RU2146860C1 - Combined tillage tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, equipment for performing several simple soil tillage operations for single pass of tillage tool along stubble field. SUBSTANCE: tillage tool has main frame carrying disks disposed in succession on spring tines. Disks are provided with teeth and sharpened. Flat hoes are arranged in two rows. Square bar with disk-shaped blades is mounted behind second row of flat hoes. Drum is mounted on auxiliary frame which is pivotally connected to main frame. During advancement of tillage tool soil is tilled layer by layer by means of disks and flat hoes, leveled, compacted and mulched by bar and drums, as well as by working members. EFFECT: improved quality of grinding of stubble, provision for formation of mulching layer, soil crumbling and leveling. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to machines and implements designed to perform several tillage operations in one pass of the unit.

 Known combined tillage unit (see Inl. - Exhibit VNIPTIMESKH. - Zernograd. - PMG. - 1991. - 4 p.), Including disk batteries, flat-cut legs, leveler, roller.

 The disadvantages of the known aggregate include unsatisfactory grinding of highly stalked crop residues (corn, sunflower, sorghum, castor oil plant, etc.), unsatisfactory crumbling of overdried soils.

 Known combined tillage implement (see A.S. N 271150. - MKI A 01 B 49/02. - B.I. N 17. - 1970. S. 4), including sequentially mounted on the frame racks with disks, plane-cutting legs and the bar (taken as a prototype).

 The disadvantages of the well-known combined tools include the fact that when working on the background, corn for silage, sunflower, castor bean, sorghum and other plants with a well-developed above-ground part are not sufficiently chopped their stems, and this leads to poor formation of the mulching layer, unsatisfactory crumbling and alignment soil, especially overdried.

 To eliminate these shortcomings, the combined tillage unit is equipped with a rotary blade drum pivotally mounted on the frame, the disc racks are spring loaded with convexity forward, the discs are serrated and sharpened, sharpened disks are mounted on the rod, and gear vanes are fixed on the rod edges.

 The implementation of spring struts provides a more intense impact on the processed layer due to the occurring vibrations during operation - this not only increases crumbling, but reduces the resistance of the unit as a whole.

 The direction of the bend of the spring strut convex forward eliminates the overhang of crop residues on it.

 The implementation of the disks serrated and sharpened provides the best grinding of high-stubble crop residues. Discs with sharpening make it possible to cut the cut soil layer into smaller fractions. Toothed blades of the bar align grooves after the passage of racks of plane-cutting paws.

 The blade drum pivotally mounted on the frame crumbles the layer, smoothes the soil and forms a mulching layer, since when its blades come into contact with the soil, they rotate and throw out the soil and crop residues (roots and stems) when leaving, covering the surface with a continuous even mulching layer.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a combined tillage unit (side view).

 In FIG. 2 shows the battery (front view).

 In FIG. 3 shows the battery (side view).

 In FIG. 4 shows the rod.

The combined tillage unit includes a frame 1, on which spring struts 2 with disks 3 are fixed, behind which flat-cut legs 4 are mounted. In the rear part to the frame 1 there is a blade drum 5, the frame 6 of which is pivotally attached to the frame 1, the rod 8 is mounted on the roller 7 with flat disks 9, between which toothed blades are fixed on rods 10. Spring struts 2 are made with forward bending, disks 3 are provided with teeth 12 and sharpened, disks 3 are assembled by batteries on axis 13 and through bearings 14, cross member 15 and beam 16 with collar 17 attached to the frame 1. The batteries are located at an angle of attack of 15 ^o . Each battery has a mechanism 18 of increasing (decreasing) the compression of the spring strut 2. When the unit moves, the teeth 12 are deepened, which deform the nearest soil elements by the grinding and working surface of the discs and crush the crop residues. In this case, the soil is destroyed by chipping and crushing when moving it from the plane of rotation of the disk, soil crumbles under the action of the spring strut.

 The technological process of the impact of working units on the soil and crop residues is as follows. When the disk 3 is rolling at a certain angle of attack, the teeth 12 are buried in the soil, at the same time, the nearest soil elements are deformed by sharpening and the working surface of the disk and the crop residues are crushed. In this case, the soil is destroyed by chipping and crushing when moving it from the plane of rotation of the disk 3 and intensively crumbles under the action of oscillations of the spring strut 2.

 Flat-cut paws 4 cut the layer and the roots of weeds, the cut layer rises and after leaving the inclined plane of the paws it hits the bottom of the furrow and crumbles. Moreover, the intensity of soil crumbling by a plane cutter 4 is determined not only by its shape and parameters, but also by the depth, frequency of excavations (holes), their shape and parameters.

 The rod 8, going behind these working bodies, with its disks 9, namely the wedge-shaped edge, shifts the soil to the blades 11, which bury the grooves after the passage of the racks of plane-cutters 4.

 Mulching the topsoil and leveling the surface of the field carry the blades of the drum 5.

 Thus, by sequential arrangement of the working bodies on the unit frame 1, it is possible to loosen the layer-by-layer cultivated soil layer in one pass, grind the crop residues and form a wind-resistant field surface, since crop residues are not embedded in the soil, and also create an upper mulching layer that prevents intensive evaporation of moisture from the soil.

 The unit does not adversely affect the environment, since 50% of crop residues remain on the field surface after passage, which prevent the development of soil erosion.

Claims (1)

 Combined soil cultivating unit, including racks with disks sequentially mounted on the frame, flat-cut legs and a rod, characterized in that it is equipped with a blade drum pivotally mounted on the frame, the disk racks are spring-loaded with convexity forward, the disks are serrated and sharpened, and the flat disks are mounted on the rod , and on the rods of the bar gear teeth are fixed.

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