RU184739U1 - Tillage sowing unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in technologies for sowing crops.

The technical task is to improve the quality of sowing and harvest, reduce the clogging of the cultivated fields due to the additional installation on the tillage sowing unit in front of the coulters combing the weeds of the tillage organs and devices for fine-grain grinding of the weeds.

This is achieved by the fact that during the operation of the soil cultivating sowing unit, weeds are removed from the soil previously loosened by lancet paws in the space in front of the coulters, they are chopped and the weeds incapable of germination are scattered on the soil as organic fertilizer.

When the tillage sowing unit moves, lancet paws loosen the topsoil and at the same time cut the weeds. Rotating working bodies, rolling on loosened soil, break soil clods. The spring elements are immersed in the soil, the rods of which, bending, capture the weeds, and at the moment of exiting the soil, straightening out, weeds are thrown onto a grinding device that crushes the weeds and feeds the crushed plant mass to the distribution tray. The mass of crushed weeds is unloaded to the surface of the field, covering moisture in the soil and subsequently turning into organic fertilizer.

Since weeds were removed in the space in front of the coulters, optimal conditions were created for sowing. In other words, weed-foreign inclusions in the soil are removed and do not affect the stability of the coulters. Seeds from the semyatukovy bunker through the vas deferens enter the coulters and are sealed to the required depth. Rolling devices compact the topsoil and create favorable conditions for crop emergence.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to tillage sowing complexes, which can be used for sowing agricultural and other crops.

A seeder is known, consisting of a frame with grain-fertilized boxes, to the bottom of which sowing devices are attached, which are connected through the seed tubes to the coulters, the shafts of the sowing devices are rotated from the support-drive wheels through a gearbox with interchangeable gear wheels, for better seed placement, the seeder is equipped with shorting bars. / High-speed agricultural machinery, second edition, revised and supplemented. M. Rosselkhozizdat, 1986, p. 151 /.

The disadvantages of this design is the need for preliminary tillage, which determines additional material and labor costs. To ensure a stable seed placement depth, careful preparation of the seed bed is required. When soil clods, weed stems, etc. under the coulters, a change in the depth of seeding occurs, as a result of which the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the crop deteriorate.

Known sowing complex JOHN DEERE - 1895, which is designed to work on zero technology. Two rows of sowing coulters are installed on the central frame and lateral sections of the complex, introducing seeds into the soil using the system of active hydraulic deepening of the coulters and a pneumatic seed supply system. The complex is equipped with a hopper for seed on its own wheelbase. Since the JOHN DEERE 1890/1895 sowing complex is equipped with a new single-disc coulter design, it is possible to achieve perfect control of the sowing and seed depths irrespective of the soil. / Wide pneumatic sowing complexes. Prospectus by John Deere /.

The proposed technical solution is aimed at stabilizing the embedment depth, despite the variability of the agricultural background.

The disadvantage is that in the process, the weeds remain in front of the openers and are simply pressed into the soil or cut, while the root weed system in most cases remains integral and is able to give new shoots of weeds.

A multifunctional tillage sowing complex is known, including a heavy anti-erosion cultivator containing a tilled frame mounted on two support wheels, on which mounted working bodies for surface tillage, made in the form of racks with lancet paws, and on which a harrow with three rows of teeth is rigidly mounted, with the ability to adjust the installation height as the teeth wear, also a grain-fertilizer seeder containing mounted on the two support wheels, the sowing frame on which the main seven-thread bin is mounted connected by the seed tubes to the double-disc coulters, also two cylindrical roller rollers are attached to the sowing frame using the articulated link, an additional seed hopper is mounted on the rowing frame of the complex connected to the main seven-seed hopper through the bootloader. / RF patent for utility model No. 122228. Multifunctional tillage sowing complex. Nurhakimov P.X./

The proposed complex loosens the soil, cuts the weeds, thereby providing easier conditions for the openers to enter the soil. However, significant disadvantages of the proposed technical solutions are:

- the possibility of unloading the soil with plant inclusions due to the rigid fastening of the harrow, thereby violating the evenness of the processing and the uniformity of seed placement.

- indentation of weeds by coulters and rolling devices into the soil, which contributes to their germination and increase the clogging of the agricultural background.

The technical task is to improve the quality of sowing and harvest, reduce the weediness of the cultivated fields due to the additional installation on the tillage sowing unit in front of the coulters of rotating tillage bodies with spring elements combing the weeds, and a device for fine-grain grinding of the extracted weeds.

The technical result is the creation of a soil cultivating sowing unit, which in one pass provides loosening of the soil, cutting and removing weeds in the space in front of the coulters, crushing the weeds and spreading the crushed mass as organic fertilizer, and the distribution of the mass over the field surface will additionally provide moisture concealment in the soil.

Extraction of weeds in the space in front of the coulters determines the best working conditions of the latter, and also eliminates the possible germination of weeds due to their pressing into the soil by the coulters and rolling devices.

Chopping weeds will minimize the chance of sprouting.

Spreading the mass of crushed weeds, incapable of germination, provides the concealment of moisture in the soil and the transformation of weeds into organic fertilizer.

This is achieved by the fact that during the operation of the tillage sowing unit, weeds are removed from the soil previously loosened by lancet paws in the space in front of the openers, they are sent for grinding, and the weeds incapable of germination are scattered on the soil as organic fertilizer.

For this, the tillage sowing unit is additionally equipped with rotating working bodies with spring elements in front of the coulters for combing weeds and feeding them for grinding in an additionally installed grinding device, from which the plant mass is unloaded onto the soil as organic fertilizer. Thus, the openers work without interference from weeds, destroys the ability of weeds to germinate and retain moisture in the soil by covering the soil with a crushed mass of weeds, which will turn into organic fertilizer.

In FIG. schematically shows a tillage sowing unit (side view).

Lancet paws 3 are fixed on the frame 1 with support wheels 2, after which additional rotating working bodies 5 with spring elements 6 are mounted by means of the racks 4, then a grinding device 7 and a distribution tray 8 for spreading the crushed weeds are mounted, then a seven-bunker hopper 9 is mounted on the frame connected by means of the vas deferens 10 with the openers 11, after which the rolling devices 12 are installed.

The unit operates as follows.

Before the immediate start of work, the required processing depth is set with lancet paws 3. Next, the rate and depth of seed placement are adjusted. When moving the tillage sowing unit lancet paws 3 loosen the topsoil and at the same time cut the weeds. Rotating working bodies 5, rolling on loosened soil, break soil clods. The spring elements 6 are immersed in the soil, the rods of which, bending, capture the weeds, and at the moment of exiting the soil, straightening out, weeds are thrown onto the grinding device 7, which grinds and feeds the crushed plant mass to the distribution tray 8. The mass of crushed weeds is unloaded onto the surface of the field, covering moisture in the soil and subsequently turning into organic fertilizer.

Since weeds were removed in the space in front of the coulters, optimal conditions were created for sowing. Foreign weed inclusions in the soil are removed and do not affect the coulter stability. Seeds from the semyatukovy bunker 9 through the vas deferens 10 enter the coulters 11 and are sealed to the required depth. Rolling devices 12 compact the topsoil and create favorable conditions for crop emergence.

Claims (1)

A soil-cultivating sowing unit, including a frame with lancet paws fixed on it, a seven-hopper hopper, seed tubes, openers and rolling devices, characterized in that in front of the openers rotary working elements with spring elements for weed extraction are additionally installed, a device for grinding the extracted weeds and a tray are mounted distributor of unloading mass from crushed weeds.

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