RU2486745C1 - Cleaner of grain combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agricultural machinery industry and can be used in the construction of a grain combine harvester. The cleaner of the grain combine harvester comprises a transition grate, sieves, grain and tailings screw conveyor, return elevator with finishing threshing device, a distributor and a ventilator. The distributor is made in the form of a screw and has a housing. To reduce the load imbalance and to improve the quality of work of cleaning along the lower part of the housing of the distributor an additional beam is mounted, which is attached to removable flaps on the edges of the beam in direct harvesting, and at pickup of rolls - in its central part.

EFFECT: device enables to load more uniformly the system of cleaning of the grain combine harvester in width, to reduce grain losses behind the thresher and to reduce the entering of loose grain grains to the tailings screw conveyor.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in the construction of a combine harvester.

It is known a home-milling device with a distribution screw, comprising a housing, a rotor with blades, a shell with a cast deck, while the housing has a neck for installing a screw, which clamps tightly to the pipe of the casing of the distribution screw (see, for example, the book - Combine Harvesters Don ". / Yu.A. Peskov, I.K. Meshcheryakov, Yu.N. Yarmashev, etc. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1986, - 333 pp .: ill. - S.72-73, Fig. 70).

The disadvantages of the described device include the fact that during its operation the threshed heap is evenly distributed over the width of the thresher and does not take into account the peculiarities of the flow of the fine grain heap coming to the cleaning of the combine harvester from the thresher when selecting rolls, when the bulk moves in the central part, and when direct combining at the edges. This leads to an increase in grain loss behind the thresher of a combine harvester.

A known combine harvester comprising a housing located on a uniaxial wheeled drive in which a threshing apparatus, a straw walker, cleaning, a grain and spike auger are connected, associated with an unloading auger equipped with a window with a shutter located above the scrubbing and a mechanism for breaking ears, placed in its initial parts, a trailed grain bunker with a wheel drive, a bread picker, a conveyor feeding straw and floor to the stacker, a bale connecting the combine with a tractor and a grain bunker, a transmission for driving organs from the tractor power take-off shaft, in which, in order to increase productivity and reliability, the combine wheel drive is mounted under the body, while its axis is pivotally connected to the wheel drive axis of the grain hopper by means of an expansion pipe, the mechanism for breaking ears is made in the form of a removable screw an attachment connected to the shaft of the unloading auger, and a half-cylinder deck, and under the window of the unloading auger a thrower is installed to evenly feed the crushed heap for cleaning; the unloading auger is equipped with a swinging grain distributor; its wheel drive is equipped with an additional periodic drive from the rear counter-drive (SU, copyright certificate No. 1400535. A1. class ⁴ A01 41/04. Combine harvester. / V.V. Koptev, E.M. Pirozhenko, I.Ya. Chumachenko (USSR) .- Application No. 3939639 / 30-15. Declared June 10, 1985. Publish. June 7, 1988. Bull. No. 21).

The disadvantages of the described combine harvester include the fact that with a uniform feed of a heap of ground piles for cleaning, grain losses increase by a combine harvester.

A known combine harvester, including a threshing and separating structure, a straw separator, a device transporting small grain heap, a leveling screw with winding in the opposite direction and a device for cleaning grain with a shaking board, in which, in order to improve the structure of a small grain pile on a shaking board, the device transporting small grain heap is located above the shaking board and under the final section of the bottom of the straw separator, while the leveling screw is located above the final section stroystva transporting fine grain heap; leveling auger is made in the form of twin shafts with winding in different directions; the winding of one of the paired shafts is made in the middle part, and the other along its edges.

In the described combine harvester to improve the structure of the small grain heap on the shaking board and, accordingly, to clean the combine, a complicated design is used.

A small spike auger of a combine harvester is known, including the auger itself, enclosed in a casing with an unloading window, under which a tray and a guard are mounted, mounted on the housing of the threshing device, in which the casing has a second unloading window, the auger is made over the entire width of the threshing device, while unloading the windows are located at the edges of the threshing device, and the tray is placed only under one unloading window; the tray is made with the possibility of its rotation (RU, patent No. 2168888, IPC A01F 12/52. Small spike auger of a combine harvester. / A.I. Ryadnov, S.V. Trenev. - Application No. 99125223/13. Declared 11.29.1999. Published on June 20, 2001, Bull. No. 17).

This design of a small spike auger provides the supply of a heap to the edges of the threshing device, however, it is used only on a combine harvester with a classic threshing scheme that does not have a heap-grinding machine.

Cleaning the combine harvester, including a transport board, fan, sieves, grain and spike augers, a heap raking machine with a distribution device, in which, in order to improve the quality of cleaning work when the combine is working on slopes, the distribution device is made in the form of a screw with a sectional casing, moreover, one of the sections is made rotatable and installed with the span of the other and coaxially to it, while in the fixed section there are shaped windows, the axes of which are located on one straight line, and in odvizhnoy window sections are offset relative to each other, moreover, the screw housing sections are stepped edge with the opposite direction of reducing the height of the edges; the rotary section of the casing of the distribution screw is kinematically connected with the pendulum mechanism for automatically adjusting the angle of rotation (SU, copyright certificate No. 1466679. A1. class ⁴ A01F 12/44. Cleaning the combine harvester. / N.V. Chunarev, A.N. Chunarev ( USSR) .- Application No. 4271297 / 30-15. Declared 07/01/1987. Publish. 03/23/1989. Bull. No. 11).

This cleaning of the combine harvester, adopted by us as the closest analogue, is effective only when working on slopes, in addition, the design is difficult to manufacture.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to reduce the unevenness of the load and improve the quality of the cleaning operation during the operation of the combine harvester.

EFFECT: increased productivity of a combine harvester and reduced grain losses.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known cleaning of a combine harvester containing a transport board, a fan, sieves, grain and spike augers, a spike elevator with a grinding device, a switchgear (screw) installed at the end of the transport board and consisting of a casing according to the invention along the lower part of the casing an additional beam is installed, to which removable shields are attached, with the possibility of their location in the central part of the beam or along its edges.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a cleaning scheme of a combine harvester, a longitudinal section; figure 2 - scheme of the switchgear with the supply of ears of heaps at the edges of the cleaning of the combine harvester; figure 3 - diagram of the switchgear with the supply of ears of heaps in the Central part of the cleaning of the combine harvester.

Cleaning the combine harvester includes a fan 1, a transport board 2, a sieve 3, a grain 4 and a spike 5 screws, a spike elevator 6 with a pounding device 7, a switchgear (screw) 8 installed at the end of the transport board 2 and consisting of a casing 9, along the bottom part of the casing is installed an additional beam 10, to which are attached removable shields 11 (figure 1).

Cleaning the combine harvester works as follows.

Through the inspection hatch, removable shields 11 are attached to the transverse beam with direct combining at the edges (Fig. 3), and when selecting rolls, in the central part (Fig. 2).

When the combine harvester is working on the selection of rolls, the flow of small grain heap coming to the cleaning of the combine harvester from the threshing machine mainly moves in the central part, and the threshed heap after the grinding machine 7 with the distributor 8 is fed to the cleaning edges, due to the fact that in the central part of the bar 10 mounted removable shields 11 (figure 2).

When the combine harvester is working on direct combine, the flow of small grain heap coming to the cleaning of the combine harvester from the threshing machine mainly moves along the edges, and the threshed heap after the milling device 7 by the distribution device 8 is fed to the central cleaning, since the edges of the timber 10 are installed removable flaps 11 (figure 3).

Using the proposed device will allow you to more evenly load the cleaning system of the combine harvester in width, reduce grain loss behind the thresher and the removal of free grain in the spike auger.

Claims (1)

Cleaning the combine harvester, including a transport board, fan, sieves, grain and spike augers, a heap raking machine with a distributor made in the form of a screw, characterized in that an additional beam is installed along the bottom of the switchgear casing, to which removable shields are attached with the possibility of their location in the central part of the timber or along its edges.

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