RU2682757C1 - Method for treatment of bushy fields and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: method includes bending down, crimping, shredding a shrub and milling soil. After a tractor aggregate bending down, the shrub on the strip between the chain tracks is crushed while simultaneously milling the topsoil to the depth of a carriage running track. Shrub compressed by the chain tracks is milled into strips to the depth of its root zone. From the inner walls of the strips, slits are cut to the depth below the arable layer, they are filled with a ground mass between the chain tracks, after which the soil between the chain tracks of the tractor aggregate is also milled to the depth of the root layer of the shrub with overlapping slits in width. Device includes a tractor aggregate with knife rolls, containing a frame with two sections of knife rolls. Two knife rolls of the front section are installed symmetrically across the chain tracks of the tractor aggregate running track carriage. Intermediate knife roll of a smaller diameter is placed between them, and behind it, a counter knife corresponding to the front section, provided with milling chisel ploughs, installed symmetrically with respect to the inner ends of the front section knife rolls, and a screw with two oppositely directed branches. Milling chisel ploughs are equipped with bunkers, the receiving parts of which are associated with the discharge branches of a screw. Width of a knife roll of the rear section and the corresponding shear knife overlaps the width of the milling chisel ploughs.EFFECT: inventions allow to reduce the energy intensity of processing of bushy fields, provide better conditions for maintaining constant humidity in the arable horizon, accelerate the decomposition of wood residues in the soil and prevent secondary overgrowing of fields.2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to agriculture and can be used for the reclamation of fields overgrown with small bushes on peat and light mineral soils.

A known method of soil treatment in gardens (US Pat. SU No. 1544215, AB 79/00, publ. 02/23/1990, Bull. No. 7), including deep loosening, surface milling, slitting and cutting irrigation furrows, with the aim of increasing yield of fruit crops and tillage efficiency, the processing is carried out along the length of the row-spacing and trunk trunks of adjacent rows in the fall for one pass of the tractor unit, combining two-sided clearing and combing between rows of rhizome weeds in the middle of the row-spacing with milling processing of trunks los, and in the spring across the site repeat similar operations with bilateral cutting irrigation furrows.

The disadvantage of this method is the limited scope of application - combining the combing of roots with surface milling provides efficiency only in the presence of rhizome grassy weeds. In the presence of shrubbery after combing, additional operations are required to grind and plow wood residues, which increases the energy intensity of soil cultivation.

There is also known a method of uprooting shrubbery (Pat. SU No. 1102522, A01G 23/06, publ. 07/15/1984, Bull. No. 26), including the felling of a shrubbery with a tractor, the clamping of a fallen shrubbery with tractor tracks and uprooting with writhing teeth, in which in order to reduce damage to the fertile soil layer, the wriggling teeth are periodically informed about the movement relative to the direction of movement of the tractor.

The disadvantage of this method is the increased energy intensity due to the use of energy for additional lateral movement of the upstream elements. In addition, its use requires additional refinement and disposal of shrub wood.

Closest to the proposed method is the milling of shaded land (Pat. SU No. 452291, IPC AB 79/00, publ. 12/05/1974, Bull. No. 45.), Including milling the soil and shrubs with its preliminary bending and crimping, in which in order to improve the milling of the soil and shrubs and to obtain wood chips unmixed with the soil between the operations of crimping the shrub and milling the soil, the shrub trunks are cut and crushed.

The disadvantage of this method is to increase the energy intensity due to operations on the bending and crimping of the bush before grinding and milling the soil. In addition, shredded shrub wood not mixed with soil requires further disposal.

To eliminate these disadvantages, the proposed method for processing shrubbery fields, including folding, shrinking, shredding the bush and milling the soil, in which, after bending the tractor with the tractor unit, shrubs in the strip between the tracks are milled with simultaneous milling of the upper soil layer to the depth of the track gauge, while the shrubs are compressed by the tracks they are milled into strips to the depth of its root-inhabited layer, slots are cut from the inner walls of the strips to a depth below the arable layer, and they are crushed constant mass between tracks, then milled ground tracks between the tractor unit and to the depth of the root zone bushes overlapping the slits of width.

Known uproader-chopper of wood (US Pat. SU No. 523663, A01G 23/06, publ. 08/05/1976 Bull. No. 29), including a self-propelled chassis, a frame on which are mounted a twisting rotor, a chopper rotor with a clamping beam and a counter a knife and a drive in which, in order to reduce energy consumption and increase productivity in operation, the cutting edges of the chopper rotor knives are directed counterclockwise, and the intermediate knife is located above the axis of rotation of the chopper rotor, and in front of and above the cutting edge of the lower position of the rotor blade knives In the case of pressure, a clamping bar is installed, made for example in the form of a screw with the right and left direction of the spiral.

A disadvantage of the known design is the high energy intensity due to the preliminary bending of the bush and the inability to utilize shredded wood, planting it in the soil.

The closest to the proposed one is a mounted soil cultivator (a. St. SU No. 129067, A01B 37/00, publ. Bull. No. 11 for 1960), designed to work on unforested cutting areas, the working bodies of which are made in the form of two knife drums, rotating from the power take-off shaft, characterized in that in order to simultaneously clean the strips from vegetation and other residues, its drums carry lamellar knives located on a cylindrical surface along a helical line with a certain elevation angle, and the latter, in turn, carry on themselves vertically mounted saber-shaped knives located staggered relative to the surface of the drum.

The disadvantage of this method is the limited scope. Here, only cutting of vegetation and loosening of strips is carried out, while the development of shaded lands requires additional utilization of wood residues.

To eliminate these disadvantages allows the device to implement the specified method, including a tractor unit with knife drums, in which the tractor unit contains a frame with two sections of knife drums, two knife drums of the front section are installed symmetrically across the width of the tracks of the chassis of the tractor unit, an intermediate knife drum is placed between them smaller diameter, and behind it the counter-cutting knife corresponding to the front section, equipped with slitherese mounted symmetrically relative to the inside the front ends of the knife drums of the front section, and a screw with two oppositely directed branches, while the sloters are equipped with bunkers, the receiving parts of which are associated with the discharge branches of the screw, and the width of the knife drum of the rear section and the corresponding opposing knife overlaps the width of the crevices.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the processing of fields overgrown with shrubs is carried out along the width of the chassis of the tractor unit. In this case, the natural shrinkage of the bush in the lumen of the chassis and compression of it with caterpillars as the tractor unit passes through the overgrown field is used. Chopping in the zone of shrinking of the shrub provides processing of wood at rational cutting angles, eliminates the use of bending devices and reduces the energy consumption of the operation. Shredding a shrub with a layer of soil to the depth of the rut provides a mixture of shredded wood with surface grassy vegetation and the upper, mainly dry sod layer. This allows you to prepare the crushed mass for subsequent use as a filtering filling when laying in the slots. The milling of the shrub pressed by the caterpillars together with the soil to the depth of its root layer eliminates the need for a crimping device, ensures the utilization of shredded wood in the soil and the best conditions for subsequent cutting of cracks. Cutting gaps to a depth below the arable layer and filling them with a chopped mixture of wood with grassy residues and soil provides the best conditions for regulating moisture in the arable soil layer. The final milling of the soil between the chassis, performed with the overlapping of the slots in width, ensures the mixing of the previously laid ground mass with soil in the upper part of the slit and obtaining a uniformly processed strip across the width of the tractor.

The proposed design ensures the implementation of the proposed method. Moreover, the installation between the cutting drums of the front section of the additional drum of a smaller diameter allows you to combine deep tillage with crushing pressed wood along the strips of the undercarriage of the tractor unit and crushing the bent ground part between the strips. In passing milling, the mass crushed between the tracks is fed directly to the working area of the screw. The combination of the output part of the branches of the auger with receiving hoppers allows you to fill the cut slots with chopped wood pulp in a mixture with the upper layer of dry soil. The widened knife drum of the rear section allows for deep tillage along with the root part of the plants and the previously laid mass in the upper part of the cracks. The counter-cutting knives of the front and rear sections provide mixing of the crushed wood with the soil, and prevent the removal of wood residues to the field surface.

In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 shows a device for implementing the proposed method, respectively, a top view and a side view. In Fig. 3, sections are shown showing the sequence of processing the shaded fields of the proposed method - A-A - after the tractor passes, B-B - after the front section (along the screw), BB - along the transverse axis of the rear section, C- C - after the passage of the car.

A device for implementing the proposed method includes a base tractor 1, a frame 2, a front section of two cutting drums 3 and an intermediate drum 4 of smaller diameter. On the opposing knife 5 of the front section, a screw 6 with two branches with a right and left direction of the spiral is mounted. Relative to the inner ends of the cutting drums 3, slit-holes 7 are installed with loading hoppers 8. The receiving parts 9 of the hoppers are aligned with the unloading ends of the right and left branches of the screw 6. The width of the cutting drum 10 of the rear section together with the counter knife 11 is increased in both directions by the width of the slit-holes 7. Drive cutting drums and auger is carried out from the tractor power take-off shaft through transfer gears 12 mounted on the frame 2.

The proposed method for processing shaded fields using the proposed device is as follows:

When passing through an overgrown field, the shrub bends along the strip 13 between the chassis and the bends with compression - along the strips 14 of the tractor chassis. Compressed in stripes 14, the shrub is milled with knife drums 3 together with the soil to the depth of the root layer of plants. Slots 15 are cut along the inner edges of the milled strips 14 with slit 7. Simultaneously with the milling of the strips 14, the bush bent along the stripe 13 is crushed by the intermediate drum 4 together with the upper soil layer to the depth of the tractor rut. In the process of grinding, the pulp is thrown by the intermediate drum 4 into the working area of the screw 6. Then, the working mass of the screw 6 is fed into the bins 8 through the receiving part 9 and fills the cavities of the slots 15. Then, with the knife drum 10 of the rear section, the soil is milled on the strip 13 together with the root part of the bush and the upper part of the cracks 15. Processing the area of the overgrown field is carried out in parallel passages of the machine.

Thus, the application of the proposed method, carried out using the proposed device, can reduce the energy intensity of processing shrubbery fields, provide better conditions for maintaining moisture in the arable horizon, accelerating the decomposition of wood residues in the soil and preventing secondary overgrowing of the fields.

Claims (2)

1. A method of processing shrubbed fields, including folding, shrinking, shredding the shrub and milling the soil, characterized in that after bending the tractor with a tractor unit, the shrub in the strip between the tracks is chopped while milling the upper soil layer to the depth of the track gauge, while the shrub compressed by the tracks is milled along the strips to the depth of its root-inhabited layer, from the inner walls of the strips cut gaps to a depth below the arable layer, fill them with ground mass crushed between the tracks, after which they also cut the soil between the tracks of the tractor unit also to the depth of the root layer of the bush with overlapping cracks in width. 2. The device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a tractor unit with knife drums, characterized in that the tractor unit contains a frame with two sections of knife drums, two knife drums of the front section are installed symmetrically across the width of the tracks of the chassis of the tractor unit, located between them an intermediate knife drum of a smaller diameter, and behind it - an opposing knife corresponding to the front section, equipped with slit-holes installed symmetrically relative to the inner ends of the knife drums the front section, and a screw with two oppositely directed branches, while the crevices are equipped with bunkers, the receiving parts of which are associated with the discharge branches of the auger, and the width of the knife drum of the rear section and the corresponding opposing knife overlaps the width of the crevices.

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