RU2560632C2 - Method of standing harvesting crops and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, especially to harvesting standing crops. In implementing the method of harvesting the seeds are separated from the inflorescences and pneumatically transported into the hopper for sorting. The seeds are separated by blowing and transverse air circulations. The crop harvesting device comprises a self-propelled chassis. On the chassis, the pneumatic system of transportation of seeds, sorting, hopper, the cutting unit and the frame are mounted. On the frame the dividers of stems and the mechanism of separation of seeds are placed. The mechanism of separation of seeds is made in the form of rows of pairs of pneumo-intake devices. The pneumo-intake devices comprise a hollow shaft with an impeller mounted on the housing. On each hollow shaft a pinion is mounted. The pinion reference diameter is equal to the diameter of the housing of the pneumo-intake device. In each pair of the pneumo-intake devices the pinions engage.

EFFECT: simplified design of the harvesting tool and reduction of seed damage is provided.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the harvesting of crops.

A known method of harvesting grain and other crops with a combine, including separating grains and ears from the stalks with a combing header and feeding the resulting heap to the combine thresher to isolate free grain.

To implement this method, the combine harvester includes a device for collecting the productive part of the crop, made in the form of a harvesting header, an inclined conveyor, a receiving beater, a separator for separating free grain from a heap, a threshing drum with a concave, a breaker beater with a grill, a transport board, cleaning with a fan and sieves located behind the transport board, grain elevator and grain silo (Shabanov P.A. and Shabanov N.P. Threshing in the vine - further development of the two-phase method of threshing grain. Zh: “Achievements of science and technology of the agro-industrial complex.” - 2006, - No. 8, p. 9, Fig. 3).

The disadvantage of this method of harvesting is trauma and grain loss during towing, as well as the complexity of the design of the combine harvester.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method of harvesting crops on the vine, comprising separating seeds from inflorescences of plants by extrusion, and before separation, the stems of the plants are pre-squeezed, and then the separated seeds are pneumatically transported to the hopper for sorting.

A device for implementing this method of harvesting crops contains a self-propelled chassis with a frame rotatable in the vertical plane, on which the dividers of the stems are placed with alternating short and long guides and a mechanism for separating seeds made in the form of a series of pairs of rotating rollers. The rollers are made in the form of truncated cones coated with elastic and antistatic material, facing smaller bases along the device and equipped with motors. In this case, the cones in a pair are installed with the possibility of pressing them together in a vertical plane by the side surfaces. Each pair of rollers is equipped with a seed receiver, which is pneumatic on the side of the stalk divider. The chassis also has a pneumatic system for moving seeds, a cutting apparatus for cutting stems, sorting and a hopper (prototype RU No. 2076570, class A01D 91/04, A01D 41/08, 1997).

The disadvantage of this method of harvesting crops is the complexity of the design of the technical means for its implementation, as well as the mechanical effect on the seeds of plants, which can lead to damage.

The objective of the present invention is to reduce seed injuries and simplify the design of technical means for harvesting crops on the vine.

The task is achieved in that the separation of seeds from inflorescences is carried out by blowing and transverse circulations of the air stream, after which the same stream is used to pneumatically transport the separated seeds to the hopper for sorting. A device for implementing this method of harvesting crops contains a self-propelled chassis with mounted pneumatic system for transporting seeds, sorting, hopper, cutting apparatus and frame. On the frame are placed the dividers of the stems and the mechanism for separating seeds, made in the form of rows of pairs of pneumatic intake devices containing a hollow shaft with an impeller installed in the housing. A gear is fixed on each hollow shaft, the dividing diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the housing of the pneumatic intake device, with gears engaging in each pair of pneumatic intake devices.

The invention is illustrated by illustrations.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of the proposed device (side view), figure 2 is a diagram of the proposed device (top view), figure 3 is a pair of air intake devices.

A device for harvesting crops on the vine (FIG. 1, FIG. 2) contains a self-propelled chassis 1 on which a frame 2 is mounted with dividers 3 of stalks mounted on it and a mechanism for separating seeds made in the form of rows of pneumatic intake devices 4. Air intake device 4 ( FIG. 2) comprises a housing 5 (FIG. 3), in which an impeller 7 is fixed on the hollow shaft 6. In each row of the seed separation mechanism, air sampling devices 4 are installed in pairs and, via gear 8, are connected to the engine 9, and in each pair of stumps intake devices 4 hollow shafts 6 are connected by gears 10, the dividing diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the housing 5. Pneumatic intake devices 4 (figure 2) are connected with the pneumatic system 11 for transporting seeds. In addition to the frame 2 on a self-propelled chassis 1 mounted sorting 12 seeds, as well as a hopper 13 for seeds and a cutting device 14.

The proposed method of harvesting crops on the vine is as follows.

When the device moves across the field with dividers 3, the stems of the plants are separated, then their upper part with the spike falls into the coverage area of the pneumatic intake device 4, while the engine 9 rotates the hollow shafts 6 with the impellers 7 mounted on them through the transmission and gear set 10. by impellers, the air flow hits the casing 5, due to which its blowing and transverse circulations arise. In this case, the presence of gears 10 provides counter-rotation of the impellers 7 in pairs of pneumatic intake devices 4, so that the air flows do not cancel each other. Under the influence of the arising circulations of air flows, the seeds are extracted from the ears and the same air flow through the hollow shaft 6 and the pneumatic system 11 is transported to sorting 12, and then to the hopper 13. Removing the stems without seeds remaining on the root is carried out by grinding using a cutting device 14.

Claims (2)

1. The method of harvesting crops on the vine, including the separation of seeds from inflorescences and pneumatic transportation of the separated seeds to the hopper for sorting, characterized in that the separation of seeds from inflorescences is carried out by blowing and transverse circulation of air flow. 2. A device for implementing a method of harvesting crops on the vine, containing a self-propelled chassis with mounted pneumatic system for transporting seeds, sorting, a hopper, a cutting apparatus and a frame on which are placed the dividers of the stems and the mechanism of separation of seeds, characterized in that the mechanism of separation of seeds is made in the form rows of pairs of pneumatic intake devices containing a hollow shaft with an impeller installed in the housing, with a gear fixed to each hollow shaft, the pitch diameter of which is equal to the diameter ru housing pnevmozabornogo devices, and each pair of devices pnevmozabornyh gears engage.

Images