RU2565025C1 - Header - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: header comprises a housing, a reel, a shoe and a cutting unit. The reel has blades with capronic fingers fastened to their ends, which are made with the ability of bending when entering the stand at high loads. The cutting unit is made in the form of an endless conveyor belt and comprises two cutting machines. Grain-stubble cutting unit is mounted on the front part of the header housing. The stubble cutting unit is mounted under the header housing below and following the grain-stubble unit with the ability to change the height of cutting the stubble and angle of cutting the stubble when moving laterally.

EFFECT: reduction of losses of grain and soil conservation.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering and can be used in the construction of mowers for the care of meadows, pastures, lawns and afforestation.

Known reaper [M.V. Sabers. Agreecultural machines. Agreecultural equipment. Part 1. The device and work. M .: Kolos, 1968. S. 183-185], with the possibility of hanging on a self-propelled combine and on a self-propelled chassis with a working width corresponding to the type of header, for example, for ZhVN-6, the working width is 6 m, etc. The header is connected to the combine with a spherical hinge, which provides copying of the relief of the field surface in both longitudinal and transverse directions. During operation, the machine rests on skids while driving. The pressure on them from the weight of the header is reduced by the springs. The header is raised to the transport position and put into working condition under the influence of a hydraulic mechanism.

Known reapers [M.V. Sabers. Agreecultural machines. Agreecultural equipment. Part 1. The device and work. M .: Kolos, 1968. S. 183-185] contain:

1. Reel reel with the ability to change the position in space and speed.

2 The cutting unit of the header of the normal type, having double fingers with liners riveted to them and a knife with notched segments. The knife is set in motion by a crank-beam mechanism.

3. The conveyor for the delivery of grain stands - linen and strip (auger, belt and others).

The height of cutting (stubble) of the tops within 12-24 cm is adjusted by rearranging the height of the supporting runners. To do this, there are a number of holes through which the fixing bolt is reset.

However, such reapers have a number of drawbacks: they cut breadfruit at a given height and direct the entire cut mass to threshing, including grocery or fodder grain and straw together with sex, which represent roughage for ruminants. When harvesting tall stalks of the grain stand, the reel, dipping into the bread stand, before stalks are brought to the cutting apparatus, rejects them in the opposite direction, and the stems of plants whose center of gravity is higher than the bar are tilted through it and wound on the reel, as a result of which an unexpected grinding of grain occurs and its loss in the field, a large overload of the threshing and separating organs of the combine and the formation of coarse feed depleted in nutrition, since there are much less nutrients in the stems, eat in the ears and floors, cutting unit with a reciprocating movement of the blade causes unwanted inertial forces acting on the car and cut plants, of which the grain falls into the field, forming a deadweight loss.

Cutting the grain stand at a higher height promotes better grinding of the grain, the creation of more nutritious coarse fodder, but creates high stubble, which impedes the work of shelters and plows, causing an additional consumption of fuels and lubricants and other resources.

The technical task of the invention is to reduce grain losses, improve feed quality and preserve soil fertility - is solved by using a reel with plastic tips, an inertialess cutting apparatus of a circular two-level cut with the ability to change the stubble cut angle.

This task is achieved by the fact that in the header containing the housing, reel, cutting apparatus, shoe, characterized in that the reel is made parallel to the axis of the header body with blades, at the ends of which nylon fingers are fixed with the ability to bend when entering the grain stand under heavy loads, excluding its repulsion, and the cutting unit of the header is made in the form of an endless inertialess conveyor rotating in one direction, with segments passing through two cutting units: a grain-mounted one mounted on a per the same part of the header body, and a stubble cutting device installed under the header body below and next to the first device and with the ability to change the cutting height of the stubble formed and the stubble cutting angle relative to the horizon along the front of movement.

The tension devices of the endless conveyor are rollers mounted on cutting machines.

In FIG. 1 shows the main view of the header. In FIG. 2 shows a header view to the left. In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a conveyor of a cutting apparatus.

The header contains a reel 1 with blades on which the nylon fingers are worn 2, the reel is located on the header body 3, a conveyor drive of a continuous cutting apparatus 4, for example a hydraulic motor, a grain-cutting mass cutting apparatus 5 complete with a conveyor; stubble cutting apparatus 6; segments 7 and 8; rollers 9; shoes 10.

. On the reel blades 1 put on kapron fingers 2 and set relative to the housing 3 the height h of the supply of grain-straw mass to the cutting conveyor of the grain stub 5, as well as the cut height and the angle of inclination of the header to the horizon of the cutting apparatus 6 of the stubble mass with shoes 10, check the reliability of attachment and smoothness of entry into the opposing fingers of segments 7 and 8, check the tension of the conveyor and, if necessary, make it stretch by moving the rollers 9, make a trial inclusion in the operation of the drive 4 of the conveyor cutting arats 5 and 6.

After setting up the harvester, the harvesters are beveled by smoothly feeding 2 reel of 1 reel of 1 grain portion to the cutting apparatus 5 with nylon fingers, which is fed to the threshing and separating units of the combine and, after threshing and separating the grain from the floor and straw, is collected in the grain tank, and the straw is collected in shocks or bales and delivered to the coarse feed storage points.

The next cutting apparatus of the conveyor is located after and below the grain-storing apparatus 5 - this is a stubble cutting apparatus 6, which cuts the upper part of the stubble as the header moves forward, and it, falling to the ground, evenly covers it with mulch, protecting it from solar and wind erosion.

The formed ridge surface of the stubble contributes to better snow retention, and together with the established normalized cutting height, it will provide good tillage, its fertilizing with organic residues and, accordingly, will provide a yield increase.

Claims (1)

A header containing a housing, a reel, a cutting apparatus, a shoe, characterized in that the reel is made parallel to the axis of the header housing with blades with nylon fingers fixed at their ends, with the ability to bend when entering the bread-stand under heavy loads, which exclude repulsion, and the cutting apparatus of the header made in the form of an endless conveyor rotating inertialessly in one direction, with segments passing through two cutting units: a grain-mounted one mounted on the front of the header body, and a cutting device stubble mounted below the header body and next to the first apparatus with the ability to change the cutting height of the formed stubble and the stubble cutting angle along the front of movement.

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