RU2415552C1 - Feeder of combine harvester thresher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the sphere of agricultural engineering industry. The combine comprises a harvesting part with an output window, an intermediate beater and an inclined chamber with transporting elements in the form of serially installed beaters. An auger of narrowing type is installed in front of the output window with a finger mechanism with turns of opposite direction, ends of which are arranged in front of the output window. Each beater of the inclined chamber is arranged in the form of a driving shaft, the section of which is shaped as the right polyhedron, where spacing collars and discs are serially arranged with alternation. Axis of the disc symmetry is displaced from the axis of the driving shaft rotation. A threshing-transporting element is mounted on the peripheral section of each disc. On the first beater the specified element is arranged from a rod of round section and is oval-shaped with opened ends. Its rounded section and ends are fixed in slots at the end of disc. At the second beater the threshing-transporting element of round section has zigzag shape. Its ends and the middle section are mounted in slots at the end of disc. At the third beater the threshing-transporting element of round section has ellipse shape. Its rounded section is mounted in the disc hole, and open ends are mounted in slots at the disc end.

EFFECT: feeder of combine harvester thresher increases yield of biologically valuable grain for seed purposes to up to 45%.

5 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the designs of reaping parts and inclined chambers of combine harvesters.

A threshing device is known comprising a clamping conveyor and a drum with stripping elements located on it, in which, in order to improve threshing efficiency and reduce flax seed losses, the stripping elements are made in the form of gear disks inclined to the axis of the drum; for combing flax of various humidity, the drum is equipped with a mechanism for adjusting the angle of inclination of the gear discs (SU, copyright certificate No. 1119628. A. M. Kl. ³ A01F 11/02. Threshing device / M.Yu. Kazchishin, I.V. Baranov, A .A. Gvozdarev, S. I. Loginov (USSR) .- Application No. 3583493/30 - 15; Claimed 04/21/1983; Publish. 10.23.1984, Bull. No. 39 // Discovery. Inventions. - 1984. - No. 39 )

The disadvantages of the described threshing device in relation to the problem we are solving - obtaining 40-45% of biologically valuable grain with minimal injury to the seeds for seed purposes - include winding stems, ears and panicles of rice on the teeth of the discs.

It is known a threshing-separating device containing a pair of receiving rollers and two rows of faceted threshing rollers pairwise installed behind them, on the surface of which screw coils are placed, in which, in order to intensify the threshing and increase grain separation, segmented teeth are placed on the faces of the threshing rollers, which are installed perpendicular to their planes and at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the roller, and the teeth of adjacent faces are directed in opposite directions (SU, copyright certificate No. 1159508. AM class. ⁴ A 01F 12/18. Threshing and separating device / A.K. Kuzmenko (USSR) .- Application No. 3635932 / 30-15; Announced 08/19/1983; Publish. 07.06.1985, Bull. No. 21 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1985. - No. 21).

The use of the described threshing and separating as a feeder of the inclined chamber of the combine harvester leads to an excessive complexity of the design, and segmented teeth contact only with the upper layer of stems in the roll space.

A threshing device is known, including two rows of shafts installed in a counter-rotational manner with threshing working bodies made in the form of disks mounted on shafts at an angle to their longitudinal axis, in which, in order to improve threshing performance and quality of threshing, the shafts of the upper tier shafts are mounted relative to the shafts the lower tier with overlapping, and the extreme disks on each shaft are fixed perpendicular to the axis of the shaft and are equipped with protrusions located on the inside of these disks (SU, copyright certificate No. 1132829. A1. M.cl. ⁴ A01D 41/00 Threshing device / Yu.M. Zalesky, V. A. Grozubinsky, V. D. Grishin, K. A. Sorokin, M. N. Nagaev, M. .G. Zalesky, AMMedvedev, Yu.M. Sokolov (USSR) - Application No. 3641004 / 30-15; Announced 06/15/1983; Publish. 07.01.1985, Bull. No. 1 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1985. - No. 1).

The disadvantages of the described threshing device include the low efficiency of the disks, inclined at an angle of rotation axis.

A threshing device is known, comprising two rows of tiered installed shafts equipped with a common drive with threshing bodies mounted on them in the form of disks, the planes of which do not coincide with the plane of rotation of any of their points, in which, in order to reduce injury to the grains, the disks are mounted with the possibility of oscillations in the direction axes of shafts by means of an additional drive (SU, copyright certificate No. 1486091. A1. Mcl ⁴ A01F 7/00, 12/18. Threshing device / MN Nagaev, V. M. Nagaev (USSR). - Application No. 4248656 / 30-15; Stated 04/13/1987; Op bl 15.06.1989, Bul № 22 // Discoveries Inventions -.... 1989. - №22).

The disadvantages of the threshing device include the low efficiency of threshing the ears with discs and excessive complexity of the design.

Known for a breaker or intermediate beater of a threshing-separating device containing disks mounted on a shaft, between which blades are installed, in which, with the aim of intensifying the process of separating grain from a straw pile, the disks are located at an angle to the shaft axis (SU, copyright certificate No. 1158088. A. M .cl. ⁴ A01F 12/18. Demolition or intermediate beater of the threshing and separating device / V. M. Khalansky, Yu. N. Yarmashev, I. V. Gorbachev, A. P. Garbuzov (USSR) - Application No. 3408603 / 30-15; Stated 03/18/1982; Publish. 05/30/1985, Bull. No. 20 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1985. - 20).

The disadvantages of the described bumper beater include the low efficiency of the impact of the discs inclined to the axis of rotation on the layers of the bread mass.

Known threshing apparatus, comprising a housing with two beater drums mounted on parallel shafts, and the beats of one drum enter the gap between the beats of the other when their rotation is coordinated, in which, in order to reduce the specific power for threshing and improve the quality of seeds, the drums are made of a set of discs, on the surface of which there are wedge-shaped beats in the radial direction, one side face of which is fixed on the surface of the disk, the other makes an angle with it less than the angle of friction of the plant the object hit the material, and the surface of the base - in a logarithmic spiral; the ratio of the height of the wedge and the average thickness of the spike of the threshed plant is 1: 1, and the ratio of the distance between the disks of one shaft and the average thickness of the spike is 5: 1; on the parallel shafts between the discs there are restrictive bushings with holders rigidly fixed to the casing (SU, copyright certificate No. 715059. Mcl ² A01F 7/02. Threshing apparatus / G.E. Listopad, V. K. Makarov (USSR) .- Application No. 2661407 / 30-15; Stated 09/12/1978; Publish. 02.15.1980, Bull. No. 6 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1980. - No. 6).

The disadvantages of the described threshing apparatus, despite the presence of drive disks and wedge-shaped beats, include a large number of injured grains due to the low-tech manufacturing of working bodies.

Known is the feeder of a thresher of a combine harvester, including a harvesting part with an exit window and a narrowing screw equipped with a finger mechanism equipped with turns in the opposite direction, the ends of which are located in front of the exit window, an intermediate beater and an inclined chamber with transporting elements, in which, for the purpose of increased throughput the ability of the thresher by improving the uniformity and uniformity of the structure of the mass flow, reducing the material consumption, the complexity of manufacturing and installation by the unification of the harvesting parts, the width of the output window of the harvesting part is made smaller than the width of the housing of the inclined chamber, while the intermediate beater is installed in the narrowing zone; the intermediate beater is equipped with a cutting element; the intermediate beater is equipped with coils of narrowing type; the intermediate beater is equipped with a finger mechanism; the narrowing zone is made in the form of a spacer; the inclined chamber is equipped with a conveyor type conveyor; the transporting elements of the inclined chamber are made in the form of beaters and are equipped with additional dividing elements; the housing of the inclined chamber is made stepwise in width (SU, copyright certificate No. 1515409. A1. M.cl. ⁴ A01F 12/10, A01D 41/12. Feeder thresher for combine harvester / A.I. Rusanov, Yu.N. Yarmashev, A .A. Lyakh, A.I. Gerasimenko, V. B. Sachko, V. I. Smirnov, G. M. Zhuravleva (USSR) .- Application No. 4368339 / 30-15; Stated 01/22/1988; Publ. 1989, Bull. No. 38).

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is the intensification of the process of threshing, separation and transportation of biologically valuable grain in an inclined chamber of a combine harvester.

EFFECT: obtaining 40-45% of biologically valuable grain with minimal trauma to the embryos for seed production purposes.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known feeder of the thresher of a combine harvester, comprising a reaping part with an exit window and a narrowing screw equipped with a finger mechanism equipped with turns in the opposite direction, the ends of which are located in front of the exit window, an intermediate beater and an inclined camera with transporting elements in the form of sequentially set beaters, according to the invention, each beater is made in the form of regular polygons in cross section a drive shaft, sequentially mounted on it with alternating distance bushings and disks, the axis of symmetry of which is offset from the axis of rotation of the drive shaft, while on the peripheral section of each disk a threshing-transporting element is mounted, on the first beater, this element is made of a round cross-section rod and has on the plan view, the shape of an oval with the divorced ends, fixed by the ends and a rounded section in the grooves on the end of the disk, on the second beater the threshing-transporting element of round cross section The line has a zigzag shape, the end and middle sections of which are mounted in grooves on the end of the disk, on the third beater, each threshing-transporting element of circular cross section has the shape of an ellipse, the rounded section of which is mounted in the hole of the disk, offset from the disk end towards the axis of rotation, and the divorced the ends of the element are mounted in grooves on the end of the disk; each threshing-transporting element in the grooves on the end of the disk is fixed with welds; tangent to the convex surface of the threshing-transporting element to the plane of the disk is inclined at an angle equal to the angle of friction of the stem mass on the surface of the said element; the diameter of the rod is made equal to 6 ... 12 mm; the depth of each groove at the end of the disk is 30 ... 40% greater than the diameter of the rod of the threshing-transporting element.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the feeder thresher of a combine harvester, in plan view.

In Fig.2 is a section GG in Fig.1, a cross-vertical section of the first beater of the inclined chamber in the form of eccentrically mounted flat disks with a threshing-transporting element in the peripheral section from the axis of rotation of the drive shaft, having the shape of a regular polygon in cross section.

In Fig.3 - place A in Fig.1, a threshing-transporting element on the disk of the first beater of the inclined camera.

In Fig.4 is a section DD in Fig.1, a transverse vertical section of the second beater of the inclined chamber in the form of eccentrically mounted flat disks with a threshing-transporting element in the peripheral section from the axis of rotation of the drive shaft, having a zigzag shape.

In Fig.5 - place B in Fig.1, a threshing-transporting element of a zigzag shape on the disk of the second beater of the inclined camera.

In Fig.6 is a cross-section EE in Fig.1, a transverse vertical section of the third beater of the inclined chamber in the form of eccentrically mounted flat disks with a threshing-transporting element in the peripheral section from the axis of rotation of the drive shaft, having the shape of an ellipse.

In Fig.7 is a section B in Fig.1, a threshing-transporting element in the form of an ellipse, part of which is placed in the hole on the disk, and the other in the grooves on the end of the disk.

On Fig - section FJ in Fig.6, the placement of the rounded end of the threshing-transporting element in the hole of the disk.

In Fig.9 - section ZZ in Fig.5 and 6, fixing the ends of the round rod with welds in the grooves on the end of the disk.

Figure 10 - section II in figure 3, the placement of the rod in the groove at the end of the flat disk.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The drive of the thresher of a combine harvester includes a harvesting part 1 with an exit window 2 and a narrowing screw 3 with a finger mechanism 4. A screw 3 is equipped with turns 5 and 6 of the opposite direction. The oppozitno-installed ends of the turns 5 and 6 of the screw 3 are located in front of the output window 2 of the platform of the harvesting part 1. Behind the output window 2 are mounted an intermediate beater 7 and an inclined chamber 8. The inclined chamber 8 kinematically connects the harvesting part 1 with the case 9 of the thresher, in which the axial threshing and separating device 10. In the inclined chamber 8 is installed transporting elements in the form of sequentially installed beaters 11, 12 and 13 (figure 1).

Each beater 11 (12, 13) is made in the form of a drive shaft 14, disks 15 and spacer sleeves 16. The drive shaft 14 in cross section has the shape of a regular polygon (in particular, a hexagon). The spacer sleeves 16 are mounted alternately with the disks 15 on the drive shaft 14. The axis of symmetry of the disk 15 is offset from the axis of rotation 18. The axis of rotation 18 of the disk 15 is aligned with the hex hole. The disks 15 on the drive shaft 14 are mounted in a sliding fit, as well as the distance bushings 16. Each drive shaft 14 of the beaters 11-13 on the sides of the threshing chamber 8 is mounted by means of bearing bearings. At the ends of the drive shafts 14 of the beaters 11-13 and the intermediate beater 7, the hubs of the sprockets and the closed loop of the chain drive 19 are installed (Fig. 1). The cutting apparatus 20 on the harvesting part 1 and the screw 3 with an intermediate beater 7 receive a rotation drive from a V-belt transmission 21.

On the peripheral section from the axis of rotation 18 of each disk 15, a threshing-transporting element 22 is mounted (see Fig. 2-10).

On the first beater 11, the threshing-transporting element 22 has an oval shape in a plan view (Fig. 3) (an oval is a closed convex flat curve with a continuously changing tangent - AM Nikishina, VB Orlov. Explanatory mathematical dictionary. Basic terms: about 2500 terms. - M .: Rus.yaz., 1989 .-- 244 s, 186 ill.). To expand the functionality of the element 22 and its mounting at the end of the disk 15, its ends 23 are divorced. The divorced ends 23 and the rounded section 24, the element 22 is mounted in the grooves 25, 26 and 27 on the end of the disk 15 (see Fig.2-3). The depth H of the grooves 25, 26 and 27 on the end face of the disk 15 is 30-40% greater than the diameter d of the rod of the threshing-transporting element 22. Each threshing-transporting element 22 in the grooves 25, 26 and 27 on the end of the disk 15 is fixed with welds (see Fig. 9 and 10).

Tangent 28 (see figure 3) to the convex surface of the threshing-transporting element to the plane of the disk 15 is inclined at the greatest angle α (figure 3), equal to the angle of friction of the stem mass on the surface of the said element 22.

On the second beater 12, the threshing-transporting element 22 of circular cross section has a zigzag shape (see Figs. 4 and 5). The end sections 29, 30 and the middle section 31 of the element 22 are mounted in the grooves 32, 33 and 34 at the end of the disk 15 (see figure 4, 5 and 9).

On the third beater 13, each threshing-transporting element 22 (see FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, 9) has an ellipse shape. Its rounded portion 35 is mounted in the hole 36 of the disk 15. The axis of the hole 36 is offset from the end of the disk 15 in the direction of the axis of rotation 18 (Fig.6). The divorced ends 37 and 38 of the element 22 are mounted in the grooves 39 and 40 at the end of the disk 15. The gap S (Fig.7) is made more than the thickness T of the disk 15.

5 × 45 ° chamfers are made on the edges of each disk 15 to exclude grain injuries and interruption of stalks of grain crops.

Feeder thresher combine harvester works as follows.

With direct combining and translational movement of the body 9 of the thresher of a combine harvester with a cutting apparatus 20, the stalks of grain crops are cut at a given height. Cut stems are laid on the platform of the reaping part 1. By turns 5 and 6 of the screw 3 of the narrowing type, the stems are shifted to the middle part of the platform of the reaping part 1. Using the finger mechanism 4, the stems are moved to the exit window 3. The bread flow from the window 3 by the intermediate beater 7 is directed into the cavity of the inclined chamber 8.

In the cavity of the inclined chamber 8, the first beater enters the technological process 11. With each eccentrically installed disk 15, the layer of bread mass is divided into vertical layers smoothly from top to bottom. At the same time, threshing-transporting elements 22 come into operation on disks 15 peripheral to the axis of rotation 18. Each of them displaces the stalk layer, deforms, grains are combed out of the spike, each stalk is oriented in the direction of rotation of the disks 15 and the stalk layer moves in an inclined direction chamber 8. The threshed grain, floor, spikelets, stems and leaves of the threshing-transporting elements 22 of the disks 15 of the first beater 11 are moved along the bottom of the inclined chamber 8.

The disks 15 due to the spacer sleeves 16 on the second beater 12 are offset toward the side wall of the inclined chamber 8 by 1/3 of the step between adjacent disks 15 (see figure 1). Due to this, each disk 15 on the drive shaft 14 in a new place, the layer of stems is cut vertically from above and threshing-transporting elements 22 process the ears on pristine stems. Due to the zigzag shape of the elements 22 (see Fig. 5), the stalk layer is subjected to lateral vibration-shock loads. The threshed biologically valuable grain falls on the bottom of the inclined chamber 8. A layer of stems is fed further to the third bit 13.

On the third beater 13, the disks 15 are offset from the side wall of the inclined chamber 8 by 2/3 of the step between the disks 15 (Fig. 1). Due to the different arrangement of each threshing-transporting element 22 on the disks 15, not only the tow stem mass is removed, but also the threshing products are intensively moved to the case 9 of the combine harvester thresher. The stalks of the cereal mass with part of the remaining hard-to-grind grain are fed for hammering into the axial threshing and separating device 10. The threshed, biologically valuable grain is sent from the bottom of the inclined chamber 8 to the surface of the conveyor board for wind-sieve cleaning. Seed grain is accumulated in a separate hopper.

Claims (5)

1. The feeder of the thresher of a combine harvester, comprising a harvesting part with an exit window and a narrowing screw with a finger mechanism fitted in front of it, equipped with turns of the opposite direction, the ends of which are located in front of the exit window, an intermediate beater and an inclined chamber with transporting elements in the form of sequentially installed beaters, characterized in that each beater is made in the form of a drive shaft having a regular polygon in cross section, sequentially mounted on it with a succession distance bushings and disks, the axis of symmetry of which is offset from the axis of rotation of the drive shaft, while a threshing-transporting element is mounted on the peripheral section of each disk, on the first beater, this element is made of a round rod and has an oval shape in plan view with the ends apart fixed by the ends and the rounded section in the grooves on the end of the disk, on the second beater the threshing-transporting element of circular cross section has a zigzag shape, the end and middle sections of which They are mounted in grooves on the end of the disk, on the third beater, each threshing-transporting element of circular cross section has the shape of an ellipse, the rounded portion of which is mounted in the hole of the disk, offset from the end of the disk towards the axis of rotation, and the divorced ends of the element are mounted in grooves on the end of the disk. 2. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that each threshing-transporting element in the grooves on the end of the disk is fixed with welds. 3. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the tangent to the convex surface of the threshing-transporting element to the plane of the disk is inclined at an angle equal to the angle of friction of the stem mass on the surface of the said element. 4. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the rod is made equal to 6 ÷ 12 mm 5. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth of each groove at the end of the disk is 30–40% greater than the diameter of the rod of the threshing-transporting element.

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