RU2161391C2 - Combined tilling and sowing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: combined machine for tilling soil and sowing seeds for single pass of unit has hitched mellowing section and coupled sowing section. Mellowing section has frame carrying batteries, shares, leveling drum with rods, disks and teeth, and spiral roller. Sowing section has disk-type shares, seed box with seeding units and covering roller drive, and sweep positioned behind covering roller. Shares are positioned between disk batteries and leveling drum. Such construction allows soil crumbling to be effectuated so as to maintain optimum density. EFFECT: increased efficiency by uniform seed embedding and improved ecological control. 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for tillage simultaneously with sowing in one pass of the unit. A combination machine is known - a device for tillage and fertilizing (SU a.s. N 1512499, MKI A 01 B 13/04 of 07/07/87), including the frames of the loosening part and the presser, connected by an earring, disk batteries, working bodies for applying fertilizers in the soil, pipelines, support wheels, trailing device.

 The disadvantages of the known machine should be attributed to the fact that it unsatisfactorily adapts to changing soil conditions and does not produce sowing agricultural crops simultaneously with tillage and fertilizing. crops, and when working on wet soil with highly stubble crop residues, disks become clogged and not only the quality of processing is deteriorated, but also the distribution of the introduced material into the soil, in addition, a compacted layer is not formed at a depth of 6-8 cm to retain moisture.

 Famous sowing complex "Concord-2000" (RF USA "Concord-2000" - (Prospect. "Sowing complex" Concord ". - Horsh Mashinen. Zitsenhof 1. D-92421. - City of Schwandorf. - C. 2) containing an energy tool, a hinged part with a frame on which plane-cutting working bodies are mounted - coulters, support wheels, a hitch, and a trailer part connected to a hinged part equipped with a seed container, a device for transporting seed to the coulters.

 The disadvantages of the Concord-2000 complex include the fact that it unsatisfactorily adapts to changes in the conditions of the grain cultivation zone, does not provide satisfactory soil preparation during sowing due to the formation of high ridges and deep grooves with paw racks, on the field surface after passage there are blocks more than 10 cm, uneven loosened layer over the seeds of grain crops due to vibration of the racks.

 Known combined tillage machine (SU a.s. N 1523066, MKI A 01 B 49/02 from 24.3.88) containing a hinged part, a frame on which are mounted plane-cutting working bodies, support wheels, a hitch and a trailer part connected to the hinged part equipped with passive working bodies.

 The disadvantages of the known machine include the fact that during operation the sticking of the roller disks due to the ingress of crop residues and moist soil into the interdisk space, insufficient crumbling of the soil, a compacted sowing bed is not created. When using this machine, only separate sowing of grain crops is provided.

 The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages of the known technical solutions.

 The technical result is an increase in the quality of processing and sowing.

 To eliminate these shortcomings and improve the quality of soil cultivation and sowing, a box with fertilizers is installed on the mounted machine frame, and behind the plane-cutting working bodies made in the form of openers, a blade leveling drum and a spiral roller are installed, and the trailer part of the machine is equipped with a seed box with sowing machines and disc coulters, behind which a sealing drum is installed.

 Placing the opener paws behind the disk batteries improves the quality of the crumbling of the soil, the distribution of fertilizers under the soil and ensures the laying of fertilizer fertilizer on a wet bed.

 The installation behind the flat-cutting paws-openers of a blade equalizer improves the quality of cutting of the trimmed layer, improves the contact of the tuks with a moist bed of soil.

 The arrangement of a spiral roller on the hinged part of the machine allows simultaneous compaction of the soil at the depth of seed placement, mulching of the upper soil layer and leveling the surface in front of the disk coulters.

 The equipment of the trailed part of the machine with disc coulters, seed box, sowing machines, seed tube and drive allows sowing of seeds on a compacted bed formed by turns of a spiral skating rink 2-3 cm higher than filling the depths of fertilizers, mineral fertilizers with the opener paws, which in the future with the development of the root the system of cultivated crops provides a more complete use of nutrients dissolved in soil moisture, and the yield of agricultural crops increases in the final result. cultures.

 The hinged attachment of the trailer part with the seeder working bodies, namely disk coulters, seed box, devices with seed tubes and drive, to the cultivating hinged part allows not only to increase the productivity of the unit at sowing and improve the quality of the operations performed, but also makes it possible to use the trailer (sowing and loosening the hinged parts of the machine) independently or simultaneously, i.e. expand the functionality of the machine.

 The installation under the pipeline of the brook-type distributor ensures uniform distribution of fertilizer fertilizer along the width of the grip of each leg; increases the number of operations performed simultaneously in one pass of the unit.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a combined tillage sowing machine, top view.

 In FIG. 2 is the same.

 In FIG. Figure 3 shows the technological process of the machine, performed in one pass of the unit.

 In FIG. 4 shows a drum equalizer, rear view.

 In FIG. 5 shows a paw opener, a top view.

 In FIG. 6 shows a brook type distributor, top view.

 In FIG. 7 - brook distributor of bulk material across the width of the paw, rear view.

 The combined tillage sowing machine includes a hinged loosening part with a frame 1, on which a hitch 2 of power means, wheels 3, frame 4, a leash 5 are placed, and working bodies are sequentially arranged: a disk battery 6, discs 7 of which are assembled on an axis 8, placed on bearings 9, plane-cutting working bodies in the form of opener paws 10, equipped with a hollow stand 11, which performs the functions of a fertilizer duct, and diffusers 12, a frontal leveling drum 13, disks 14 of which are equipped with rods 15 with teeth 16, and spir an ice rink 17 attached to the longitudinal bars of the frame 1; in addition, the grain seeder 18 with disk coulters 19 is connected by a hinge 20 mounted on the cross member of the support wheels 3 with the possibility of its vertical movement.

 A distinctive technical feature of the machine is that it is equipped with a leveling drum 13 and a disk battery 6, which are placed in front of the openers, namely disk openers 19 and plane-cutting working bodies in the form of openers 10. The trailer part of the machine is equipped with a seed box of a grain seeder 18 s sowing machines driven by a sealing drum 21 and seed tubes 22, providing delivery of seeds to disk coulters 19. On the frame of the hinged part of the machine there is a box for fertilizers.

 The technological process of the proposed machine (Fig. 3) differs from the technological processes of known machines in that, during operation, layer-by-layer tillage and sowing of fertilizers and seeds to different depths are carried out: the tuks are deeper and the seeds are shallower.

 For tillage and sowing on an untreated background, the machine is used in this version: a grain seeder 18 is attached to the cross of the transport wheels 3, and its hydraulic system is connected to the tractor hydraulic system (not shown).

 When the unit moves along the field of the battery with 6 discs 7, the topsoil is loosened to a depth of 6 cm with partial cutting of weeds. Plane-cutting working bodies in the form of a coulter 10 cut the bed and the root system of weeds at a depth of 8-10 cm, form a flat bed on which the diffusers 12 evenly stack the fertilizer fertilizers across the width of the grip of each paw. Wedge-shaped disks 14, rods 15 and teeth 16 of the leveling drum 13 cut the soil layer into small fractions, close the grooves from the racks of the opener legs. The spiral roller 17 with its turns increases the contact of the fertilizer with the wet bed and creates the optimal soil density in front of the disk coulters 19, which sow the seeds to a predetermined depth, placing them higher than the fertilizer fertilizer tufts are closed by the opener paw 10. The sealing drum 21 makes good seed contact with the soil , and the loop 23 mulches and levels the surface of the sown field.

 The use of a combined tillage sowing machine does not negatively affect the environment, as it produces gentle soil cultivation, in which the soil of the upper layer is sprayed much less by the engines of tractors, tillage implements and seeder units.

Claims (1)

 Combined tillage sowing machine containing a hinged part, a frame on which are mounted plane-cutting working bodies, supporting wheels, a hitch, a trailed part connected to a hinged part equipped with passive working bodies, characterized in that a box for fertilizers is mounted on the hinged part of the machine, and behind the flat-cutting working bodies made in the form of opener paws, a leveling drum and a spiral roller are installed, and the trailer part of the machine is equipped with a seed box with sowing apparatus tami and disk openers behind which the condensing drum is installed.

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