RU71206U1 - TILLING SOWING UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in equipment for tillage with sowing, the introduction of the main and starting doses of fertilizers.

The tillage sowing unit includes a frame (1, Fig. 1) with a connecting device (2) and support wheels (3), a system (4) for changing the height of the frame (1) above the soil, cutting working bodies (5), mainly in the form of pointed legs attached by the uprights (6) to the frame (1) and equipped with devices (10) for receiving and distributing, under these working bodies, the material introduced into the soil, in particular the main doses of fertilizers, the system for supplying this material to the devices (10) containing a hopper (22 ), dosing, transporting (23) and other necessary ele Options, and - connected to the frame (1) of multifunctional rollers (7) arranged after the undercut working elements (5). The rollers (7) have annular rims (8) with spokes (9) located in the axial direction remotely from each other at acute angles of attack. In the operating position, the bottom of the multifunctional rollers (7) is located above the level of the cutting edges of the cutting working bodies (5). Moreover, the unit additionally has a system (26) for sowing seeds with starting doses of fertilizers or without them, equipped with openers (27) with devices (28) for planting seeds in the soil located after the multi-function rollers (7). The unit provides rational tillage, the introduction of basic doses of fertilizer when sowing with starting doses of fertilizers or without them, the destruction of weeds, the uniform depth of seed placement on a compacted bed, moisture conservation, friendly seedlings and increased productivity. All this increases the efficiency of its use, including with intensive technologies for the cultivation of crops. 6 c.p. f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in equipment for tillage with sowing, the introduction of the main and starting doses of fertilizers.

Known combined units for tillage with simultaneous sowing and the introduction of granular mineral fertilizers, then fertilizers or fertilizers (RU 2195096 C1, 2002.12.27 and RU 2293460 C2, 2007.02.20). Each of these units includes a frame with a trailer, a device, support wheels and a system for changing the height of the frame above the soil. The racks are attached to the frame with trimming working coulters. Such openers in the first unit-analogue are made in the form of lancet flat-cut paws with fertilizer spreaders, in the second - in the form of special discs. In the first unit, on the stand of each cutting working body (coulter for fertilizers), in the alignment with it, a coulter for sowing seeds is fixed, with the possibility of changing its height above the level of the coulter for fertilizers. In each unit, behind the cutting working bodies, grinding-rolling rollers are provided, located in two rows frontally, when their angles of attack are equal to zero. In particular, the second unit (seeder, RU 2293460) has a number of plate rollers and a series of tubular rollers following it, intended, respectively, for crushing (crumbling) and rolling (compaction) of soil over sown seeds.

These units do not allow rational compaction of the trimmed part of the soil to preserve moisture in it, and do not provide conditions for the effective destruction of weeds. These disadvantages are due to the inherent grinding-rolling rollers used in analogues, frontal local soil compaction with discrete action on it from above (planks, tubes, etc.) without subsurface, compaction and lateral shear. The soil treated with such rollers does not have, in the context, a sufficiently clear demarcation of the dense layer in the zone of seeds and fertilizers, and a loose mulching layer on the surface, which is necessary to preserve moisture and the emergence of friendly shoots. The rollers of analogues, acting on the soil from above, do not extract the trimmed weeds on the surface, but press them into the soil, making them easier to plant.

The prototype of the utility model is a tillage sowing unit (RU 2127502, C1. Publ. March 20, 1999. Bull. No. 8). It has a frame with a trailer, a device, support wheels and a system for changing the height of the frame above the soil. Undercutting working bodies, in particular in the form of lancet cultivator paws, are attached to the frame by uprights. Each of them is made in the form of an opener, therefore, it has a device for

reception and distribution under this working body of the material introduced into the soil, in particular fertilizers or seeds with starting doses of fertilizers or without them. Multifunctional rollers are installed behind the cutting working bodies. They have annular rims with knitting needles located in the axial direction remotely from each other at acute angles of attack. The bottom of the multifunctional rollers during operation is located above the level of the cutting edges of the cutting working bodies.

The prototype unit equipped with the above-mentioned multifunctional rollers is devoid of the drawbacks noted in the analog units. However, it has three main drawbacks: firstly, it does not allow to introduce the main doses of fertilizers during sowing, which is important with intensive technologies; secondly, it does not provide stable high-quality seeding to a depth of less than 50 ÷ 60 mm .; thirdly, allows increased unevenness of the depth of sowing.

The main reason for these shortcomings is that in the prototype fertilizers and seeds are sown simultaneously by the same coulters, the basis of which are cutting working bodies, mainly in the form of cultivating lancet paws, connected to the frame without the possibility of copying the soil. The main dose of fat (150 ÷ 300 kg / ha), introduced into the seed location zone, can burn the root system of plants, therefore, in the prototype, when sowing, they are limited to starting doses of fertilizers (30 ÷ 50 kg / ha). The aforementioned type of undercutting working coulters and their connection with the frame are due to the requirements for the implement as a tillage tool, but poorly take into account the requirements for sowing seeds, which is manifested in the second and third drawbacks noted above.

In addition, when using the prototype on heavy and wet soils, cutting working bodies with uprights leave longitudinal ridges and furrows on the soil with an increased difference in their levels (additional disadvantage). This violates the conditions for the normal operation of multifunctional rollers, which leads, in particular, to a decrease in the quality of their leveling the soil surface. The latter reduces the uniformity of the depth of sowing seeds, which entails a shortage of yield.

The objective of the utility model is to increase the efficiency of application of the unit when cultivating crops, including using intensive technologies, by ensuring the possibility of applying the main doses of fertilizer during sowing, including sowing to a depth of less than 50 ÷ 60 mm., And also to increase the uniformity of the sowing depth, then is by eliminating the main disadvantages of the prototype.

This problem is solved in that the declared tillage sowing unit, as well as its prototype, includes: a frame with a connecting, in particular trailed, device

and support wheels; a system for changing the height of the frame above the soil; cutting working bodies, mainly in the form of lancet paws, attached to the frame by the uprights and equipped with devices for receiving and distributing under these working bodies the material introduced into the soil, in particular the main doses of fertilizers; a system for supplying this material to the named devices, containing a hopper, dosing, transporting and other necessary elements; as well as multifunctional rollers associated with the frame. These rollers are installed after the cutting tools and are ring-shaped (hereinafter referred to as made in the form of rings or turns of a helix, for example, as in spiral rollers) rims with spokes located in the axial direction remotely from each other at acute angles of attack. In the working position, the bottom of the multifunctional rollers is located above the level of the cutting edges of the cutting working bodies. However, unlike the prototype, the claimed unit additionally has a system for sowing seeds with starting doses of fertilizers or without them, equipped with openers located after the multifunctional rollers.

This new set of common essential features of the unit, in all cases of its implementation and operation, allows the main doses of fertilizer to be applied under crops when cutting the working bodies, and the seeds can be sown with other coulters located after the multifunctional rollers. This increases the uniformity of sowing seeds with starting doses of fertilizers or without them to a predetermined depth, even less than 50 ÷ 60 mm., In the soil rationally prepared for sowing. All this provides the technical result indicated in the task of the utility model.

In specific cases, the seed sowing system is made in the form of a seeder, in particular grain fertilizer, connected to the frame of the unit, for example a mounted device. This simplifies the manufacture of the unit, and also increases the seasonal loading of its components. For example, in justified cases, its mounted or trailed seeder can be aggregated with an appropriate tractor, performing crop sowing using conventional technologies. The rest of the unit can perform pre-sowing cultivation of the soil with sowing seeds under the cutting working bodies with or without starting fertilizer doses, and at other times process vapors with or without fertilizer application.

In addition, in the seed sowing system, the coulters are installed with the possibility of forming rows of seeds symmetrical to the longitudinally-vertical plane of symmetry of each cutting working body and located mainly above the strip of the main dose of fertilizers formed using this working body. This improves the access of the root systems of plants located in rows to the main doses of fertilizers, increasing the efficiency of their use.

In addition, leveling devices are provided between the cutting working bodies and the multifunctional rollers, at least for smoothing the longitudinal ridges and furrows formed on the soil by the passage of cutting working bodies with stands in it. Such devices eliminate the additional disadvantage of the prototype, reducing the difference in levels of these ridges and furrows, improve the working conditions of multifunctional rollers, thereby improving the leveling of the soil and the uniformity of seeding. This reinforces the main technical result of the utility model.

In addition, the leveling devices have plows with uprights with which these plows are connected to the frame. This provides a simple device design.

In addition, the working surfaces of the plows of leveling devices are tilted forward, in the direction of their movement, or backward and simultaneously turned to the right or left to shift the soil from the longitudinal ridges in the transverse direction, opposite to the direction of the subsequent lateral displacement by its multifunctional rollers. The named orientation of the working surfaces of the plows allows them to level the furrows, and at the same time provides a new technical result, that is, compensates for the subsequent lateral displacement of the soil by multifunctional rollers. This evens out the surface of the soil for sowing and reduces unevenness at the joints between adjacent passages of the unit, which further improves the quality of its work.

In addition, the leveling devices are connected to the frame with the possibility of changing their position in the transverse direction and in height. This allows you to rationally place leveling devices for their effective impact on the above ridges and furrows, which improves the operation of the unit.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows the claimed tillage sowing unit, side view, example; figure 2 - remote element A of figure 1; figure 3 is a diagram in plan, explaining the sequence and results of interaction with the soil of the working bodies of the unit, its middle part, on which transverse sections (a, b, c, d) are conventionally shown behind the rows of working bodies, showing changes in the structure and topography of the soil at the appropriate stages of his work.

In the drawings, the following position designations are adopted:

1 - frame; 2 - connecting device; 3 - a basic wheel; 4 - a system for changing the height of the frame above the soil; 5 - cutting working bodies; 6 - racks of cutting working bodies; 7 - multifunctional rollers; 8 - rims of rollers; 9 - spoke rollers; 10 - a device for receiving and distribution under the cutting working body of the material introduced into the soil; 11 - leveling devices; 12, 13 — longitudinal ridges and grooves formed on the soil by the passage of cutting organs in it; 14, 15 - plows and racks of leveling devices; 16 - transverse beam; 17, 18 - racks of the transverse beam and their brackets; 19 - longitudinal axial line of the gun; twenty -

racks of roller bearings; 21 - a mechanism for changing the position of the rollers in height; 22, 23 - a hopper for the material introduced into the soil and flexible pipelines of the dosing system and pneumatic supply of this material to the devices for its reception and distribution under the cutting working bodies; 24 - hydraulic cylinders of parallelogram mechanisms of the front wheels; 25 - lever pendulum mechanism of the rear wheels; 26 - a system for sowing seeds with starting doses of fertilizers or without them; 27 - openers sowing seeds; 28 - device for additional seeding; 29 - attachment.

The tillage sowing unit (Fig. 1) has a frame 1 with a trailer, a device 2, supporting front and rear wheels 3 and a system 4 for changing the height of the frame 1 above the soil, cutting working bodies 5 attached by struts 6 to the frame 1. Working bodies 5 are made mainly in the form of cultivating lancet paws, as in our example (figure 1, 3). Although they can be different, for example, in the form of spherical disks fixed upward on the tubular uprights connected to the frame 1 with the possibility of rotation (similar to coulters of the analogue of RU 2293460). In our case, the cutting working bodies 5 in the form of lancet paws are staggered in two rows with overlapping each other (figure 3). After the working bodies 5, multifunctional rollers 7 are installed (Figs. 1, 3), connected with the frame 1 with the possibility of changing their height position. The rollers 7 have ring-shaped rims 8 with spokes 9 located in the axial direction remotely from each other under acute angles of attack α = 10 ÷ 35 ° (Fig. 3), the value of which depends on the properties of the soil and the parameters of the rollers.

Each cutting working body 5 is made in the form of a coulter. Therefore, it is equipped with a device 10 (figure 1) for receiving and distribution under this working body of the material introduced into the soil, in particular the main dose of fertilizers. The device 10 allows you to distribute this material in strips with a width of at least half the working width of the working body 5. Between the working bodies 5 (1, 3) and rollers 7 are provided leveling devices 11 (1) at least to smooth the longitudinal ridges 12 and grooves 13 (figure 3) formed on the soil by the passage in it of cutting working bodies 5 with uprights 6 (figure 1).

The leveling devices 11 (Fig. 1) have plows 14 with uprights 15 (Figs. 2, 3), with the help of which the plows 14 are connected to the frame 1. This connection is made by means of the transverse beam 16 with its uprights 17 and brackets 18 fixed to frame 1 (figure 2). In this case, it is possible to change the position of the leveling devices 11, in particular their plows 14 (Figs. 1-3) relative to the frame 1 in the transverse direction - by displacing the racks 15 on the beam 16 (Fig. 2), on which they are fixed, with special clamps, and in height - by moving the vertical struts 17 in the brackets 18. The racks 15 connecting the plows 14 with the beam 16 are made in the form of S-shaped springs. it

protects the leveling device 11 (figure 1) from damage, for example, if there are stones on the field, and also contributes to better crumbling of the soil.

The working surfaces of the plows 14 of the leveling devices 11 can be tilted forward, in the direction of their movement, as in this example (Figs. 1-3), or backward. At the same time, they should be rotated to the right or left, respectively, at the angles α and -α (Fig. 3), to shift the soil from the longitudinal ridges 12 in the transverse direction, in our example (Fig. 3), closer to the axial line 19, opposite to the direction subsequent lateral displacement of its multi-function rollers 7 further from line 19. This is necessary: first, for leveling the furrows 13; secondly, to compensate for the said displacement of the soil by rollers 7.

Multifunctional rollers 7 are combined in sections located to the right and left of the center line 19 at angles of attack β and -β (figure 3). Section rollers 7 vertical racks 20 (figure 1) of their bearing bearings are connected to the frame 1 by means of adjusting, in particular screw, mechanisms 21, allowing you to change the position of these rollers in height. In the working position, the bottom of the multifunction rollers 7 should be located above the level of the cutting edges of the cutting working bodies 5.

The unit (Fig. 1) has a hopper 22, in particular a two-section (grain fertilizer), with metering and dividing devices, flexible pipelines 23 connected to devices 10, a fan with a drive and other elements of the system for pneumatic feeding of soil material (not shown) to devices 10 working bodies 5.

The system 4 of changing the height of the frame 1 above the soil includes parallelogram mechanisms of the self-aligning front wheels 3 (Fig. 1), equipped with hydraulic cylinders 24, on the rods of which special stops are installed to regulate the depth of the soil cultivation by cutting working bodies 5. For the rear, right and left, support wheels 3 in the aforementioned system, a lever-pendulum mechanism 25 is provided. It has a common axis with supports fixed on the frame 1, a hydraulic cylinder for turning this axis, which is combined by pipelines (not shown) with a hydraulic cycle 24 ndrami front wheel 3. On the rod of the hydraulic cylinder mechanism 25, the rear wheel 3 is provided so as to adjust the predetermined stop position of the frame 1 in the operating condition of the unit, for example horizontal - adjustment on horizontal ground.

The unit has a system 26 of sowing seeds with starting doses of fertilizers or without them (Figs. 1, 3), equipped with openers 27 with devices 28 (for example, seed drills) for additional seed placement located after multi-function rollers 7. System 26 is made in the form of a seeder, connected to the frame 1 of the unit. In this example (FIGS. 1-3), the seed sowing system 26 is a mounted pneumatic grain fertilizer seeder,

connected to the frame 1 of the unit by a hinged device 29. Its copy coulters 27 are single-disc and mounted on spring-loaded pendulum leads.

In the system 26, the openers 27 are installed with the possibility of forming rows of seeds symmetrical to the longitudinally vertical plane of symmetry of each cutting working body 5 and located mainly above the strip of the main dose of fertilizers formed using this working body 5 (see Fig. 3, where the trace of the named plane is indicated by an axial line drawn from each working body 5 parallel to the longitudinal axis 19). In this example (figures 1, 3), the openers 27 are arranged in two rows in a checkerboard pattern. After each working body 5 from the right and to the left of its longitudinally vertical plane of symmetry above the zone of location of the strip of the main dose of fertilizers, two openers 27 are installed: the opener of the front row on the left and the rear opener on the right (Fig. 3).

System 26 (FIG. 1), that is, the named seeder, has wheels for supporting them in the working position. The hitch mechanism 29 provides the system (seeder) 26 with free copying of the soil in the working position and fixes it from lateral displacements relative to the frame 1 in the working and transport positions.

When preparing the unit for operation, its connecting device 2 (Fig. 1) is attached to a tractor (not shown), to the hydraulic system of which the hydraulic cylinders of the mechanisms of the front and rear wheels 3 are connected, and other necessary actions are performed. Preliminary adjustments are made to the position of the working bodies (in plan and in height) at the adjustment site and refined during trial work in the field.

The unit works (Fig.1-3) as follows. For example, a ready-to-operate unit in a transport state (Fig. 1), in which its frame 1 with all the elements associated with it, including the seed sowing system 26, is raised, is located at the beginning of the field padding with a stubble background. To get started, the drives include pneumatic feed systems for the materials introduced into the soil, in particular the main doses of fertilizer from the hopper 22 to the devices 10, as well as seeds with starting doses of fertilizers or without them from the hopper of the system 26 to its coulters 27. When moving the unit, it is transferred in working condition using the tractor hydraulic system. At this time, the system 4 changes the height of the frame 1 above the soil (Fig. 1), including the mechanisms of the rear wheels 3.

Under the influence of the weight of the unit, the rods are pressed into the hydraulic cylinders of the 24 front mechanisms and the hydraulic cylinder of the mechanism of the 25 rear wheels 3, as far as the stops installed on them allow. The frame 1 is lowered to the lower position, and all associated working bodies, including the openers 27 of the seed sowing system 26, that is, the mounted grain-fertilizer seeder, which began to rely on its wheels, are buried in the soil at the specified

for them quantities. At the same time, the drives of the metering elements of the above systems for pneumatic feeding of the materials introduced into the soil to the devices 10 of the cutting working bodies 5 and to the openers 27 of the seed sowing system 26 are automatically switched on.

When the operating mode of the unit moving at a speed of, for example, 2.2 ÷ 3 m / s (8 ÷ 11 km / h), its working bodies 5 (Fig. 1, 3), at a given depth (for example, 100 mm). ) prune the soil with weeds and plant (crop) residues. Undercutting working bodies 5, installed in width with overlapping each other (figure 3), compact the underlying and pre-crumble, due to deformation, when raising and lowering, the trimmed part of the soil. In this case, each working body 5 opens a furrow in the soil with a compacted bottom, forming a bed for the material introduced into the soil. The device 10 is scattered on this bed under the working body 5, at least half of its working working width, the material introduced into the soil, that is, the main dose of fertilizers entering this device through the flexible pipe 23 (hereinafter, the dose of fertilizers should be understood as part of them total dose per one opener). The resulting strips distributed on the compacted bed of the main doses of fertilizers are covered with a layer of soil coming down from the working bodies 5.

The cropped part of the soil when leaving the working bodies 5, having the speed of the unit (2.2 ÷ 3 m / s), bypasses their upper parts and racks 6 on the left and right, partially deviating to the corresponding sides. Therefore, under the cutting working bodies 5 and their racks 6 on the soil there are bumps, sometimes significant, in the form of longitudinal ridges 12 and furrows 13 (Fig. 3, a). The difference between the levels of H ₁ ridges 12 and furrows 13, depending on the type and condition of the soil, dimensions and the depth of the working bodies 5, can vary within wide limits, for example, H ₁ = 40-120 mm This, in the prototype of the unit, worsens the working conditions of multifunctional rollers 7, the bottom of which in these cases passes over the bottoms of deep furrows, so the soil is processed, in particular, it is denser and smoother.

In our example, soil surface leveling begins with a preliminary stage, in which at least to smooth the longitudinal ridges 12 and furrows 13 (Fig. 3) they are affected by leveling devices 11 (Fig. 1) provided in the unit between the cutting working bodies 5 and rollers 7. Plows 14 (figure 2, 3) of the leveling devices 11 located to the right of the axial line 19 of the unit and to the left of it (figure 3), due to the corresponding rotation of their working surfaces, shift the soil from about half the height of the ridges 12 ( figure 3, a), in the direction of bathroom line. Due to the shift of the soil from ridges 12 in the indicated transverse directions, the following occurs: firstly, leveling of the furrows 13 with simultaneous crumbling and compaction

soil, which smoothes its surface, reducing the difference in levels of depressions and protrusions, for example, to H ₂ = 30 ÷ 60 mm. (figure 3, b); secondly, partial movement of soil to the right and left closer to line 19, that is, to the middle of the aggregate (Fig.3), to compensate for the subsequent displacement of the soil by rollers 7 (shifting part of the soil to the edges of the aggregate).

Further, the cut soil layer prepared by the considered operation of the leveling devices 11 (Figs. 1-3) is treated with multifunction rollers 7, sections of which are installed to the right and left of the axial line 19 at angles of attack, respectively, β and -β (Fig. 3) . The rollers 7, loaded with part of the weight of the unit, are rolled buried into the soil so that the bottom of their rims 8 passes under its surface above the soil layer, compacted by cutting working bodies 5, with the main doses of fertilizer bands distributed on it, for example, at the height from them N _ps = 40 ÷ 45 mm. (Fig. 3, c).

Rims 8 with knitting needles 9 rollers rolling over with a shear 7, when entering the soil, are compressed by its front surfaces, destroying the lumps and creating, underneath, therefore, over the main doses of fertilizers at a height of H _ps , a compacted subsurface layer, which, firstly, increases the efficiency of fertilizers and secondly, forms the basis of a compacted sowing bed, on which seeds will be sown by coulters 27. When leaving the soil, the rims of 8 multifunctional rollers 7 loosen it above the compacted layer formed by them and extract the main part (up to 98%) of weeds and other plant residues trimmed by working bodies onto the surface (comb out) 5. Soil flowing around the rim sections moving in it 8 with knitting needles 9 (figures 1, 3), passes through the cavity of the rolling rollers 7 (separated) and is placed behind them, forming a loose, leveled surface. Trimmed weeds and other plant residues extracted from the soil are thrown onto this surface of the rim 8, which then dries up, forming a mulching layer with loose soil.

In addition, passing in the soil, the rims of 8 rollers 7 with external lateral surfaces shift part of it in the transverse direction from the middle of the unit to its edges, leveling the soil surface and returning to the place part of it, specially offset by leveling devices 11 from the edges of the unit closer to its center line 19 (FIG. 3). These interconnected, compensating for each other, the actions of the devices 11 and the rollers 7 provide three positive effects - additional technical results that increase the quality of the unit.

Firstly, they provide a uniform, across the width of the aggregate grip, thickness of a loose mulched soil layer over a compacted subsurface layer, that is, a uniform embedment depth of the material introduced into the soil (basic doses of fertilizers). Secondly, they create an important condition for ensuring uniform embedment depth.

seeds with starting doses of fertilizers or without them, sown by the system 26 (figure 1), that is, grain fertilizer seeder. Thirdly, they exclude the formation of longitudinal irregularities, in the form of rolls, at the joints of strips from adjacent passages of the unit. All this improves its work, eliminating the corresponding disadvantages of the prototypes.

So rollers 7 is a subsurface compaction of the lower horizons of the cropped part of the soil with the formation over the compacted layer of a loose mulch layer, aligned in thickness over the entire width of the capture tool. The difference in the levels of protrusions and depressions on the soil behind the rollers 7 is H ₃ = 20 ÷ 30 mm (figure 3, c), which creates good conditions for high-quality sowing of seeds at a given depth.

Sowing seeds with starting doses of fertilizers or without them is carried out by system 26 with openers 27 (Figs. 1, 3), that is, a pneumatic mounted grain-fertilizer seeder operating in the appropriate mode. Such a system 26 of sowing seeds, connected with the frame 1 of the unit by a mounted device 29, freely copies the soil, rolling on its wheels. Its single-disc openers 27 mounted on spring-loaded leashes in two rows in a checkerboard pattern (Fig. 3) move evenly buried in a loose soil layer to a subsurface compacted layer (sowing bed).

Each opener 27 opens a furrow in the soil, at the bottom of which, that is, on the sowing bed prepared by rollers 7 (Fig. 3), sows seeds with or without fertilizer starting dose, which are supplied to this opener by pneumatic transport using the corresponding elements of system 26 (Fig. .one). After the openers 27 pass, the furrows behind them are closed, due to the shedding of their walls, falling asleep (seeding in the soil) rows of sown seeds with starting doses of fertilizers or without them.

Following the openers 27 of the device 28 for additional seeding, the soil is compacted above the rows, providing a given sowing depth, in this example, Нп = 40 mm. (Fig.3, g), and reliable contact with the soil seeds with starting doses of fertilizers or without them. In the absence of the need to use devices 28, for example, in wet soil, they can be raised above it. Strips of loose mulched soil located between the rows sealed with devices 28 (FIG. 3, d) subsequently naturally settle. The surface of the soil in the sown field is leveled, which additionally saves soil moisture.

In our example (Figs. 1-3), due to the previously considered rational arrangement of the coulters 27 with respect to the longitudinally vertical plane of symmetry of each cutting working body 5 (Fig. 3), two rows of sown seeds are placed above each strip of the main dose of fertilizers (see Fig. .3, d). As a result of this, everything

rows of seeds are placed over the strips of the main doses of fertilizer, introduced using the working bodies 5, equipped with devices 10 (figure 1).

At the end of the fold, the unit is transferred to the transport position, doing this in the reverse order, in particular, using the tractor hydraulic system, raise the frame 1 with all the working bodies connected with it. In this case, the drives of the metering elements of the pneumatic systems are automatically switched off, therefore, the supply of materials introduced into the soil to the devices 10 of the cutting working bodies 5 and to the openers 27 of the seed sowing system 26 is stopped.

So, the utility model provides the ability to make the main doses of fertilizer during sowing, including sowing to a depth of less than 50 ÷ 60 mm., And also to increase the uniformity of the depth of sowing, with or without starting doses of fertilizer, in a well-treated soil with a compacted sowing bed, destruction weeds and moisture preservation, rational use of fertilizers, friendly seedlings, their normal development and increase in productivity. All this increases the effectiveness of the application of the claimed unit, including with intensive technologies of cultivation of crops.

Other examples of the implementation of the claimed unit are possible. For example, in justified cases, it can be performed in a semi-mounted design with the corresponding changes in its layout, wheel drive and other elements. The leveling devices may have plows with curved working surfaces or have a different design.

Claims (7)

1. Tillage sowing unit, including a frame with a connecting, in particular trailed, device and support wheels, a system for changing the height of the frame above the soil, cutting working bodies, mainly in the form of lancet paws, attached to the frame by racks and equipped with devices for receiving and distributing these the working bodies of the material introduced into the soil, in particular the main doses of fertilizers, a system for feeding this material to the aforementioned devices, containing a hopper, dosing, transporting and other necessary elements, as well as multifunctional rollers associated with the frame, installed after the cutting tools and having ring-shaped rims with spokes, located axially remotely from each other at sharp angles of attack, and in the working position the bottom of the multifunctional rollers is located above the level of the cutting edges of the cutting workers organs, characterized in that it additionally has a system of sowing seeds with starting doses of fertilizers or without them, equipped with openers located after multifunctional GOVERNMENTAL rollers. 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed sowing system is made in the form of a seeder, in particular grain fertilizer, connected to the frame of the unit, for example a mounted device. 3. The unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the seed sowing system the coulters are installed with the possibility of forming rows of seeds symmetrical to the longitudinal-vertical plane of symmetry of each cutting working body and located mainly above the strip of the main dose of fertilizers formed using this working body. 4. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that between the cutting working bodies and multifunctional rollers are provided leveling devices for at least smoothing the longitudinal ridges and grooves formed on the soil by the passage of cutting working bodies with racks in it. 5. The assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that the leveling devices have plows with uprights with which these plows are connected to the frame. 6. The unit according to claim 5, characterized in that the working surfaces of the plows of the leveling devices are inclined forward, in the direction of their movement, or backward and simultaneously turned right or left to shift the soil from the longitudinal ridges in the transverse direction, opposite to the direction of the subsequent lateral displacement of its multifunctional skating rinks. 7. The assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that the leveling devices are connected to the frame with the possibility of changing their position in the transverse direction and in height.