RU202091U1 - Tillage seed drill - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for tillage, sowing and weed extraction. The technical task is to improve the quality of the crop and reduce the weediness of the fields due to the additional installation in the front of the tillage unit of soil-breaking racks and a device that pulls weeds together with the root from soil without shedding seeds by squeezing the grip of two elastic endless conveyors, which are spring-loaded to each other and have a counter movement. This is achieved by the fact that during the operation of the tillage unit, the soil layer is loosened to reduce the connection of weed roots with it, pulling out the whole weed together with the root from the soil and keeping weed seeds from shedding on the soil, crushing the mass of weeds and their seeds to exclude their subsequent germination. At the beginning of work, the depth of soil cultivation and the speed of the unit are set, the speed of the belts is set higher than the forward speed of the unit ... During the movement of the unit, the working bodies for the destruction of the soil layer are immersed in the soil and cause it to break, thereby achieving a loss of connectivity between the roots of the weeds and the soil. The upper elastic band guides the weeds towards the lower elastic band. The weeds are caught by the upper and lower elastic bands under the action of the springs. Weeds, completely pulled out of the soil, together with their seeds, are unloaded with elastic belts into a chopping device, where they are crushed and unloaded onto the field through a distributor tray, covering the soil treated with lancet tines and rollers. Seeds from the seed hopper go through the seed pipes to the openers, sow into the soil and roll in.

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for soil cultivation, sowing crops and weeds.

Known device for removing weeds, containing a frame on two wheels, a control handle, a comb in the form of rigid rods mounted by means of a strip on an axis and placed with it in the same horizontal plane, at the ends of this axis wheels are installed. The device has the ability to adjust the distance between the rods (Inventor's certificate SU 1776360 A1).

The disadvantage of this design is the need for periodic cleaning of the comb from the extracted weeds. This requires stopping the device and entails a loss of working time, and as a result, low productivity. Often, due to the developed root system of weeds and its sufficiently strong connection with the soil, the stem is torn off by the comb, and the root remains in the soil and is able to produce new weeds.

Known soil-cultivating sowing unit, including a frame with lancet paws fixed on it, a seven-bucket hopper, seed pipes, openers and rolling devices, rotating working bodies with spring elements for removing weeds are installed in front of the openers, which are sent to a device for crushing and a distributor for unloading crushed weeds (Patent RU 184739 U1).

The disadvantage of the tillage sowing unit is the cutting of weeds, which, when working in fields with root-sprouting weeds, does not fully ensure the reduction of weeds. The mechanical action of the lancet paws and spring elements on the weeds contributes to the shedding of their seeds to the soil, and as a result, the emergence of subsequent weed shoots. According to research, weeds spread very quickly due to the abundance of their seeds and fruits. For example, shiritsa is capable of producing 500 thousand seeds (http://istmat.info/node/25231 Electronic resource, date of treatment 03/23/2020). Therefore, it is necessary to strive to ensure the reduction of weediness at all stages of the technology of cultivation of grain, which will reduce the use of chemical plant protection products.

The technical task is to improve the quality of the crop and reduce the weediness of the fields due to the additional installation in the front of the tillage unit of soil-destroying racks (soil-destroying openers) and a device, the basis of which is two elastic endless belts spring-loaded to each other, which capture weeds, pull them into their inter-belt space and pull them out of the soil together with the root and without shedding weed seeds on the soil.

The technical result is the creation of a tillage unit that provides in one pass the destruction of the integrity of the surface layer of the soil, loosening of the soil, extraction of weeds together with the root from the soil without spilling its seeds onto the soil due to the enveloping capture of the entire above-soil part of the weed by two elastic bands spring-loaded to each other, which moving towards each other.

The destruction of the integrity of the soil by additionally installed on the unit loosening stands allows disrupting the connectivity of the weed root system with the soil, which creates optimal conditions for pulling out the whole weed from the soil.

The enveloping grip of the weed body with two elastic bands allows you to transfer maximum force to remove the weed from the soil and keep the weed seeds from shedding onto the soil.

This is achieved by the fact that during the operation of the soil-cultivating sowing unit, the soil is treated with loosening stands to destroy the integrity of the soil layer in order to reduce the connection of weed roots with it, complete weeds are extracted by pulling them together with the root from the soil, keep weed seeds from shedding onto the soil, crushed weeds and their seeds to exclude their subsequent germination, distribute the crushed mass over the surface of the field.

For this, the tillage unit is additionally equipped with loosening stands to destroy the integrity of the soil layer and a device for capturing and pulling weeds, consisting of two elastic bands that, moving towards each other, entrain and squeeze the weed plant together, providing the greatest efforts to pull the weed along with the root from the soil and retention of weed seeds in the interband space. The recovered weeds with their seeds are sent for shredding with elastic belts.

FIG. 1 shows a soil tillage seed drill.

FIG. 2 shows the technological scheme of the tillage sowing unit.

- поток извлеченных из почвы сорняков с удержанными их семенами;

- the flow of weeds extracted from the soil with their seeds retained;

- поток из измельченных сорняков и измельченных семян сорняков.

- a stream of chopped weeds and chopped weed seeds.

On the frame 1 with support wheels 2, there are pointed arms 3, in front of which are mounted loosening racks 4 to destroy the integrity of the soil layer, above them there are upper 5 and lower 6 elastic bands for pulling weeds out of the soil and feeding them into the chopping device 7, unloading the crushed mass through the distributor tray 8, the optimal capture of weeds and the retention of their seeds is ensured by the operation of the springs 9, then a seven-bucket bunker 10 is mounted on the frame, connected by means of seed pipes 11 to the openers 12, after which the rolling devices 13 are installed. The unit operates as follows.

Before starting the work of the tillage unit, the depth of tillage and the speed of the unit are set, and the speed of the belts is higher than the forward speed of the unit. When the unit moves, the loosening racks 4 are immersed in the soil and cause it to break, which ensures the appearance of cracks, breaks in it, thereby destroying the connectivity of weed roots with the soil. The upper elastic band 5 located above the working bodies, moving at a speed greater than the translational speed of the unit, forces the weeds to tilt towards the lower elastic belt 6. The weeds, oriented by the upper belt, fall into the grip formed by the upper 5 and lower 6 elastic bands under the action of springs 9. Weeds completely pulled out of the soil, together with their seeds, are unloaded with elastic belts into the chopping device 7, are crushed and discharged into the field through the distributor 8 chute, covering the soil treated with duckfoot paws 3. Seeds from the seed hopper 10 through the seed pipes 11 fall into the openers 12 , are introduced into the soil, which is processed by the rollers 13.

Claims (1)

A soil-cultivating sowing unit, including a frame with lancet tines fixed on it, a seven-tipped bunker, seed pipes, openers, rolling devices, a device for chopping the extracted weeds, a distributor tray for unloading chopped weeds, characterized in that the front part of the frame is additionally equipped with loosening stands for destruction the integrity of the soil and mounted a device for pulling weeds out of the soil and keeping weed seeds, consisting of two elastic endless belts, spring-loaded to each other and having a counter movement.

Images