RU2267904C2 - Tangential rotary rice grain harvesting combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: combine has header, conveyor-feeder, threshing-and-combing device, and air-sieve cleaner. Threshing-and-combing device has two drums which may be repositioned, with decks of drums remaining on the previous places. For rice harvesting, stake type drum is positioned the first, and beater-type drum is positioned rearward of stake-type drum to provide for high-quality threshing of rice with minimal crushing thereof. Combine may be used for harvesting of rice as well as other cereal crops due to the possibility of repositioning drums in threshing-and-combing device.

EFFECT: increased efficiency, wider operational capabilities and improved quality of rice grains.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to combines used for harvesting cereal crops and rice and rice.

The basis of the invention is a previously known invention called "Threshing device", the applicant and author of which is N. I. Chursin (author certificate. No. 180901, application No. 942615 / 30-15 of 02/09/1965). Copies of the copyright certificate and recommendations for its implementation are attached to the application No. 2004199993 (000829) dated 12.01.2004. As the closest analogue, the combine is taken according to ed. testimonial. USSR No. 83564, class A 01 D 45/04, 1951.

It is known that for harvesting rice, the biological inflorescence of which is a panicle, radial-rotor and axial-rotary combines are currently used, equipped with threshing and separating devices, which are based on the principles of impact and grinding of the grain mass in the threshing gap. These two types of combines are characterized by the fact that in the first one the supply of plant mass to the drum is carried out along its radius (chord), and in the second - in parallel (along) the axis of the drum.

They differ also in coarse heap separators and are designed mainly for harvesting cereals and ears of crops, the biological inflorescence of which is a complex spike. As a result of their use in rice harvesting, an unacceptably high percentage of losses is formed: free grain in straw, ground, crushing and collapsing rice. In addition, waterlogged rice-stalk mass is a cause of frequent disruption of the technological process and, as a result, leads to jamming of drums in combines with radial-rotor threshing and separating devices, and in axial-rotary combines to form straw bundles from which it is impossible to shake the grain, and it naturally goes to losses.

All this is the reason for the large losses of the rice crop and a significant decrease in its quality in the form of crushing and collapsing of grain, which contradicts the agrotechnical requirements for these combines.

In the proposed rice and combine harvester to eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages, as well as for its equally successful use both in harvesting cereals and ears, and in harvesting rice, reducing weight and dimensions of the machine, an alternative, fundamentally new scheme of the technological process of the combine with the use of multi-purpose threshing tangential rotary type stripping device.

A threshing and combining device of this type allows the combine, including the motor-running gear, drive and control mechanisms, to work equally successfully both in harvesting cereals and ears of corn, and in harvesting rice. It consists of a receiving device; two drums, the working surfaces of which differ in that one drum is beaten and the other is ring-shaped; two bar-plank decks and a straw screw conveyor, located directly behind the deck of the second concave perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the combine.

The drums are positioned relative to each other so that the crop, processed in the first concave, enters the second concave in the same way as in the first case, tangentially to the circumference of the second drum without any auxiliary mechanisms. The diameters and lengths of both drums are the same size.

When harvesting cereals and ears of crops, the drum type is the first to be installed, and when harvesting rice, the drum type is installed, which does not thresh but comb the rice panicles coming into it. At the same time, decks located along an arc of a circle of both drums remain in their former places. Thus, as a result of the mutual rearrangement of the drums, the threshing-combing device turns into a combing-threshing device, and vice versa.

The use of this multi-purpose threshing-combing device, developed according to the so-called principle of rational movement of plant mass along its entire processing chain, eliminates the need for a number of mechanisms and individual parts that perform both basic and auxiliary functions in rice grain harvesters. These include: a keyboard straw walker, a pounding device, a receiving, breaker and flip beaters, a screen, a lower and upper spike auger conveyors, a spike elevator and all drives to these mechanisms.

The drawing schematically depicts a tangentially rotary rice and grain combine harvester in which a multi-purpose threshing-combing device of tangentially rotary type is used. For several years, prototypes of such a device were subjected to laboratory and field tests in the Rostov State Central Design Bureau for a complex of grain-harvesting machines, SevkavMIS and Krasnodar Territory for harvesting cereals and ears and rice. In the course of these tests, positive results were obtained, on the basis of which VISKHOM and the Committee on Inventions and Discoveries under the Council of Ministers of the USSR recommended the Ministry of Tractor and Agricultural Engineering to implement the invention under the name "Threshing device" (author certificate No. 180901). But due to various reasons and circumstances, unfortunately, it still remains unrealized in the combine version, and the economy of grain-growing and rice-growing farms in the country continues to suffer from loss of precious crops.

When moving the tangentially rotary rice combine harvester across the field, the plant mass coming from the harvesting part with the help of the feeder-conveyor 1, depending on the crop being harvested, is fed into the threshing-combing or combing-threshing device 2 along the tangent to the circumference of the first drum 3.

After threshing the ears or combing the rice panicles with drum 3, the grain heap wakes up through the deck of the deck 4, and straw with an unfinished spike and free grain remaining in it, as well as incompletely combed rice panicles are sent to the second drum 5, as in the first case, tangentially its circumference. Here the final grinding of the ears or separation of the grains of rice remaining in the panicles takes place, and under the action of centrifugal forces they freely wake up through the grate of deck 6.

The grain heap waking up through both grates of Dec 4 and 6 falls onto the conveyor belt 8 located under the threshing and stripping device, which moves it with a uniformly distributed flow to the air-sieve cleaning 9. The cleaned grain is conveyed by screw conveyors 10 and 11 to the hopper 12 s unloading device.

Empty straw with a drum 5 is thrown into the space between the turns of the screw conveyor 7, which removes it from the zone of movement of the grain heap entering the conveyor belt 8 from the first concave, outside the thresher.

Further utilization of straw and flooring is carried out according to various technological schemes, depending on the needs of these products on farms.

It should be especially noted that the principles of impact and grinding of plant mass underlying the threshing of cereals and ears of corn are unacceptable for harvesting rice because of its tendency to crush and collapse.

Therefore, in the proposed harvester, when harvesting rice, the first drum is of the ring type, working on the principle of combing rice panicles, rather than hitting them. In addition, he does not create conditions, unlike the beat drum, for compressing and grinding the rice-stalk mass in the first concave, which would contribute to the collapse of rice grains.

Claims (3)

1. Tangentially rotary rice and grain combine harvester, including header, conveyor-feeder, threshing-rotary-type threshing and combing device, screw grain conveyor, air-sieve cleaning, hopper with unloading device, motor-running gear, drive and control mechanisms, characterized in that it is equipped with a screw conveyor straw and a conveyor belt of grain heap, moreover, the threshing and combing device is made in the form of two sequentially installed with the possibility of mutual interchange the drums while maintaining the position of their decks in the same places, while the first harvesting drum is installed on the rice harvester, followed by the beat drum. 2. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that a screw conveyor for straw is installed behind the second drum. 3. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that a belt conveyor of a grain pile is installed under the threshing-combing device.