RU2471335C2 - Method of combine harvesting of mustard seed crops at cultivation in rice checks and threshing device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agriculture. The method of harvesting mustard crops involves mowing around the perimetre of technological roads, along the irrigation channel and long side of a rice check. In the phase of milky-wax ripeness of mustard mowing is carried out with the width equal to width of the harvester header. Between these narrow swaths the wide unmown bands are left which are equal to the width of several multiples of the working width of the header. Simultaneously with the mowing of narrow swaths the mustard threshing is carried out for technical purposes. Upon reaching complete ripeness of mustard seeds in wide bands mowing and threshing of mustard seeds is carried out for seed-production purposes. The threshing device comprises a bar-slatted deck and a drum. The drum is made in the form of the drive shaft, wheels, the undervane elements and vanes made of elastic material. Each vane in the cross section has a shape of an equilateral trapezoid. The vane is mounted with its broad base in the transition element. The transition element is attached by fastening means to the wheels and has in the cross section the C-shaped form. The ends of the elastic vanes in transition elements are fixed with tightening devices. The middle parts of the vanes in the transition elements are fixed with retainers.

EFFECT: inventions provide obtaining of mustard seed material with high germination energy and without mechanical damage and microtraumas.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and agricultural machinery, in particular to the technology of cultivating and harvesting mustard in rice checks for seed purposes and to the designs of threshing devices for threshing lightly damaged and small seed crops.

A known method of combine harvesting of grain crops, in which, in order to reduce subsequent labor-intensive processes for the use of straw and at the same time obtain canned coarse feed for cattle, the straw is crushed, mixed with sex and treated with table salt and other preservative, then stacked for storage (SU, copyright certificate No. 101683. M.cl. A01D 28/01, A23K 01/16. Declared 10/06/1953).

In this invention, in relation to the problem we are solving - the production of high-quality mustard seeds when cultivated in rice checks as a sanitizing crop in rice crop rotation due to the residual soil moisture reserves after rice - the grinding of straw and the possibility of its distribution on the surface of the rice check deserve the attention of specialists.

A known method of laying bread mass in the roll, in which, with the aim of drying the bread rolls as quickly as possible, the stalks are installed in the field in a tent-like pattern with ears upward with an oblique arrangement across the roll and forming a longitudinal channel for air circulation (SU, copyright certificate No. 124230. M.cl A01D 57/00, A01D 57/26, A01D 61/00, A01D 35/00. Declared May 21, 1958; Published 1959).

The described method is not acceptable for harvesting mustard stems, because the moisture content of the topsoil soil by the harvesting period does not decrease 36%. Mowing mustard stalks into tent-shaped rolls leads to irreparable loss of mustard grain.

A known method of harvesting and processing oilseeds, mainly sunflower, in which, in order to obtain valuable feed, the harvesting machine cuts and threshes the mass to obtain an uncleaned seed heap on a machine, which is further processed in a hospital, namely, the heap is divided into full seeds and impurities, the latter are dried, crushed and, if necessary, granulated or briquetted (SU, copyright certificate No. 377119. Mcl A01D 91/00, A01D 45/00. Declared 04.09.1972; Publish. 04.17.1973).

Mustard also refers to oilseeds, small seeds and lightly damaged crops. However, the slice of the entire biological mass and its transportation to the stationary processing sites will lead to 50 ... 60% grain loss.

A known method of harvesting cereals, for example rice, in which the mass is cut off, is placed in rolls for drying with a further selection of rolls and their threshing, in which, in order to intensify the drying of the mass cut into the roll, it is cut in two tiers simultaneously, but the mass from the upper tier threshed, and from the bottom - laid in rolls (SU, copyright certificate No. 325933. M.cl. A01D 91/00, A01D 45/04. Declared 02/28/1969; Publ. 19.01.1972).

The described method can only partially solve the problem of obtaining high-quality mustard seeds for seed production purposes. Longline mowing leads to the loss of biologically valuable mustard seeds, and laying mustard rolls on the surface of a rice check leads to the complete death of the grain (rotting, decomposition, damage to agricultural pests).

A known method of harvesting grain, etc. crops, including mowing bread and laying bread mass in rolls on a belt underneath them and subsequent threshing of rolls, in which, with the aim of efficiently using vehicles to transport the entire biological crop, as well as reducing soil compaction by machines when harvesting, a tape laid on her bread mass is pulled to the receiving chamber of the thresher installed at one of the ends of the roll; the grain mass after drying and ripening of the grain is laid on the tape directly when mowing or with the subsequent selection of rolls (SU, copyright certificate No. 301128. M.cl. A01D 91/04, A01D 89/00, A01F 12/10. Declared 09.03.1970; Publ. 06/21/1971).

The described method is not acceptable for harvesting mustard seed crops in rice fields due to irrigation canals and dams with technological roads.

A known method of harvesting crops on irrigated multi-tier sprinkling machines of circular action fields, including sweeping through the center of the field and cutting the harvested plants when the harvester moves along a spiral path from the edge of the field to its center or vice versa, in which, in order to increase the reliability of technological progress and productivity, as well as reducing crop losses, the movement of the harvester within the same headland is carried out with a constant turning radius, and application of this radius is to place a swath (SU, Inventor's Certificate №1253484 A1 M.kl. A01D 91/04 Stated 20.03.1985;... Publ 30.08.1986.).

In the described method of harvesting crops on irrigated fields, the implementation of swaths deserves attention. However, to reduce the loss of mustard grain, swaths should be carried out with threshing panicles of mustard plants and the removal of grain by road. The described scheme does not allow to perform the last operations.

A known method of harvesting crops on irrigated sprinkling machines of circular action fields, including the implementation of the harvesting machine technological swaths through the Central part of the field, circular swath to separate the irrigated part of the field from the irrigated areas, as well as mowing plants on the irrigated part and on the non-irrigated areas, in which, in order to reduce idle crossings of the harvesting machine, circular swathing is performed after the first technological swath and before mowing the first dry section, non-irrigated areas are mowed with alternating subsequent technological swaths, and the irrigated part is mowed after mowing the last non-irrigated area, and each non-irrigated area is mowed when the harvester moves in a circular along its perimeter, starting from the technological swath and ending in the center of the site (SU, copyright certificate No. 1468464. A1. M.cl ^4. A01D 91/04. Declared 04/27/1987; Publ. 03/30/1989).

We have adopted the described method of harvesting crops as the closest analogue.

A known combine harvester comprising a header, an inclined chamber, a device for pre-threshing grain with a sieve located below it, a screw, an elevator, a threshing machine, a straw straw walker, a stacker, a cleaning sieve and silos for receiving grain, respectively, from a preliminary threshing device and a threshing device moreover, a device for pre-threshing grain is installed between the header and the inclined chamber, in which the device for pre-threshing grain is made in the form of two whiskers of the upper and lower rollers, and the rollers of the upper tier are spring-loaded and equipped with a mechanism for adjusting the gaps between them and the rollers of the lower tier, which are mounted to rotate towards the rollers of the upper tier, while the screw is located under the sieve of the preliminary threshing grain (RU, patent No. 2202165. C2. IPC A01D 41/00, 41/02, 41/12, A01F 12/18. Declared April 17, 2000; Published on April 27, 2002).

The described combine harvester, despite the possibility of additional threshing the roll of mustard stalks, does not provide biologically valuable mustard grains due to the lack of grinding ability of the pre-threshing rollers.

A threshing device is known, including two successively mounted threshing drums with decks, between which a guiding shield is installed, and above it a beater rotating in the direction opposite to the rotation of the drums and moving the mass through itself, in which, in order to expand its scope for threshing various cultures, the shield installed between the decks is removable, and the beater is reversible and interchangeable downward, in the position of moving the mass under itself; the beater is mounted on two rotary plates mounted on the side of the frame; the shield installed in the upper position of the beater is solid (SU, copyright certificate No. 254924. M.cl. A01F 12/18. Declared 08.08.1971).

The described threshing device containing two sequentially installed beater drums with beaters damage up to 30% of mustard seeds. The described threshing device does not contain means for separating whole mustard seeds from injured and not suitable for sowing.

Known grater of a heap, for example flax, containing a rotating spring-loaded body with a rubberized corrugated surface, enclosed in a rubberized inside of the casing, forming an annular channel with a cone, in which, in order to improve the conditions for grinding the heap, the cone is inflatable, with a screw arrangement of reefs on it; in order to evenly distribute the heap when it enters the annular channel, in the upper part it is connected to the conical screw; the cone is facing downward with the base (SU, copyright certificate No. 292651. M.cl. A01F 11/02, B02C 19/20. Declared 05/23/1969; Publ. 15.01.1971).

The described heap grater has limited functionality.

It is known a threshing-separating device containing a drive, a feeding conveyor, a pair of receiving spring-loaded and rubberized rollers, and threshing rollers pairwise installed behind them, mutually linked by a synchronizing gear, made in the form of casings with pins and equipped with flexible working elements, in which flexible working elements are made in in the form of an elastic shell covering a casing with longitudinal semicircular hollows mating with semicircular protrusions on the outer surface of the shell, each pair of grinding the pressure rolls are mounted in such a way that at the point of their closest approach, the depression of one roll is located without contact opposite the protrusion of the other roll, while all pairs of rolls, including receiving rolls, are mounted with the possibility of mutual discrete displacement; depressions and protrusions on the shell have the same inverse symmetrical shape; the shells are made of rubber; the outer layer of rubber shells has an elastic modulus of 30-60 times greater, and a coefficient of friction of 1.8-2.1 times less than the corresponding core parameters; the drive of the threshing rollers is configured to control the rotational speed; the receiving rollers are equipped with their own synchronizing gear kinematically connected with the drive in such a way that the rotation frequency of the receiving rollers is less than the rotational speed of the threshing rollers; the drive of the feed conveyor is kinematically connected with the transfer of the receiving rollers in such a way that the speed of the conveyor belt is less than the peripheral speed of the receiving rollers; synchronizing transmission of threshing rollers in the form of kinematically connected with each other, interacting with the upper and lower rows of trunnions, drive blocks with driving and intermediate gears of the same diameter, while the number of driving gears is equal to the number of threshing rollers; at least one of the drive units is installed with the possibility of discrete - vertical and angular - displacements (RU, patent No. 2194382. C1. IPC A01F 11/04, 12/18. Claimed April 9, 2001; Publish. December 20, 2002).

The disadvantages of the described threshing-separating device include excessive design complexity and low threshing ability of spring-loaded round and threshing rollers with flexible elements.

A threshing-separating device is known, including a drum equipped with pests on the head and a bar-and-deck deck located under it, in which at least one scourge on the head is equipped with an individual adjustment mechanism for its position and is installed at a great distance from the axis of rotation of the drum compared to adjacent pests the mechanism of individual adjustment of the position of the scourge on the head is made in the form of a threaded sleeve with a flange, the latter being installed between the scourge and the head headers, and the sleeve is fixed on the back side of the head girder (RU, patent No. 2181237. C2. IPC ⁷ A01F 12/18, 12/20, 12/22. Declared 02.29.2000; Publish. 04.20.2002).

With the described threshing-separating device, up to 30-36% of mustard grain is crushed on the first bar of the bar-slat deck, which is unacceptable.

It is known a threshing-separating device containing a deck, a drum with pests and flexible cantilever-fixed blades, in which, in order to reduce injury to seeds of easily-smashed crops under conditions of portioned mass supply, the blades have a bend facing their bulge in the direction of rotation of the drum, and the ends of the blades are associated with the leading side of the scourges (SU, copyright certificate No. 923440. M.kl ^3. A01F 12/18. Threshing and separating device. Claimed 04/21/1980; Publ. 04/30/1982).

The described device has a low separating ability, which leads to a large injury to the mustard seed.

A device for threshing the described grain heap, consisting of a main drum, a deck, two rollers, in which, in order to increase the threshing completeness, the deck is continuous and provided with a comb in the output part, while the rollers are mounted one above the other on both sides of the comb, and a guide is placed between the comb and the drum; guide plates are installed on the outside of the comb, and conical in height and length of the protrusion on the inside of the comb; the protrusions of the comb and the surface of the guide are made in the form of sections of materials with different coefficients of friction (SU, copyright certificate No. 1253485. A1. M.cl ^4. A01F 12/18, 7/04. Claimed 04/10/1985; Publish. 08/30/1986) .

The solid deck does not allow to remove mustard grains from under the impact of the pests of the drum. This leads to a high degree of damage to the easily damaged and hard-to-treat mustard seeds.

A threshing device is known, including elastic cylindrical drums mounted on a frame with a distance between the axes less than the sum of the radii of the drums, in which, in order to increase the intensity of seed grinding by increasing the area of wiping the mass, the drums are made with different degrees of elasticity, while the drum is more elastic made smaller in diameter; the drum of greater elasticity is equipped with a reciprocating drive along its axis; the drum of lower elasticity is made non-power and equipped with a mechanism for controlling the frequency of its rotation; the drums are made with different air pressures inside them (SU, copyright certificate No. 1287306. A1. M.cl ^4. A01F 12/18; B02B 3/00, A01F 11/04, A01D 43/10. Announced 05/20/1985; Publ. 02/07/1987).

Elastic cylindrical drums of the described threshing device do not emit mustard grain from panicles.

A threshing device is known, including a threshing and separating device with a drive, and the threshing and separating device is made in the form of wave surfaces, in which the upper surfaces are equipped with beats, and the lower decks, in which the upper wave surface is formed by a flexible endless tape with drive drums at the edges, located at different heights and mounted on the shafts eccentrically, inside the belt loop, a spring-loaded tension roller is installed in its upper part, and at least in the lower part two additional ellipsoidal drums mounted on shafts with an eccentricity and 90 ° rotation relative to each other with the possibility of giving, together with the driving drums of the lower branch of the tape, local vertical movements forming a traveling wave directed from entrance to exit, all of these drums are kinematically connected between by means of, for example, a common chain drive, the deck is made in the form of a plate with holes and with bent edges, placed under a tape with a variable gap and equipped with a drive zvratno-translational movement, the drum shafts are mounted for vertical displacement discrete and chain transmission kinematically connected by, e.g., belt transmission drives moving deck and the feeding device and the engine; the drive of the reciprocating movement of the deck is made in the form of a crank mechanism, while the side ends of the deck are placed in grooves on the body; the outer surface of the flexible endless tape provided with protrusions; the front surface of the deck is corrugated; the front surface of the deck is rubberized; a sieve is slanted suspended from the deck on springs; it is equipped with jacks; means for vertical discrete displacement of the shafts are made in the form of screw turnbuckles; the engine is configured to change the speed (RU, patent No. 2173512. C2. IPC ⁷ A01F 12/18. Declared 11/23/1999; Publish. 09/20/2001).

The described device is not suitable for threshing mustard. It has a low separation ability. This leads to unjustified damage to the mustard seed.

Known threshing drum containing disks, henheads, pests and installed between them elastic elements, in which, in order to reduce injury to the grain and its complete grinding, the elastic elements are made in the form of a set of loop-shaped plates (SU, copyright certificate No. 1011075. A. M. class ^3. A01F 12/20. Declared 07.12.1981; Publ. 15.04.1983).

Despite the similarity of the technological problem we are solving, elastic elements do not have sufficient ability to thresh and grind mustard panicles.

Known drum threshing device, consisting of a housing mounted on the shaft and working bodies made of elastic material with cavities having convex external working walls, in which, in order to reduce the mass of the drum and prevent clogging of the threshing device with plant mass, the body and working bodies are made in in the form of a single closed block of elastic material with cavities made in it, in the side walls of which through channels are made to ensure communication between them, while the drum equipped with an air supply and safety system associated with the cavities; the air supply and safety system contains a compressor, an inlet channel made in the body of the drum shaft, with an inlet valve, and a safety valve mounted on the end wall of one of the cavities (SU, copyright certificate No. 1493149. A1. M.cl ^4. A01F 7 / 00, 12/18. Declared 11/17/1987; Published. 07/15/1989).

The described drum has an excessive complexity of the design and does not provide the necessary degree of threshing a heap of mustard stems.

Known drum threshing device containing a housing with ribs and working bodies, the number of which is equal to the number of ribs, in which, in order to reduce grain loss, the housing and working bodies are made in the form of a single block of elastic material with the formation of cavities - chambers between the ribs, while the ribs are made curved along the rotation of the drum; the ribs are made with a variable thickness along their length (SU, copyright certificate 1493151. A1. M.kl ^4. A01F 12/20. Declared 11/17/1987; Publ. 15.07.1989).

The described drum threshing device is not very effective in threshing mustard seeds.

A known threshing drum scourge made in the form of alternating rigid washers and elastic bushings mounted on a rod, in which, in order to ensure threshing completeness and to reduce grain injuries when processing various types of crops, the washers and bushings are mounted on the rod eccentrically, the latter is mounted on the drum by means of elastic elements to ensure rotation of the whip around the axis of the rod, and the portion of the whip facing the direction of rotation of the drum is equipped with rigid elements, and the center of gravity of the scourge is offset from the axis reaping to the axis of rotation of the drum; the working surface of the rigid elements is made corrugated (SU, copyright certificate No. 1189385. A. Mcl ⁴ A01F 12/20. Declared 06/01/1984; Publish. 07.11.1985).

Described pests of prefabricated construction lead to a large number of crushed and injured mustard seeds.

There is a known threshing device scourge containing an elastic body, a reinforcing plate with bent petals and fixing bolts, in which, for the purpose of scouring reliability, the reinforcing plate petals are directed opposite to the scouring direction, and the ends of the petals are bent in the guide plate (SU, copyright certificate No. 1405732. A1. M.cl. ⁴ A01F 7/20. Declared December 16, 1986; Publ. June 30, 1988).

The described scourge of a threshing device requires special equipment for mass production, and an elastic body does not guarantee the production of mustard grain without mechanical injury.

Also known is the threshing machine scourge, in which, in order to simplify the design and manufacturing technology, an annular groove is made in the reinforcing plate around the bolt hole, the base of which is located on the same level as the base of the elastic scourge (SU, copyright certificate No. 1132843. A. M. C. ⁴ A01F 12/18. Declared 06/03/1983; Publish. 07/07/1985).

The described scourge of the threshing apparatus during threshing of mustard stems does not provide sufficient threshing.

A deck of a threshing device is known, comprising transverse bars, longitudinal rods and a shockproof metal element mounted in its front part, in which, in order to reduce grain damage, the shockproof element is made in the form of a roller from alternating segmented elastic bushings and metal washers, moreover, the deck is made a cylindrical groove for accommodating the roller with the possibility of rotation around its axis; the angle of the arc of the section between the front plate and the axis of the roller is 21-27 ° (SU, copyright certificate No. 1124893. A. Mcl. ³ A01F 12/44. Declared 05.26.1983; Publish. 11.23.1984).

In the described threshing deck of the threshing device, the first lath described does not completely grind out the mustard seeds.

Known threshing apparatus for threshing lightly damaged crops, such as castor oil, including a deck, a drum with henheads movable in the diametrical plane of the drum, bearing scourges on elastic ends and installed on the periphery of the drum limiting mobility stops, in which, in order to reduce damage to seeds and wear of the working bodies, the stops are located in front of the headers along the drum; pests in cross section have the shape of an isosceles triangle (SU, copyright certificate No. 429778. M.cl. A01F 11/00, A01F 12/18. Declared 02.15.1972; Publ. 30.05.1974).

In the described threshing apparatus, which we adopted as the closest analogue, a complete and high-quality grinding of mustard grain is not achieved with direct combining.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to obtain marketable and seed grain of mustard from one rice check due to the residual soil moisture reserves.

EFFECT: obtaining mustard seed grain with high germination energy and without mechanical damage.

The specified technical result in terms of technology is achieved by the fact that in the known method for harvesting mustard seed crops when cultivating in rice checks, including sweeping along the perimeter of the technological roads, along the irrigation canal and the long side of the rice check, cutting and threshing the mustard plants when the harvester is moving , grinding the stems and laying them on beveled strips, according to the invention, in the phase of milk-wax ripeness, thresh mustard seeds for technical purposes and carry out narrow swaths with a width of either 3.2 m or 4.1 m equal to the width of the header of the harvesting machine, leaving wide, non-beveled strips between them, the width of which is a multiple of the width of the narrow strips, and when full (technical) ripeness of mustard seeds is reached, the broad strips are cut and threshed for seed purposes.

The specified technical result in terms of technical means is achieved by the fact that in the known threshing device for threshing lightly damaged crops, for example mustard, containing a bar-plank deck, a drum in the form of a drive shaft fixed on it by wedge-shaped keys of disks with headers installed in pairs in the diametrical plane drum, and whips of elastic material, fixed with the possibility of dismantling on the headers, according to the invention, each scour in the section is given the shape p vnobokoy trapeze mounted broad base in the transition member having a cross-sectional C-shape, the ends of the elastic elements in the transition pests fixed tensioning devices, and the middle portions of pests - retainers.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 - rice check with crops of mustard after swaths, view in plan;

figure 2 - section aa in figure 1, a transverse vertical section of a rice check with swaths and strips of mustard plants for seed purposes;

figure 3 is a transverse vertical section of a threshing device for threshing seed mustard;

figure 4 is a section bB in figure 3, a diametrical section of a disk, a henhead and a scourge of a threshing device;

figure 5 - place In figure 4, the tension device of the elastic scourge at the butt end of the hen head;

6 is a cross-section GG in figure 4, a cross section of the gantry and the elastic scourge in it with a device for fixing the scourge in the gantry;

Fig.7 is a cross section DD in Fig.4, means of fastening of the head henna to the frame of the beat drum.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed device, in terms of technology and technical means, are as follows.

A method for harvesting mustard seed crops when cultivated in rice fields 1 includes swaths 2, 3, 4 and 5 along the perimeter of technological roads 6, 7 and 8, along irrigation channel 9 and parallel (equidistant) to the long side of rice field 1 (Fig. 1 and 2). When the harvester is moving, mustard plants are cut and threshed and laid on beveled strips in swaths 2-5. Mustard stalks can be chopped into threshing after threshing. The crushed mass of stems and mustard scavenger are plowed into the arable layer of the soil in a rice check for its rehabilitation. The alternation of mustard crops in rice fields, as a crop rotation, is necessary for the suppression of weeds that are sharply competing with rice plants, and the destruction of agricultural larvae. pests and suppression of pathogenic microflora and aeration of the upper root horizons of the soil in a rice check. There are plenty of residual soil moisture reserves in the rice check for the period of mustard vegetation. And, as a rule, due to soil moisture reserves, mustard harvesting periods are delayed. This leads to the shedding of mustard seeds, the loss of biologically valuable seeds and their damage to agricultural products. pests.

To obtain marketable and seed mustard seeds, two-phase direct combining of mustard crops in rice checks is carried out.

In the phase of milk-wax ripeness of mustard seeds in rice check 1, the mustard is mowed and threshed in swaths 2-5. The width of the swaths 2-5 is equal to either 3.2 m or 4.1 m, which corresponds to the width of the headers (reapers) of combine harvesters (SK-3, SK-4M, SK-5 "Niva", SK-6 "Kolos" and other models produced by domestic combine-building in the former USSR). Between the narrow swaths 2-5 leave wide non-beveled stripes 10, the width of which is a multiple of ₁ : ₂ = 1: 2 or 1: 3-m width of narrow swaths 2-5. In bands 10 there is an intensive ripening of mustard seeds on the vine. Mustard stalks acquire the same moisture content from butt to panicle. Pods on panicles do not crack. In bands 10, the “edge effect” is triggered. Thus, in rice check 1 in the upper soil layer, its moisture content decreases and comfortable conditions for harvesting and transport of vehicles are provided when unloading grain from the hoppers of harvesting machines.

Stalks of mustard with uniform humidity are mowed and crushed by harvesting machines, and full-fledged mustard grain, after part-time work, is sent to seed purposes. Due to the ripening of mustard seeds on the root (and not in the roll), each seed has a high germination energy and the highest oil content in it.

Mustard seeds threshed in swaths 2-5 are used for technical purposes: mustard, mustard, as a food product, preservative when laying silage crops and for other purposes.

The threshing device (FIGS. 3-7) for threshing lightly damaged crops, such as mustard, contains a bar-plate deck 11, a drum 12 in the form of a drive shaft 13, disks 14, henheads 15 and pests 16 of elastic material. The disks 14 with rivets are connected to the headers 15 in pairs installed in the diametrical plane and form a hollow cylindrical frame of increased strength. The drum 12 on the drive shaft 13 is fixed by the wedge dowels 17 placed opposite in the grooves of the shaft 13 and in the grooves of the flanges 18 (Fig. 3). Pests 16 of elastic material on the headers 15 are fixed with the possibility of dismantling.

Each scourge 16 in the section is given the shape of an isosceles trapezoid (Figs. 3, 5, 6 and 7). The pests 16 are mounted with wide bases in the transition elements 19. Each transition element 10 has a C-shape in cross section and is made of sheet steel 4 mm thick, which has been given a trough-like shape to accommodate the flexible scourge 16 so that its smaller base protrudes by 24 mm over the edges 20 of the transition element 19. The ends of the elastic pests 16 (see Figs. 4 and 5) in the transition elements 19 are fixed by the tensioning devices 21. Each device 21 has a stop bar 22, a bolt 23 and a threaded bar 24. The stop bar 22 is placed in the slots 25 at the end of the transition element 19. This limits the radial movement of the retaining plate 22 on the drum 12. In the end part of the elastic scourge 16 there is a blind hole 26 with a diameter of 13 mm for installing the threaded part 23 and the groove 27 for accommodating the threaded plate 24.

In actual production conditions, the used v-belts for SK-3, SK-4, SK-5M, SK-6, SKD-5R, and other used combine harvester belts are used. At the end of the elastic scourge 16, a trough-like channel of the transition element 19 is introduced. With a thresher width of 1200 ± 1 mm, the length of the scourges 16 is 1170 ± 2 mm. Next, the threaded straps 24 are inserted into the grooves 25 at the ends of the pests 16, having previously pushed the pest 16 beyond the edge of the element 19. Next, the pest 16 with the threaded straps 24 is returned to its original position. A spring washer 28 is put on the bolt 23 and it is inserted into the hole of the retaining plate 22. The end of the bolt 23 is inserted into the blind hole 26 and its threaded end is screwed into the bar 24. When the bolt 23 is screwed in, the scourge device 21 is laid along the trough-like grooves of the transition elements 19 in the tensioned position.

To eliminate lateral displacements of pests 16 in the transition elements 19 in the middle part under the elements 19, the latches 29 are mounted in the form of a bolt and a lock nut 30. The end face of the bolt 29 rests on the lower wide base of the pest 16, lifting it above the threaded sections of the element 19.

Fenders 15 on the drum 12 (figure 3) are placed within the boundaries of the described circle with a diameter of D ₁ . The transition elements 19 with pests 16 of the running belts of combine harvesters allow you to form a drum 12 with a described circle D ₂ equal to 600 - 2 mm This allows the drum 12 to be mounted in threshers of existing and commercially available domestic production of combine harvesters, production after 2000. Bar-plate deck 1 remains without structural changes.

The transition elements 19 can be fastening means 31 (Figs. 4 and 7) are fixed both to the headers 15 and to the disks 14 of the drum 12.

A threshing device for threshing lightly damaged crops, such as mustard, works as follows.

With direct combining of wide strips, 10 stalks with mustard panicles from the reaping part are tilted to the threshing space between the bar-plank deck 1 and the rotating scourges 16. Up to 40 ... 45% of violations occur due to the impact of pest 16 from the elastic material on the first plank of deck 1 ties panicles with stalks of mustard. Due to the high height of the pests 16 in the transition elements 19 between the disks 14 of the drum 12, a hollow space is created where the stems swell due to friction forces. This allows you to free the mustard seeds and send them between the slats and rods of deck 1 for wind cleaning the harvesting machine. The frontal edges of pests 16 are grinding of mustard panicles on the surface of the deck.

The design of pests 16 of the running belts of combine harvesters ensures their long life. Mustard seeds having the required mass of 1000 pieces, with minimal damage after cleaning, enter the grain hopper as seed material.

Thus, the described methods and threshing device provide a full-weight mustard seed material.

Claims (2)

1. A method for harvesting mustard seed crops when cultivated in rice fields, including sweeping along the perimeter of technological roads, along the irrigation canal and the long side of the rice field, cutting and threshing mustard plants when the harvester is moving, grinding the stems and laying them on beveled strips, characterized in that in the phase of milk-wax ripeness they thresh mustard seeds for technical purposes and perform narrow swaths with a width of either 3.2 m or 4.1 m, equal to the width of the header of the harvester, leaving between them are wide, not slanted strips, the width of which is a multiple of the width of the narrow strips, and when full technical maturity of the mustard seeds is reached, the broad strips are cut and threshed for seed production purposes. 2. A threshing device for threshing mustard seed crops, containing a bar-slat deck, a drum in the form of a drive shaft, wedge-mounted keys of disks with headers installed in pairs in the diametrical plane of the drum, and whips made of elastic material, fixed with the possibility of dismantling on the headers characterized in that each scourge in the section is given the shape of an isosceles trapezoid mounted with a wide base in the transition element having a C-shape in section, the ends being elastic x pests in transition elements fixed tensioning devices and the middle portions of pests - retainers.

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