected by internal ends with threaded connections to each of the ends of the stripping drum shaft, while the outer ends of the pushers are mated with forks at the first shoulders of two-arm levers pivotally mounted on each side of the header body, in addition, the cylinders for the working fluid are made in the form of two remote cylinders cross-acting, pivotally mounted on each side of the header body and connected by rods to the second shoulders of the two-arm levers, in addition, the cavities above the pistons and below them of the two remote cylinders are interconnected in such a way that the working fluid under pressure is simultaneously supplied to the cavity under the piston one of them and above the piston of the second cylinder, and vice versa.

The technical result of the invention is achieved due to a significant reduction in time spent on synchronously changing the angle of inclination of the teeth of the removable combs of the combing drum, which is carried out without stopping it and the header, which leads to an increase in the efficiency of tuning the combing drum to variable characteristics of the harvested grain and, ultimately, to increase the operating characteristics of the header - increase the performance of the header and the convenience of staff.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings:

- figure 1 shows a structural diagram of a stripping drum of the header with a drive mechanism for the angular movement of removable combs in the form of cylinders in the support pins (first option), side view;

- figure 2 shows a view A of figure 1;

- figure 3 shows a structural diagram of a stripping drum of the header with a drive mechanism for the angular movement of removable combs in the form of remote two (a) and one (b) double-acting cylinders (second option).

The combing drum of the header consists of a shaft 1 (see FIGS. 1, 2) with support pins 2 fixed on its both ends, rotary disks 3, the housing 4 of the combing drum with removable combs 5 and the mechanism 6 for their angular movement. The latter includes rotary longitudinal axes 7, pivotally mounted on the housing 4 of the stripping drum, and the leashes 8 with radial grooves 9, which are connected to the fingers 10 on the rotary disks 3, mounted on their each end. In the housing 4 of the stripping drum for angular movement of the fingers 10 are made arcuate grooves 11.

The support pins 2 are rigidly fixed to the housing 4 of the stripping drum and are supported by bearings 12 on the header (not shown in FIG. 1). In the support pins 2, an angular movement drive of the rotary disks 3 is made, which in the first embodiment is structurally made (see Fig. 1) in the form of passage channels 13, chambers 14 with pistons 15 for feeding and interacting with the working fluid. The pistons 15 are constantly in contact with the ends of the shaft 1. The rotary disks 3 on the shaft 1, as well as the shaft 1, are connected to the housing 4 of the combing drum by means of movable splined joints. The splined connections 16a of the shaft 1 with the housing 4 of the stripping drum are made coaxially with the shaft 1, and the spline connections 16b of the shaft 1 with the rotary disks 3 are made at an angle to the axis of the shaft 1.

The chambers 14 of the support pins 2 are interconnected by pipelines (not shown) in such a way that when the working fluid is supplied under pressure into one of them, the second is combined with the outlet of the working fluid into the pipeline for discharge and vice versa.

The drive of the rotary disks 3 can be made in the second embodiment of the structural implementation in the form of two (see figa) or one (see fig.3b) remote cylinders 17, pivotally mounted on the housing 18 of the header. Both ends of the shaft 1 are threadedly connected to the inner ends of the pushers 19, which are located in the passageways 13 of the support pins 2. The outer ends of the pushers 19 are connected to the forks 20 on the first shoulders of the two-arm levers 21, which are pivotally connected to the cylinder rods 17. In the case of installation on the housing 18 of the header simultaneously two remote cylinders 17 (Fig.3A), the cavity 22 above the piston 24 of the first of them is connected with the cavity 23 under the piston 24 of the second, and vice versa. It is also possible that only one cylinder 17 is mounted on the body 18 of the header (Fig. 3b). As a working fluid, hydraulic fluid or air can be used.

The method and operation of the combing drum of the header is as follows.

Rational for the specific conditions of harvesting grain crops, setting the angle of inclination of the removable combs of the combing drum of the header to its radius is determined based on the characteristics of the stand (height, yield, bedding, etc.).

Changing the angle α _{i of the} inclination of the teeth of the removable comb 5 (see figure 2) is carried out by controlling the values of their angular displacements both clockwise and counterclockwise relative to the radius of the stripping drum, which is performed both in the static position of the stripping drum and when it is idle and in the process of towing harvested stands. Control over the synchronous change in the values of the angular displacement of the combs of the combing drum is carried out by a recording device in the cab of the harvesting machine by means of an incoming signal from sensors on the drive of the mechanism of angular displacement of the combs (not shown).

To do this, the working fluid (hydraulic fluid or air) is supplied under pressure (when the actuator is in the first embodiment in the form of cylinders in the support pins 2 of the stripping drum) through a passage 13 (see FIG. 1) into one of the chambers 14 of the support pins 2. The passage channel 13 and the chamber 14 of the support pin 2 on the opposite side of the housing 4 of the combing drum of the header are simultaneously connected to the discharge of the working fluid into the pipeline. The working fluid acts on the piston 15 and moves it. The latter simultaneously moves the shaft 1 relative to the housing 4 of the combing drum of the header by means of splined joints 16a. In this case, the splined connections 16b provide rotation relative to the shaft 1 of the rotary disks 3. The axial movement of the shaft 1 is carried out until the piston 15 stops at the end of the chamber 14 connected to the drain.

The rotary disks 3 during their angular movement act through the fingers 10 through the radial grooves 9 on the leads 8, which rotate the longitudinal axis 7 together with the removable combs 5. By stopping the supply of the working fluid to the chamber 14 of the support axle 2, the necessary angular displacement of the removable combs 5 is limited. the angular movement of the removable combs 5 is carried out by feeding the working fluid under pressure into the chamber 14 of the pin 2, previously connected to the drain. The movable splined connection 16a of the shaft 1 with the housing 4 of the combing drum provides the possibility of axial movement of the first relative to the second, as well as the synchronization of torque transmission from the shaft 1 to the housing 4 of the combing drum.

The movable spline connection 16b of the rotary disks 3 on the shaft 1 provides the possibility of angular movement of the first relative to the latter and angular movement of the removable combs 5 relative to the housing 4 of the combing drum of the header.

When the drive is executed in the form of external two or one cylinders 17 of double-acting (second embodiment - figa and figb), its work is carried out in this way. The working fluid under pressure is fed into the cavity 23 under the piston 24 of one of the cylinders 17, and in the second cylinder 17 the working fluid is simultaneously fed into the cavity 22 above the stem 24. In this case, the remaining cavities of both cylinders 17 are connected to the discharge of the working fluid through the pipeline into the tank. The pistons 24 of both cylinders 17 move their rods, which rotate the two shoulders of the levers 21. The latter, by means of forks 20 and pushers 19, move the shaft 1 in the axial direction of the shaft 1 in the housing 4 of the combing drum due to the movable spline joints 16a. At the same time, thanks to the spline connections 16b, the rotary disks 3 are angularly moved on the shaft 1, as well as the removable combs 5 are angled by the relative body 4 of the combing drum.

The proposed technical solutions will improve the efficiency of the adaptation method and the operational characteristics of the combing drum of the header due to a significant reduction in the time spent on the operational change of the angle of inclination of the teeth of the combs to the radius of the combing drum without stopping it and the header in accordance with the variable characteristics of the harvested grain crops.

Technical solutions can be implemented in the designs of new and upgraded stripping reels of the reapers with their highly adaptive combs with a variable angle of inclination of their teeth relative to the radius of the drum, mechanisms and drives for their control.

Claims (4)

1. The method of adaptation of the combing drum of the header to the variable characteristics of the harvested grain stands of cereal crops, including a simultaneous change in the angle of inclination of the teeth of the combs to the radius of the combing drum, characterized in that the change of the angle of inclination of the teeth of the comb is carried out without stopping the operation of the combing drum and header. 2. A device for adapting the harvesting drum of the header to the variable characteristics of the harvested grain stand of cereal crops, consisting of the harvesting drum of the header in the form of a shaft with support pins for mounting on the header housing and rotary disks mounted on each end of the shaft, the combing drum housing with removable combs with teeth and a mechanism for their synchronous angular movement in the composition of the rotary longitudinal axes on the body of the stripping drum and an occasion fixed to each of their ends s with radial grooves, conjugated with the fingers of said rotary disk, characterized in that the rotary shaft wheels header stripper drum provided with a drive of their angular displacement, and the bearing journals of its shaft fixed to the drum housing of the header stripper, wherein said drive means. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the angular displacement drive of the rotary disks of the shaft of the stripping drum of the header is made in the form of cylinders of passage channels and chambers with pistons for the working fluid - hydraulic fluid or air, and the pistons are in contact with the ends of the shaft, and installation rotary disks on the shaft and the latter with the housing of the stripping drum made by means of movable splined joints, while the spline connection of the shaft with the housing of the stripping drum is made coaxially with the shaft, and the splined connection of the shaft with rotary disks - at an angle to the axis of the shaft, and the angle of inclination of these spline connections at each end of the shaft is the same, in addition, the chambers of the shaft support pins are communicated with each other by pipelines so that when the working fluid is supplied under pressure into one of them, the second is combined with its exit to the pipeline for discharge and vice versa. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the angular drive of the rotary disks of the shaft of the stripping drum of the header is made in the form of pushers placed in the passage channels of the support pins and connected by internal ends with threaded connections to each of the ends of the shaft of the stripping drum, while the outer ends the pushers are coupled with forks on the first shoulders of the two-arm levers pivotally mounted on each side of the header body, in addition, the cylinders for the working fluid are made in the form of two remote cylinders double-sided about the actions pivotally mounted on each side of the header body and connected by rods to the second shoulders of the two-arm levers, in addition, the cavities above the pistons and below them of both remote cylinders are interconnected in such a way that the working fluid under pressure is simultaneously fed into the cavity under the piston one of them and above the piston of the second cylinder, and vice versa.

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