RU2202165C2 - Grain combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: grain combine has header, inclined chamber and grain preliminary threshing device arranged between header and inclined chamber. Screen is disposed under preliminary threshing device. Said device has two upper and two lower rolls arranged in two tiers. Upper tier rolls are spring-loaded and provided with mechanism for adjusting gap between these rolls and lower tier rolls, which are positioned for rotation in opposite direction to upper tier rolls. During harvesting of cereals, plant stems are cut off and fed into preliminary threshing device. Grain is partially threshed due to deformation and movement of grain heap between rolls of upper and lower tiers and vibration of spring-loaded rolls of upper tier. The most ripen and valuable grains are separated and fed into hopper for collecting undamaged grains. Such grains are further used as seed material. EFFECT: simplified construction, increased efficiency and improved quality of grain. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to machines for harvesting crops.

 The closest technical solution is a combine harvester, which includes a header, an inclined chamber, a device for pre-threshing grain with a sieve located below it, a screw, an elevator, a thresher, a key straw walker, a drive, a cleaning grate and silos for receiving grain, respectively, from the device for preliminary threshing and threshing apparatus, and a device for pre-threshing grain is installed between the header and the inclined chamber (ed. certificate of the USSR 234026, class A 01 D 41/00, 1969).

 However, in the device for pre-threshing grain, a beat or pin drum is used, which exposes the grain to high dynamic loads when threshing and thereby substantially injures it.

 The purpose of the invention is the allocation of total grain heap of non-injured grain and collecting it in a separate hopper for further use as seeds.

 The problem to which the invention is directed, is to improve the quality of threshing grain.

 The technical result is a decrease in grain injury.

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a combine harvester including a header, an inclined chamber, a device for pre-threshing grain with a sieve located below it, a screw, an elevator, a thresher, a key straw walker, a stacker, a cleaning sieve and silos for receiving grain, respectively, from the device for pre-threshing and threshing apparatus, a device for pre-threshing grain is installed between the header and the inclined chamber and is made in the form of two upper tiers two lower rollers and the upper rollers and are provided with spring loaded tier adjustment mechanism gaps between them and the rollers of the lower tier, which are rotatably mounted rollers toward the upper tier, the auger is located under the preliminary threshing grain sieve device.

 Due to the fact that the device for preliminary threshing of grain is installed between the header and the inclined chamber and made in the form of two upper and two lower rollers arranged in two tiers with the possibility of shockless deformation and movement of the grain mass between them, the above technical result is achieved.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. 1 schematically shows a combine harvester, a longitudinally vertical section.

 Figure 2 - device for pre-threshing grain (side view).

 Figure 3 - device for pre-threshing grain (top view).

 The combine harvester (see Fig. 1) includes a header 1, an inclined chamber 2, a device for pre-threshing grain 3 with a sieve 4 located under it, a screw 5, an elevator 6, a threshing device 7, a key straw walker 8, a stacker 9, a cleaning sieve 10 and hoppers for receiving grain 11, 12, respectively, from the device for pre-threshing and threshing apparatus.

 A device for pre-threshing grain 3 is installed between the header 1 and the inclined chamber 2.

 A device for pre-threshing grain 3 is made in the form of two upper 13 and two lower 14 rollers located in two tiers (figure 2).

 The rollers of the upper tier are individually spring-loaded and equipped with a mechanism 15 for adjusting the gaps between them and the rollers of the lower tier (Fig. 3).

 The rollers of the lower tier 14 are installed so that they can rotate towards the rollers of the upper tier 13 using the drive 16.

 Combine harvester (see figure 1) works as follows.

 When harvesting on the root, the stems of the plants are cut by the header 1 and fed into the device for preliminary threshing of grain 3, which is installed between the header 1 and the inclined chamber 2.

The mechanism 15 for adjusting the gaps pre-threshing grain 3 is adjusted to the recommended gaps between the rollers of the upper 13 and lower 14 tiers. The recommended inlet clearance is Δ ₁ , which is less than the average thickness of the flow of bread mass coming from the header 1 to the grain pre-threshing device 3. The clearance at the exit of the grain pre-grinding device Δ _{2 is} less than the gap Δ ₁ .
The drive 16 provides rotation of the rollers of the lower tier 14 towards the rollers of the upper tier 13.

 Due to the deformation and movement of the grain mass between the rollers of the upper 13 and lower 14 tiers and the vibration of the spring-loaded rollers of the upper tier 13, the connection between the grain and the spike is broken. At the same time, the rollers partially thresh and isolate the most ripe and valuable grains.

 When the bread mass falls between the first and second pairs of rollers and after the passage of the second pair of rollers, the degree of compression decreases. This achieves a fluffy layer of heap in the inter-roll space A and space B. The spatial stem lattice contributes to the separation of previously threshed grain into a sieve 4. The threshed and passed through the sieve 4 grain is fed by a screw 5 and an elevator 6 into the hopper 11 to collect non-injured grain.

 The grain mass by the rollers of the device for pre-threshing grain 3 is fed into the inclined chamber 2 and then to the main threshing apparatus 7. Part of the milled grain passes through the concave of the main threshing apparatus 7 and goes to the cleaning sieves 10, part together with straw is sent to the keyboard straw walker 8. Selected at the straw walker, grain and small heaps go to the cleaning sieves 10. Grain after cleaning is fed to the hopper 12. Unfinished ears go to the hammer in the main threshing device 7. Straw with a straw walker and the floor is fed into the stacker 9. Upon filling, the stacker is unloaded.

 Combine harvester allows you to select unharmed grain from a common heap and collect it in a separate hopper for use in the future as seed.

Claims (1)

 Combine harvester, including header, tilting chamber, pre-threshing device for grain with a sieve located underneath, screw, elevator, threshing device, keyboard straw walker, stacker, cleaning sieves and silos for receiving grain, respectively, from the preliminary threshing device and threshing device, moreover, a device for pre-threshing grain is installed between the header and the inclined chamber, characterized in that the device for pre-threshing grain is made in the form located in two Stage two upper and two lower rollers, wherein the rollers of the upper tier are spring loaded and are equipped with a mechanism adjusting the gap between them and the rollers of the lower tier, which are rotatably mounted rollers toward the upper tier, the auger is located under the preliminary threshing grain sieve device.

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