SU1544215A1 - Method of tilling soil in gardens - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to technological processes for the cultivation of perennial plantations, and can be applied in orchards of intensive and subtropical fruit crops, sharpened vineyards and bushes. The aim of the invention is to increase the yield of fruit crops and the efficiency of tillage. For this, during the year (autumn and early spring), 4-5 operations are carried out twice through one complex aggregate - deep loosening with weeping and combing out weeds in the middle of the aisle and milling the tree trunks and cutting irrigated furrows (early spring). The new method of tillage is a two-line slit in the middle of the aisle in combination with combing out rhizome weeds between the gaps in the fall and the same in early spring with additional cutting of irrigated furrows and changing the direction of movement of the complex aggregate - in the first case along, and in the second across the aisle between the cultivated garden. 3 n. F-ly, 2 ill.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural arbitrariness, in particular, to the technological processes of cultivation of gardens, and can be used in intensive and subtropical gardens, large-sized vineyards and planes.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of fruit crops and the efficiency of tillage.

Figure 1 shows a flow chart for combining operations of deep loosening of the middle between the two-slit and stripping of weeds and milling of pristvolnye strips in adjacent rows along the length of the garden; 2 - the same, with a two-line cutting of polypores of the furrows, across the section.

In Figures 1 and 2, the following symbols are harmful; 1 - flat cutting paw with a grip width of 1.1 m (from KPG-250A)

2- slits with a width of mm

3- cable comb of rhizomatous weeds; C - double-drum (sectional) cutter with automatically diverting edge section to bypass trunk, 5 borodorez.

The technological process of the method for a specific example

The work of the integrated unit in an intensive garden with a tree planting plan of 5–5 m consists of the following. Initially, a complex soil-cultivating unit is completed with two-section milling drums mounted on a common frame on each side with automatic diverting edge sections for processing pristvolny bands with bypass shtamba. The width of the two-drum sections of 1.5 m (one section 0.75 m) on each side. Along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the frame, a flat-cutting paw (at KPG-250a) with a grip width of 1.1 m is installed in front, and behind it, two lines behind each other, 2 m, are cut-apart, and the cut-apart ones are connected to each other ( transversely) and with a flat-cutting paw (longitudinally) with a cable depth comb. Complex aggregate tractor tractor. 30 kN (DT-75M, DT-75 C). During the operation of the complex tillage unit along the length of the plot (Fig. 1), the cutting plow loosens the soil to a depth of 30 cm in the middle of the aisle, and the slits open two rows of slits mm wide to a depth of 0 cm, simultaneously connecting them in the soil layer longitudinally - the cross cables hack off rhizomatous weeds and additionally loosen the soil layer treated in the middle of the width of 2 m. The double-drum sections of the cutters, which are further installed at the rear on each side, process the remaining 1.5 mm wide pristine strips on each side of the adjacent rows, each at a depth of up to 10-12 cm. Moreover, the outermost tapping sections equipped with hydromechanical tracking devices with signal probes which, when in contact with the shtambs, turn them on and take the extreme sections away from the boles, retract.

Further, in early spring, the complex aggregate is additionally completed with fissures mounted on the slits, and the treatment process is repeated only across the garden section, additionally including cutting at a distance of 1.5 m from each adjacent row of trees irrigated furrows over the cut slits.

Thus, the proposed method of tillage in gardens conducted

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in two steps - in the fall and spring, as can be seen, it combines five separate operations in one (single) technological cycle, while meeting the necessary requirements of agricultural engineering for the quality of tillage, weed control, and the creation and maintenance of favorable conditions for moisture accumulation soil in the winter from autumn to spring, eliminating the harmful effects on the structure and microrelief of the garden for spring and spring plowing by waste garden plows and general practice plows used in practice in gardens.

The economic efficiency of the proposed method is confirmed by the elimination of labor, material and cash costs for performing individual operations, primarily plowing with plows and ПЛС2-6-25, after which it is necessary to level the ridge ridges and detachable furrows, soil crushing of the soil with boron or cultivator units. Further, the combination of deep loosening operations with crevice, milling, weed combing and cutting irrigation furrows maximally minimizes the number of passes of tractor units between the rows and thus saving labor and material costs, and prevent harmful effects soil compaction on the yield of fruit crops. The implementation of the method of a complex unit, firstly, increases productivity by no less than 2 times due to processing the entire inter-row spacing (with interstitial treatment) in one pass, and secondly, it gives the engine's payload to the tractor class. 30 kI at the expense of using up to its effective power at distribution according to the consumed power: 30-35 kW for deep loosening, weeding and gouging and 20-25 kW for double-sided milling of pristvolnyh strips.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of tillage in gardens, including deep loosening, surface milling, slitting and cutting irrigated furrows, the fact that, with the aim of a new increase in the yield of fruit crops and efficiency of tillage, the processing is performed along the length between the rows and the near-stem strips of adjacent rows in the autumn in one pass of the tractor unit, combining a two-line slot and a comb between 5V 2156 with rows of rhizomatous weeds in the middle between the rows with the milling of the pristvolnyh strips, and in the spring across the site repeated similar operations with two-line cutting of irrigation furrows. five FIG L FIG. 2