RU2386232C1 - Pull-type complex soil tilling aggregate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention refers to agricultural machine building, particularly to pull type complex soil tilling aggregates for shallow soil cultivation. The aggregate consists of a frame, of a hitch, of support wheels, of spring loaded blades and of working elements rotating from earth. Two rows of single disk harrows are mounted before blades. The first row of disk harrows is equipped with waved disks, while the second one is equipped with jagged disks with dimension of teeth l=d:8, where l is height of a tooth, mm, d is diametre of the jagged disk , mm, 8 is process coefficient depending on mode of operation and on physical-mechanical properties of soil. The disk harrows are equipped with facilities for dick regulation. ^ EFFECT: upgraded agro-technical indices of cultivating and crumbling of stubble remains. ^ 3 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to combined tillage units of a trailed type for shallow tillage up to 16 cm

Known trailed cultivator [1] for small processing up to 12 cm, including a frame with a snare, running wheels with a lifting mechanism, legs with a two-three-row arrangement on spring struts.

The disadvantages of soil cultivating aggregates created on the basis of cultivators for continuous cultivation, used for fine cultivation, include the fact that when working unsatisfactorily produce crushing of soil on compacted, dried lands, unsatisfactorily prune the root system of plants, do not grind crop residues, especially long-stemming crop residues crops such as corn, sunflower, castor oil plant, etc.

Known combined unit [2], including disks, frame, legs, roller, hydraulic cylinder, lifting mechanism.

The disadvantages of the known combined unit include the fact that when the rollers are working, an uneven density is created along the height of the loosened layer and the width of the rollers, after which the density ranges from 1.1 to 1.2 g / cm ³ at elevations, lower than that indicated indicator. This disadvantage appears due to a number of structurally technological characteristics of the combined unit. This should include poor-quality grinding of crop residues and the root system of weeds and the predecessor, as well as clogging of the space between the disks of the ring-spur roller.

To eliminate the shortcomings of the known combined tillage units and achieve positive technical and technological indicators, two rows of single discs are located in front of the legs, the first row of which is equipped with wavy discs, and the second one is serrated discs with a tooth size l = d: 8, where l is the tooth height, mm ; d is the diameter of the serrated disk, mm; 8 is a technological coefficient depending on the mode and physico-mechanical properties of the soil, and the disks are made with a device for regulating the disks, in addition, the racks of three-row paws are attached to the transverse bars of the hinge frame and spring-loaded in the form of inclined rods and springs, in addition, behind the third row of paws are paired working bodies, rotating from the soil, sections of which are connected by horizontally arranged vertical pressure springs, fixed at one end on the leashes of the frame and other gim at their racks.

The location of two rows of single discs in front of the paws improves the technological processes of work when loosening the soil and cutting weed vegetation, eliminating the overhang of crop residues and weed vegetation on the vertical racks of the paws. The use in the first row of discs with wavy discs, and in the second with serrated discs, makes it possible not only to qualitatively loosen the upper horizons of the soil, but also to grind crop residues and weed stalks into small fractions. The setting of disks, the height of the tooth of which is determined by the expression l = d: 8, where l is the height of the tooth, mm; d is the diameter of the disk, mm; 8 - technological coefficient, depending on the mode of operation and physico-mechanical properties of the soil, improves the quality of mixing crop residues with the upper soil horizon.

The presence of a device for regulating discs increases agrotechnical indicators of processing and grinding of crop residues.

The connection of the racks of three-row paws to each transverse beam of the frame is hinged and spring-loaded with a device in the form of inclined rods and springs, which, combined with the operation of the previously mentioned technical features of the unit, can improve the operation of the unit when performing shallow processing to a depth of 16 cm. Installation behind the third row of paws paired rotating working bodies from the soil improves the quality of mulching, compaction and leveling of the upper soil layer. The implementation of the sections of these working bodies, the axes of which are equipped with horizontally arranged vertical pressure springs fixed at one end on the frame leash and the other on their racks, improves the adaptability of each section to uneven surfaces, improves the quality results of the unit.

Figure 1 shows a structural diagram of a trailed combined tillage unit, top view.

Figure 2 shows the technological scheme of the unit with a sequential arrangement of the working bodies on its carrier system.

Figure 3 and 4 presents the disks with a double row arrangement, respectively, side view and top view.

Figure 5 shows a variant of a single disc with a wavy edge of the disk.

Figure 6 shows a variant of a single disc with a serrated edge of the disk.

Figure 7 shows a section of rotating working bodies from the soil, a top view.

Fig. 8 is a connecting node of a frame leash with inclined sections of the section through a horizontal spring of vertical action.

The trailed combined soil-cultivating unit consists of a frame 1, a snitsa 2, disks 3, a corrugated disk 4, a serrated disk 5, a tooth 6 (l - tooth height), legs 7, a vertical rack 8, a hinge 9, an inclined spring 10, section 11, a leash 12, an inclined stand 13, an axis 14, a horizontal spring 15, a hydraulic cylinder 16, a lifting mechanism 17, a regulation mechanism 18, and support wheels 19.

The frame 1 is flat with longitudinal transverse bars: a snake 2 is attached to the front beam and lower working bodies, two rows of disks 3 and three rows of paws 7, inclined springs 10 and rods are connected above them, connected to the vertical strut 8 through the hinge 9, to the rear beam the lead 12 of the rotating working bodies section is fastened from the soil, in addition, over the frame 1 there is a hydraulic cylinder 16 connected to the lifting mechanism 17 of the support wheels 19. The disks 3 are made in two versions: the first is equipped with wavy disks, and the second with serrated disks. The design feature of the unit is that the axis 14 of the section of rotating working bodies with a horizontal spring 15 of vertical action is attached to the leads 12 of the frame 1. It is attached at one end to the leashes 12 of the frame 1, and at the other to the inclined racks 13. To regulate the position of the disks 4 and 5 in space and relative to the line of movement and the undercut plane, each disk 3 is equipped with a regulation mechanism 18.

The work of a trailed combined soil cultivating unit is carried out in the following sequence: disks 4, 5 of disks 3 crumble the top layer, crush the crop residues and stalks of weed vegetation, paws 7 cut the root system, loosen the lower soil layers at a set depth, sections 11 with the elements of the working bodies level the surface soil, compact its middle horizons, mulch the top layer 5 cm thick. The unit with this combination of operation can be used on soils subject to water and erosion, on small sloping fields located on slopes up to 5 degrees.

Thus, the use of a trailed combined tillage unit with the proposed set of working bodies does not violate the ecological balance created by nature in the areas of crop cultivation.

Information sources

1. Ivanov I.S. and other agricultural machinery. M .: Publishing house "Engineering". - 1997. - S. 92-95.

2. Shcherbina A.P. and others. To the justification and development of a universal tillage unit. // Proceedings of the All-Union Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization (VIM). T.71. M. - 1976. - P.76-80.

Claims (3)

1. Trailed combined soil-cultivating unit, including a frame, a gingham, supporting wheels, spring-loaded legs, working bodies rotating from the soil, characterized in that in front of the legs are two rows of single discs, the first row of which is equipped with wavy discs, and the second - serrated discs with the value of the teeth l = d: 8, where l is the height of the tooth, mm; d is the diameter of the serrated disk, mm; 8 - technological coefficient, depending on the mode of operation and physico-mechanical properties of the soil, and the disks are made with a device for controlling the disks. 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the racks of three-row spaced legs are connected to the transverse bars of the frame articulated and spring-loaded with a device in the form of inclined rods and springs. 3. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that behind the third row of paws are paired working bodies, rotating from the soil, sections of which are connected by horizontally arranged vertical pressure springs, fixed at one end on the frame leashes and the other on their racks.

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