RU2363142C1 - Grain combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: grain combine includes harvester, inclined chamber, device of grain preliminary thrashing, threshing mechanism and wind-sieve treatment. Device of grain preliminary thrashing is implemented in the form of located double-decked two top and two bottom rollers. Under bottom rollers there are located sieve and screw for grains removing. Each roller allows rotation drive and includes blade made of elastically deformed material with cross section in form of logarithmic spiral. Rolls in each pair rotate to opposite sides, and its blades roll one by other without sliding. Blade tips are implemented circular. For fixation of blades each frame of roller allows long slot. Axial throw of blade lengthwise groove is restricted by flanges fixed on butts of frame.

EFFECT: receiving of biologically valuable seeded grain at reduction of its traumatise.

7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to machines for harvesting cereal crops for seed purposes.

A threshing-separating device is known, including a drum equipped with pests on the head and a bar-and-deck deck located under it, in which at least one scouring on the head is equipped with an individual adjustment mechanism for its position and is installed at a greater distance from the axis of rotation of the drum compared to adjacent pests the mechanism of individual adjustment of the position of the scourge on the head is made in the form of a threaded sleeve with a flange, the latter being installed between the scourge and the head and the sleeve is fixed with a nut from the back side of the head girder (RU, patent No. 2191237. C2. IPC ⁷ A01F 12/18, A01F 12/20, A01F 12/22. Threshing and separating device / OA Fedorova (RU). - Application No. 2000105020/13; claimed 02.29.2000; publ. 04.20.2002).

In the described threshing-separating device, the threshing of grain occurs with a greater degree of probability on the first plank of the deck than on the planks subsequent to it. The protruding scourge of a rotating drum is hit on the bread mass on the first bar and its grinding on the next. However, in existing combines, along with the grain mass, biologically valuable, full-weighted grain selected earlier by the working bodies of the header and an inclined chamber is fed. This grain on the first plank of the deck receives the most injury. In serial combines there is no means for separating injured grains from non-injured for seed.

The closest analogue to the claimed object includes a combine harvester, including a header, an inclined chamber, a device for pre-threshing grain with a sieve located below it, a screw, an elevator, a threshing machine, a keyboard straw walker, a stacker, a cleaning sieve and silos for receiving grain, respectively, from the device for pre-threshing and threshing apparatus, and the device for pre-threshing grain is installed between the header and the inclined chamber, in which the device for pre-threshing the grain lot is made in the form of two upper and two lower rollers arranged in two tiers, the upper tier rollers being spring-loaded and equipped with a mechanism for adjusting the gaps between them and the lower tier rollers, which are mounted for rotation of the upper tier rollers, while the screw is located under the pre-screen sieve threshing grain (RU, patent No. 2202165. C2. IPC ⁷ A01D 41/00, A01D 41/02, A01D 41/12, A01F 12/18. Combine harvester / A.N. Tseplyaev, A.I. Ryadnov, O. A. Fedorova (RU). - Application No. 2000109659/13; claimed 04/17/2000; publ. 04/20/2003).

The disadvantages of the described funds include the fact that the described rolls of circular cross section do not have a separating ability. Of 30% of threshed grain by the working bodies of the header and the inclined chamber, no more than 2% is released. The remaining full grain goes to the thresher of the combine harvester and is subjected to significant injury and crushing.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to obtain biologically valuable seed grain before threshing with a threshing machine of a combine harvester.

The technical result is a reduction in the number of injured grains in the grain stream with the largest mass of 1000 pieces for seed production purposes.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a known combine harvester, including a header, an inclined chamber, a device for preliminary threshing of grain in the form of two upper and two lower rollers arranged in two tiers with a sieve and auger for removing grain located under it, a receiving beater, a threshing machine , a bumper beater, a straw walker, wind cleaning, screws and elevators, hoppers for seed and commercial grain, a stacker, a running gear and an engine, according to the invention, having a rotation drive each roller with capped with a blade of elastically deformable material, the cross section of the blade is given the shape of a logarithmic spiral, described by the equation in polar coordinates:

ρ = ρ ₀ q q ^{/ 2π} ,

where ρ ₀ is the polar radius of the point on the surface of the blade;

q is the growth coefficient;

φ is the angle of rotation of the polar radius from the initial position,

in each pair of rollers, blades are installed with identical logarithmic spirals and rotating in opposite directions around their poles, aligned with the centers of rotation of the rollers and rolling one blade along the other without sliding, a rounded shape is given to the edges of the blades along their long side, a longitudinal groove is made in each roll frame intersecting the outer and inner surfaces of the frame for placing and fixing the rounded edge of the blade, while the axial movement of the blade along the groove is limited and flanges at the ends of the carcass, mounted on a drum shaft.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a header with an inclined chamber and a device for pre-threshing grain before feeding the bread mass into the thresher of a combine harvester, a longitudinally vertical section.

Figure 2 is a transverse vertical section of the first pair of rollers with blades of elastically deformable material.

Figure 3 is a transverse vertical section of a second pair of rollers with blades having the form of a logarithmic spiral.

Figure 4 shows the right branch of a logarithmic spiral.

Figure 5 - section aa in figure 3, a longitudinal section of the upper roller of the first pair of rollers of the device for pre-threshing grain.

In Fig.6 is a section bB in Fig.5, the cross section of the frame of the roller with a longitudinal groove and the blade with a rounded edge in the cavity of the frame.

Figure 7 presents the synchronizing transmission of the drive rollers and auger for the removal of full-grain grain.

The combine harvester (see Fig. 1) includes a header 1, an inclined chamber 2, a device 3 for pre-threshing grain in the form of two upper rollers 4 and 5 and two lower rollers 6 and 7 located in two tiers with a sieve 8 and a screw 9 located under them for removal of grain by an additional elevator. Due to the widespread popularity of the additional elevator, receiving beater, threshing machine, chipper, straw walker, windbreaker cleaning, augers and elevators of the thresher, seed and commodity grain bins, stacker, undercarriage and engine are not shown in the attached drawings.

The header 1, having a welded frame, is equipped with a reel 10 with straps 11 and spring fingers, a cutting device 12 with open fingers, a conveyor belt 13, a screw conveyor 14 with a finger mechanism 15, hydraulically supported skis 16, a hydraulic actuator 17 for controlling the position of the axis of the reel 10 over the elongated platform 18.

The tilt chamber 2 is provided with a rotor 19.

The device 3 pre-threshing grain is placed between the inclined chamber 2 and the thresher of the combine harvester. The device 3 with the thresher of the combine is coupled with hinges made with the coverage of the drive shaft 20.

A pulley 21 is installed on the right end of the drive shaft 20 to drive the rotor 19 in the inclined chamber 2 and an asterisk for chain drive of the rollers 4, 5, 6, 7 and the screw 9.

Each roll 4-7 having a rotational drive is equipped with a blade 22 made of an elastically deformable material, for example, carbon steel sheet (Steel 65G) with a thickness of 3 to 5 mm. The cross section of the blade 22 is given the shape of a logarithmic spiral 23 (see figure 2, 3 and 4). The shape of the logarithmic spiral 23 is described by the equation in polar coordinates:

ρ = ρ ₀ q q ^{/ 2π} ,

where ρ ₀ is the polar radius of the point on the surface of the blade 22;

q is the growth coefficient;

φ is the angle of rotation of the polar radius from the initial position.

Definition of a logarithmic spiral. Let the straight line UV (Fig. 4) uniformly rotate around a fixed point O (pole), and the point D ₃ moves along UV, moving away from O at a speed proportional to the distance OM. The line described by point M is called a logarithmic spiral.

The rotation of the straight UV from any position by a given angle ω (= ∠М ₀ ОМ ₁ ) corresponds to the same relation ОМ ₁ : ОМ _{0 of} polar radii. In other words: if a pair of points M ₀ , M _{1 of a} logarithmic spiral is visible from the pole at the same angle as another pair of points N ₀ , N _{1 of} the same spiral, then the triangles OM ₀ M ₁ and ON ₀ N ₁ are similar.

The ratio q of the finite polar radius (OA ₁ ) to the initial (OA _-1 ) when the UV line is rotated by an angle of + 2π will be called the growth coefficient of the logarithmic spiral.

Right and left spirals. If the removal of point M from the pole O is accompanied by rotation of the straight UV counterclockwise, then the logarithmic spiral is called the right; otherwise, left. For the right spiral, the growth coefficient q> 1, for the left q <1. At q = 1, the spiral degenerates into a circle.

The right and left spirals, for which the growth coefficient in the work gives 1, can be combined, but for this it is necessary to make the front side of one of them back.

Construction. To build a right-hand logarithmic spiral with a given growth coefficient q, divide a circle with the center O into n = 2 ^k equal parts by points B ₀ , B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ ..., following each other in the opposite direction to the clock arrows. For definiteness, we put n = 2 ⁴ = 16. On the ray OB ₀ we take an arbitrary point A ₀ and postpone the segment OA ₁ = qOA ₀ . On the segment OA ₁ , as on the diameter, construct a circle O ′ and draw A ₀ K⊥OA ₁ until it intersects with this circle at point K. A circle of radius OK will intersect the ray

OB ₁₂ at point D ₁₂ belonging to the desired helix; the same circle intersects the ray OA ₁ at some point L ′. Draw L′K′⊥OA ₁ to the intersection with the circle O ′ at the point K ′. A circle of radius OK ′ will intersect the beam OB ₁₈ , at the point D ₁₈ belonging to the desired spiral, and the beam OA ₁ - at some point L ″. Through it, we again conduct L ″ K ″ ⊥OА ₁ , etc. Thus, we obtain points D ₁₂ and D ₁₈ .

Countless other spiral points lying on the lines B ₀ B ₁₂ , B ₁ B ₁₃ , etc., can be constructed as follows. At the point D _12, we construct the angle ∠OD ₁₂ Q equal to the angle OD ₁₅ D ₁₄ ; in intersection with ray OB ₁₃ we get the point D _{13 of the} desired spiral. At the point A _1, we construct ∠OA ₁ Q ′ = OD ₁₅ A ₁ ; in intersection with the beam OB ₁ we get the point E ₁ , etc.

The equation in polar coordinates (the pole coincides with the pole of the spiral; the polar axis is drawn through an arbitrary point M _{0 of the} spiral):

where ρ ₀ = OM ₀ is the polar radius of the point M ₀ , and q is the growth coefficient.

Typically, equation (1) is written as

where k is a parameter expressed in terms of the growth coefficient q as follows:

Back

The geometric meaning of the parameter k is read from the relation

where α = ∠OMT is the angle between the straight line OM and the tangent MT.

For right-handed spirals, the parameter k has positive values, for left-handed ones, negative.

Features of the form. With an unlimited number of turns of the direct UV counterclockwise (clockwise), the point M, which describes the right (left) spiral, unlimitedly moves away from the pole and describes an infinite number of turns. With an unlimited number of revolutions in the opposite direction, the point M unlimitedly approaches the pole O, but at any position the direct UV does not coincide with O. Thus, the spiral makes an infinite number of turns also near the pole. However, the length of the arc described by the point M and counted from a certain initial position A _{0 of the} point M, although it increases, is not infinite. It tends to a certain limit s, which is called the arc length OA ₀ . This name is conditional, since the point o, strictly speaking, does not belong to the logarithmic spiral.

Tangent and arc length. The angle α (∠OMT), by which the UV line should be rotated around the point M of the logarithmic spiral so that this line coincides with the tangent MT, is the same for all points of the spiral. The segment MT of the tangent from the point of tangency to the intersection with the straight line OW drawn through the pole O perpendicular to the polar radius OM has the same length s as the arc of the spiral from point M to pole O:

where ρ is the polar radius of OM.

любой дуги LM логарифмической спирали:Length

any arc LM logarithmic spiral:

пропорциональна разности полярных радиусов в ее концах. Чтобы построить отрезок той же длины, достаточно отложить на большем радиусе ОМ отрезок ОР, равный меньшему радиусу OL, и провести через Р прямую РН, перпендикулярную к ОМ. Она пересечет касательную МТ в некоторой точке Н. Отрезок МН - искомый.those. arc length

proportional to the difference of polar radii at its ends. In order to build a segment of the same length, it is enough to postpone the OP segment equal to the smaller radius OL at a larger radius OM and draw a straight PH perpendicular to OM through P. It will intersect the tangent MT at some point N. The segment MN is the desired one.

The angle α is expressed in terms of the growth coefficient q by the formula

Radius and center of curvature. The center of curvature C, corresponding to the point M of the logarithmic spiral, lies at the intersection of the normal of the MC drawn through M with the straight line OW drawn through the pole perpendicular to the polar radius OM. Radius of curvature:

This equality is seen from the triangle COM.

A natural equation (i.e. an equation relating the length of an arc and the radius of curvature):

It flows from (6) and (9); seen from the triangle SMT.

Kinematic property. In the language of kinematics, equation (10) expresses the following property; if the arc of the logarithmic spiral rolls (without slipping) along the straight line AB, then the center of curvature corresponding to the point of contact moves in a straight line inclined to AB at an angle

In each pair of rollers 4, 6 and 5, 7, the blades 22 with identical logarithmic spirals 23 and rotating in opposite directions (ω ₁ , ω ₂ - figures 2 and 3) around their poles aligned with the centers O (figure 4) of the axes rotation of the rollers 4-7 and rolling one blade 22 over another without sliding.

The edges 24 and 25 of the blades 22 along their long side are given a rounded shape with radii r and R (see Fig. 2,3 and 6).

Each roller 4-6 (see FIGS. 5 and 6) has a cold-drawn calibrated shaft 26 with a diameter of 25 mm made of steel 30. The shaft 26 is housed in self-aligning bearings 27. The supports 27 are mounted in flange housings 28 fixed by means of fastening 29 on the side walls 30 of the device 3. At the ends of the shaft 26 there are equal-sized sprockets 31 and 32. The sprocket 31 is connected via a chain drive to the sprocket on the pulley 21 of the drive shaft 20 of the device 3 (see Fig. 1). Asterisks 31 and 32 at the ends of the shaft 26 are fixed by opposed wedge keys 33 in the grooves 34.

On the roller 26 through the flanges 35 mounted frame 36 in the form of a piece of steel thick-walled pipe. The flanges 35 by means of fastening 37 and the mounting pins 38 are fixed on the ends of the frame 36. The frame 36 with the flanges 35 with the possibility of dismantling is mounted on the shaft 26 with wedge keys 33 in the grooves 34.

In each frame 36 rollers 4,5,6 and 7 a longitudinal groove 39 is made (see FIGS. 5 and 6). A longitudinal groove 39 intersects the outer surface 40 and the inner surface 41 of the frame 36. This forms the mating planes 42 and 43 for mating with the blade 22. The longitudinal groove 39 is designed to accommodate and fix a rounded edge 24 with a radius r of the blade 22. The axial movement of the blade 22 along the groove 39 is limited by flanges 35 at the ends of the frame 35. Thus, with the possibility of dismantling, each blade 22 is mounted on the shaft 26 of the rollers 4-6.

The described construction of the rollers 4-6 allows to unify all the details and do without the execution of the blades 22 with the left and right logarithmic spirals 23.

Synchronous rotation of the rollers 4-6 and the shaft of the screw 9 is provided by a closed chain loop 44, established by the coverage of the sprockets 32 at the ends of the shafts 26 of the rollers 4-7 and on the sprocket 45 of the shaft of the screw 9 and the tension sprocket 46 (see Fig. 7).

Combine harvester operates as follows.

When directly combining tines and reels 11 of reel 10, a portion of the stalks of grain ears is separated and fed to the cutting apparatus 12. With the cutting apparatus 12, the stems are cut at the cutting height set by the hydroficated supporting skis 16. The cut stems are laid on the conveyor belt 13 and partially on the turns of the screw 14. With the screw 14, the stems with ears are shifted to the middle of the platform 18 and are fed into the inclined chamber 12 using the finger mechanism 15. By the rotor 19 of the inclined chamber 12, the stalks are fed forward into the first pair of rollers 4 and 5. tyami 22 rotating rollers 4 and 6 are served layer grain mass undergoes vertical displacement between upper and lower blade shafts 26. The weight of the grain layer 22 is exposed and shaking movement to the rollers 5 and 7 of the second pair. The placement of the blades 22 in the rollers 5 and 7 is such that the amplitude of the oscillation amplitude is greatest. The released grain from the layer of grain mass enters the sieve 8 and rolls through it into the trough of the screw 9. By the screw 9 and the kinematically connected elevator, full-weight grain without mechanical injury is sent to the seed grain bin.

At the exit of the second pair of rollers 5, 7, a layer of bread mass is sent to the thresher. The receiving beater feeds the stems into the threshing machine and threshes it. With a chipping beater, the stems are fed to a straw walker and collected in a stacker. The threshed heap arrives for wind-screen cleaning. The cleaned grain enters the silo for the commodity grain.

Intensive shaking by the blades of 22 layers of stems in the device 3 without mechanical impact allows you to select a full grain before feeding into the threshing machine. This achieves the solution of the problem.

Claims (1)

Combine harvester, including a header, an inclined chamber, a device for preliminary threshing of grain in the form of two upper and two lower rollers located in two tiers with a sieve and auger for removing grain located under them, a receiving beater, a threshing machine, a bumper beater, a straw walker, a wind-sieve cleaning, screws and elevators, hoppers for seed and marketable grain, stacker, undercarriage and engine, characterized in that each roll having a rotary drive is equipped with a blade of elastically deformable material transverse to The blade shape is given the shape of a logarithmic spiral, described by the equation in polar coordinates:
ρ = ρ ₀ q q ^{/ 2π} ,
where ρ ₀ is the polar radius of the point on the surface of the blade;
q is the growth coefficient;
φ is the angle of rotation of the polar radius from the initial position, in each pair of rollers there are blades with the same logarithmic spirals and rotating in opposite directions around their poles, combined with the centers of the axes of rotation of the rollers and rolling one blade along the other without sliding, the edges of the blades along their long side a rounded shape is given, in each roll frame a longitudinal groove is made, intersecting the outer and inner surfaces of the frame for placing and fixing the rounded edge of the blade, at The axial movement of the blade along the groove is limited by flanges mounted on the ends of the frame mounted on the roller shaft.

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