RU2489839C2 - Method of harvesting soyabeans on crests and combine for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agriculture. The method of harvesting soyabeans on the crests lies in cutting the stems of soyabean and their transportation to the thrashing machine of the combine for threshing, while at the same time the crests are destroyed, the crop residues are crushed and buried in the soil with lining the surface of the field. The combine for harvesting soyabeans on the crests comprises a header 7, a crop feed elevator 1, a cabin 3 with windshield 4, brackets 14, and a drive of working bodies. On the housing 8 of the header 7 a reel 10 is mounted, a screw 9 and a flexible cutterbar 11 based on the dished shoes 12. The brackets 14 with their one end are pivotally mounted on the housing 8 of the header 7. At the other end of the brackets 14 on the entire width of the header 7 a tillage cutter 15 is mounted. The brackets 14 are controlled by double-acting hydraulic cylinders 16.

EFFECT: use of the group of inventions provides improved performance and reduced losses during harvesting soyabeans.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for harvesting soybeans on ridges and combines for its implementation.

A known method of harvesting soybeans on ridges, consisting of sequential operations: cutting soy stems and transporting them to the thresher of the combine for threshing (self-propelled rice and grain harvester Yenisei-1200R. Technical description and operating instructions. USSR, Moscow, p. 13).

The disadvantages of this method.

1. The speed of the combine is limited regardless of the direction of its movement relative to the ridges:

a) when moving along the ridges due to their different heights, the reaper “hangs” on relatively “high” ridges, leaving a “high” cut on the “low” ridges, which increases soybean loss;

c) when moving at an angle to the direction of the ridges (diagonal of the field) due to the shaking of the harvester on the ridges, the reaper “gallops”, causing increased losses of soybeans, as well as worsening working conditions of the combine.

2. There is no preferred angle of direction of movement of the combine relative to the ridges.

A combine harvester for harvesting soybeans on ridges is known, for example, a Yenisei-1200P combine harvester containing an inclined chamber, a thresher, a cabin, a caterpillar mover, a header with a screw, reel, cutting apparatus, support shoes, drive of working bodies (a self-propelled rice and grain combine harvester) Yenisei-1200R. Technical description and operating instructions. Moscow, USSR, p. 15).

The disadvantage of this combine is the increased loss of soybeans behind the header due to its “galloping”, as well as the rigid attachment of the cutting device to the header body, the lack of a guideline for determining the preferred angle of direction of movement of the combine relative to the ridges, do not allow the combine to move at an optimal speed.

Also known is a method of harvesting soybeans on ridges, consisting of sequential operations.

Cutting soybean stems and transporting them to the thresher of the combine for threshing (combine harvester self-propelled "Yenisei KZS-950" and its modifications. Open Joint-Stock Company "Production Association" Krasnoyarsk Combine Harvester Plant. 2004, p. 11).

The disadvantages of this method.

1. The speed of the combine is limited regardless of the direction of its movement relative to the ridges:

a) when moving along the ridges due to their different heights, the reaper “hangs” on relatively “high” ridges, leaving a “high” cut on the “low” ridges, which increases soybean loss;

c) when moving at an angle to the direction of the ridges (diagonal of the field), the combine moves along the “washing” board, causing the “galloping” of the header, increasing soybean losses, as well as worsening the working conditions of the combine.

2. There is no angle of direction of movement of the combine relative to the ridges.

A combine harvester for harvesting soybeans on ridges is known, for example, a Yenisei KZZ-950 combine harvester consisting of a reaping part, a thresher, a hopper with an unloading device, a motor unit, a power transmission, a running system, controls, a hydraulic system, electrical equipment, and devices for harvesting non-grain parts of the harvest (self-propelled combine harvester Yenisei KZS-950 and its modifications. Operation manual. Open Joint Stock Company Production Association Krasnoyarsk Combine Plant. 2004, p. 11) in aggregate with ZhS-5 weaving with a floating cutting device for soybean harvesting, containing a pivotally balanced balanced body that automatically copies the field relief in the longitudinal and transverse directions at a given cut height, with a quick-connect device with an inclined camera.

The header body is the base, the components of the header are fixed on it: reel, floating cutting apparatus, solid screw conveyor, tilted chamber, spacer, balancing mechanism, rod divider.

In the lower part of the header there are copying shoes, which are the main support of the header (test report No. 02-40-02 (4060302) dated December 10, 2002. Amur State Machine Testing Station. Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. Department of Technical Policy).

The disadvantage of this combine is: an increase in soybean losses due to an increase in cutting height caused by the “galloping” of the header when moving the combine along the ridges, the lack of a guideline to determine the preferred angle of direction of the combine relative to the ridges, worsen the working conditions of the combine and do not allow the combine to move at the optimum speed.

The purpose of the invention:

1. To increase the productivity of the combine for harvesting soybeans on the ridges.

2. Reduce soybean loss.

3. Improve the working conditions of the combine.

The specified goal is achieved:

a) for the method of harvesting soybeans on ridges by the fact that additional operations are simultaneously performed: destroying ridges, crushing and planting crop residues in the soil with leveling the field surface, and the preferred direction of movement of the combine along the field when harvesting soybean on ridges is set at an angle of 45 ° relative to the direction crests;

b) for the combine for harvesting soybeans on the ridges in that using brackets pivotally mounted on the header body at the rear along the direction of travel, on the other end of which, with the possibility of rotation, the soil-cultivating cutter with a double-sided drive is installed over the entire width of the header of the header, while the brackets equipped with double-acting hydraulic cylinders pivotally fixed at one end on the header body, the other on brackets carrying a tillage cutter, which can be made of at least two sections pivotally connected to each other th.

The comb for harvesting soybeans on ridges is equipped with a guideline for determining the preferred angle of 45 ° for the direction of movement of the harvester along the field when harvesting soybeans on ridges relative to the direction of the ridges, for example, in the form of two lines symmetrically located to each other at an angle of 90 °, applied from the inside of the windshield cabs in the field of view of the combine.

Thus, the claimed "method of harvesting soybeans on ridges and a combine for its implementation" meets the criterion of "Novelty."

Signs that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype, in other technical solutions in this area are not identified, which allows us to conclude that the claimed method of harvesting soybeans on the ridges and the combine for its implementation meets the criterion of "significant differences".

Figure 1 shows the combine for harvesting soybeans on the ridges, left view: figure 2 - header of the combine for harvesting soybeans on the ridges, top view; figure 3 - cab harvester for harvesting soybeans on the ridges, in a perspective view, left side view.

A method for harvesting soybeans on ridges comprises the following operations: cutting soybean stems and transporting them to the combine thresher for threshing.

At the same time, additional operations are performed: destruction of ridges, crushing and sowing of crop residues into the soil with leveling of the field surface.

The preferred direction of movement of the combine in the field when harvesting soybeans on the ridges is set at an angle of 45 ° relative to the direction of the ridges.

Additional operations: destruction of ridges, crushing and sowing of crop residues into the soil with leveling the surface of the field are performed simultaneously with operations: cutting soybean stems and transporting them to the combine thresher, which allows:

1. To increase the productivity of the combine for harvesting soybeans on the ridges.

2. Reduce soybean loss.

3. Improve the working conditions of the combine.

The inventive combine for harvesting soybeans on the ridges (Fig. 1) contains an inclined chamber 1, a thresher 2, a cabin 3 with a windshield 4, a driving 5 and 6 driven wheels, a header 7, on the housing 8 of which a screw 9 is installed, a reel 10 copying cutting apparatus 11, supported by dish-shaped shoes 12, drive of working bodies 13.

Using brackets 14, pivotally mounted on the housing 8 of the header 7 at the rear, on the other end of which, with the possibility of rotation, is mounted on the entire width of the header 7, a tillage cutter 15 with two-sided drive, while the brackets 14 are equipped with double-acting hydraulic cylinders 16, pivotally fixed at one end on the housing 8 of the header 7, and at the other on the brackets 14 supporting the tillage cutter 15, which may consist of at least two sections 17 (FIG. 2), pivotally connected to each other.

The harvester is equipped with a reference point 18 (FIG. 3) to determine the preferred angle of 45 ° of the direction of movement of the harvester across the field when harvesting soybeans on ridges relative to the direction of the ridges, for example, in the form of two lines “a” and “b” symmetrically located to each other (FIG. .3) at an angle of 90 °, applied from the inside of the windshield 4 of the cab 3 in the visibility area of the combiner.

The harvester for harvesting soybeans on the ridges (figure 1) works as follows.

When the combine is moving across the field, the reel 10, rotating from the drive of the working bodies 13, captures and brings the stalks of soybeans to the copy cutting apparatus 11, which is supported by dish-shaped shoes 12.

Cut stalks of soybeans with a reel 10 along the bottom of the body 8 of the header 7 are sent to the screw 9 and the inclined chamber 1, then to the thresher 2 for threshing.

At the same time, the rotary tillage cutter 15, mounted rotatably, over the entire width of the header 7 (Fig. 2) at the ends of the brackets 14 pivotally mounted on the housing 8 of the header 7 (Fig. 1) behind in the direction of rotation drive the working bodies 13, destroys the ridges, crushes and plows the crop residues into the soil, levels the surface of the field.

In the absence of the need for the tillage cutter 15 of the above additional operations, it is disconnected from the drive of the working bodies 13 and with the help of hydraulic cylinders 16 of double action is raised to the upper position (Fig. 1 is shown by a dot-dash line).

Depending on the width of the reaper 7, the tillage cutter 15 can be made of at least two sections 17 (Fig. 2) pivotally connected to each other, which ensures optimal loads on the working bodies of the tillage cutter 15, preventing its breakage when performing the same additional operations :

destruction of ridges, crushing and sowing of crop residues into the soil with leveling of the field surface.

Since the tillage cutter 15 (Fig. 1) is mounted on the housing 8 of the header 7 from the rear in the direction of travel, that is, in front of the leading 5 and 6 driven wheels, the combine will move along a level (without ridges) field.

The combiner, being in the cab 3, through the windshield 4 (Fig.3) with his own eye projects a line “a” or “b” on the crest (depending on which side of the field the combine is moving) so that line “a” or “b” visually coincided with the direction of the ridge.

This will be the angle of 45 ° of the preferred direction of movement of the combine along the field relative to the ridge.

The introduction of additional operations in the method of harvesting soybeans on ridges: breaking ridges, crushing and planting crop residues in the soil with leveling the field surface helps to increase the speed of the combine and increase its productivity, reduce the possibility of “galloping” the header, reducing soy losses, and also improves the working conditions of the combine .

The movement of the combine at an angle of 45 ° to the direction of the ridges is preferable, it allows to improve the work of the tillage cutter and the cutting apparatus, since in this case the whole cutting apparatus takes part in cutting soybean stems (also applies to the tillage cutter in performing additional operations).

When moving the cutting part of the knife from the ridge to the furrow, its partial self-cleaning occurs. This facilitates the work of the combine, increases labor productivity.

Introduction to the combine for harvesting soybeans on ridges, a cultivating cutter allows you to destroy ridges, grind and reap the crop residues and level the field surface so that the combine can move on a flat field surface, which increases the speed of the combine and increases its productivity, reduces the possibility of galloping »Reapers, reducing soybean losses, and also improves the working conditions of the combine.

Due to the fact that the brackets carrying the tillage mill are equipped with double-acting hydraulic cylinders, it is possible, if there is no need to perform additional operations by the tillage mill, turn it off and raise it to the upper position.

Depending on the width of the header, the tillage mill can be made of at least two sections pivotally connected to each other, which ensures optimal loads on its working bodies, excluding breakage of the tillage mill.

Equipping the device with a reference point to determine the preferred angle of 45 ° for the direction of the combine harvester along the field when harvesting soybeans on ridges relative to the direction of the ridges, for example, in the form of two lines symmetrically spaced to each other at an angle of 90 °, drawn from the inside of the cab windshield, in visibility combine, facilitates the search for the preferred direction of movement of the combine relative to the ridges.

A device for harvesting soybeans on ridges is made of standard products and can be implemented on standard equipment.

Claims (5)

1. A method of harvesting soybeans on ridges, consisting of sequential operations: cutting soy stems and transporting them to the thresher of the combine for threshing, characterized in that additional operations are simultaneously performed: destroying ridges, crushing and planting crop residues in the soil with leveling the field surface. 2. The method of harvesting soybeans on ridges according to claim 1, characterized in that the preferred direction of movement of the combine in the field when harvesting soybeans on ridges is set at an angle of 45 ° relative to the direction of the ridges. 3. Combine for harvesting soybeans on the ridges, containing an inclined chamber, a thresher, a cabin with a windshield, driving and steered wheels, a header with a screw mounted on its body, a reel, a copy cutting apparatus based on dish-shaped shoes, a drive of working bodies, characterized in that with the help of brackets pivotally mounted on the header body at the rear along the direction of travel, on the other end of which a rotary cultivator with a two-sided drive is mounted with the possibility of rotation over the entire width of the header, the brackets with abzheny double-acting hydraulic cylinders, pivotably secured at one end to the header housing and the other - on the brackets carrying the tillage cutter. 4. Combine for harvesting soybeans on ridges according to claim 3, characterized in that the tillage cutter can be made of at least two sections pivotally connected to each other. 5. Combine for harvesting soybeans on ridges according to claim 3, characterized in that the harvester is equipped with a reference point for determining the preferred angle of 45 ° of the direction of movement of the harvester along the field when harvesting soybean on ridges relative to the direction of the ridges, for example, in the form of two symmetrically located to each other lines at an angle of 90 °, drawn from the inside of the windshield of the cab in the visibility area of the combiner.

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