RU2248684C2 - Combined tillage machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, soil tillage equipment used for cultivation of farm crops.

SUBSTANCE: tillage machine has frame, rake-type grid adapted for distributing straw over field in windrow spacings. Supporting-driving roller is arranged behind rake-type grid and is adapted for cutting part of straw by means of spines and for deepening cut straw into soil to plowing depth. Upon exit from under roller, straw is ground and mixed with soil. Rotavation drum knives provide for mellowing of soil behind roller. During operation with wet soil, roller spines and rotavation drum knives are mutually cleaned since said knives are positioned between said spines. Roller spines are made in the form of triangles whose one side is oriented in radial direction and other side is extending tangentially to roller circumference.

EFFECT: increased efficiency, uniform distribution of straw from straw windrows followed with grinding and embedding of ground straw, and improved quality of tillage.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tillage machines for the cultivation of crops, such as rice.

Known combined tillage machine (see France, Pat., Class A 01 B 21/00, No. 1601544 from 12.30.68 years), consisting of a picker of straw-type straw; inclined belt conveyor; grinding apparatus with a spreader; tillage paws on spring struts or discs; 2-track tillage rollers, etc.

The main disadvantage of the machine is that it uses an energy-intensive straw chopper with a spreader.

Known combined tillage machine (see USA. Pat., Class A 01 B 33/02, No. 3563191 from 10/11/68), consisting of a rotor, loosening and crushing the soil; a separating lattice, which reflects stubble residues and sprinkles them with soil chips passing through the lattice; rink.

The main disadvantage of the machine is that when processing soil with high humidity, such as rice soil, sticking of the rotor bodies, gratings and disruption of the process occur.

A known unit for the development of cultivated lands (see USSR, class A 01 B 49/02, A 01 B 33/08, AS No. 370905 of 03/09/71), adopted by us as a prototype, consisting of a frame with a trailer, a working body, for example a milling cutter, a front-drive and a rear-drive-in rollers, a cutter drive mechanism through an accelerating transmission from a support-drive roller, for example, a known planetary mechanism installed inside the support-drive roller; while the supporting drive roller is equipped with spikes.

The main disadvantage of the soil cultivating unit is that with increased or waterlogged soil, the skating rink with spurs and the working bodies of the cutter stick and the technological process will be disrupted.

The objective of the invention is to develop a schematic diagram of a combined tillage machine, which would ensure, for example, in a rice field after harvesting rice to evenly distribute the straw from the rolls into the roll space over the field, divide the straws into smaller parts and mix them among soil aggregates through surface loosening rice field soil, that is, to introduce straw into the soil as an organic fertilizer with minimal labor and energy.

The task is achieved by the fact that a rake lattice is installed in front of the support drive roller, and the support drive tire tires are made in the form of triangles with one side directed along the radius and the other tangent to the circumference of the roller in the direction of rotation and sharpened to the blade ; the cutter drum is made and installed so that its knives pass between the studs of the roller and mutually clean each other.

The teeth of the rake lattice receive translational-rotational vibrations, which are communicated from cranks mounted on opposite edges of the shaft of the support-drive roller with a 180-degree rotation relative to each other, through traction elements, such as a chain and sprockets; the teeth of the rake lattice are rigidly connected to the shaft of each sprocket mounted vertically in the support, and the number of teeth on one shaft is set to at least two.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a combined tillage machine (side view); figure 2 - arrangement of the working bodies of the machine (top view).

The combined tillage machine includes a rake lattice 1 with teeth 2, sitting rigidly on the vertical shafts 3 in the bearings 4, and receiving translational-rotational vibrations through the sprockets 5 and chain 6 from the cranks 7 and 8, rotated 180 degrees and mounted on the ends of the shaft 9 support -drive roller 10 with spikes 11 having blades 12. Behind the support-drive roller 10 there is a knife cutter for the drum 13, which receives rotation from the shaft 9 through the acceleration gear 14, while the knives 15 of the drum 13 are located between the tracks of the spikes 11 and kryvayut them. The support drive roller 10 is ballasted through the hole 16.

Combined tillage machine operates as follows. With the translational movement of the machine across the field across the straw rolls stacked by the combine, the teeth 2 of the rake 1 due to the translational-rotational vibrations distribute the straw across the field in the roll space. A support-drive roller 10 is rolled onto a thin layer of straw, which cuts part of the straw with the blades 12 of the spikes 11, and partly submerses it into the soil to the depth of soil cultivation during the loosening of the soil with the spikes 11, while the skating rink 10 with ballast holds the straw that exits - Under the skating rink 10, it is crushed into arbitrary parts and mixed with the soil in the process of loosening it with knives 15 of the drum 13. When the machine is working in the field, for example, rice with high soil moisture, the thorns 11 of the roller 10 and the knives 15 of the drum 13 clean themselves.

The use of a combined tillage machine allows you to obtain (according to the results of an experimental check) the following advantages compared to the basic complex of machines: a BDG-7 disc harrow with a T-150 tractor (three tracks) and a plow dump plow PLN-7-25:

- savings in fuels and lubricants up to 55 ... 65.0%;

- saving labor costs up to 65.0%;

- to withstand the agro-processing of soil regardless of weather and climate conditions with the introduction of organic fertilizers in the form of straw;

- reduce environmental stress in the fields by stopping the burning of straw in rolls, etc.

Claims (3)

1. Combined tillage machine, including a frame with an attached device, a working body in the form of a cutter, a support drive roller with spikes and an accelerating drive mechanism of the cutter, characterized in that a rake grate is installed in front of the support drive roller, and the support drive roller spikes are made in the form of triangles in which one side is directed along the radius and the other tangentially to the circumference of the roller in the direction of its rotation and sharpened to the blade, the cutter drum is made and installed so that its knives pass between the studs ka, performing the role of a one-scrapers. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth of the rake lattice receive translational-rotational vibrations, which are communicated from cranks mounted on opposite edges of the shaft of the support-drive roller with a 180-degree rotation relative to each other, through traction elements, for example chain and sprockets. 3. The machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the teeth of the rake lattice are rigidly connected to the shaft of each sprocket mounted vertically in the support, and the number of teeth on one shaft is set to at least two.

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