RU2714641C1 - Strip tillage cultivator (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: according to the first and the second versions, the soil stripper cultivator comprises a supporting frame installed on the support wheels and working sections – a functionally arranged series row of working members, including a cutting working member, ripper, working element forming grooves of required profile, rolling working element. Cultivator rack is equipped with tube for supply of liquid and / or solid mineral fertilizers. On the cultivator frame there is a hopper installation with a device for dosed supply of fertilizers. For simultaneous soil cultivation and sowing the equipment is provided with a coupling device for the sowing machine coupling. For simultaneous treatment of soil and introduction of liquid mineral fertilizers, the equipment is provided with a coupling device for coupling the container with fertilizers. Cultivator is hinged or trailed. Bearing frame consists of two transverse beams, on which working sections are made, made of reinforced rectangular pipe. Beams are connected by means of braces. Two frames with transport wheels are attached to bearing frame, each of which is equipped with hydraulic cylinder for conversion of cultivator from transport position into working position and back. Support wheels are equipped with a screw mechanism for setting the required depth of treatment. According to the second version, carriers of carrying frame is equipped with towbar by means of turnbuckle, on which there is coupling device for coupling with tractor and hydraulic cylinder for installation of unit into working position, which is connected to tractor hydraulic system and controlled from cabin. Towing equipment frame is attached to carrying frame.

EFFECT: higher quality of processing different types of soil.

6 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely to tillage machines, and can be used for strip tillage.

The cultivator of strip tillage is a trailed or mounted equipment, designed to prepare the soil for subsequent sowing and serves to protect row spacing from burnout and retain moisture when cultivating row crops.

As part of the strip processing technology, a significantly less energy-consuming operation is carried out, which allows you to get almost the same effect as from continuous processing. The advantage is that, along with the loosening of the soil, fertilizers can be applied to the depth of processing. Fertilizing directly in the plant development zone can significantly reduce the cost of fertilizers used, and in the case of liquid fertilizers, it will also make it possible to carry out nutrition in a form accessible to the plant. A classic example of performing several operations in one pass, saving up to 30% of fuel and lubricants.

Strip technology preserves natural fertility, reduces soil erosion and allows the soil to recover.

The closest device to the claimed invention is a tillage machine for strip tillage, containing a frame mounted on the support wheels, on which the rolling and ripping working bodies are mounted, and all working bodies form a lined row, on the frame on the parallelogram copying unit there is a section on which are located the working bodies of the machine, and the tillage machine further comprises a working body for cleaning the row, which is made with the possibility of adjustment height, width of processing and pressure of pressure to the soil; a cutting tool designed for cutting plant debris and cutting furrows in the soil, as well as a tool-forming furrow (see RF patent No. 147013, IPC AB 49/02, publ. 2014).

The disadvantage of this tillage machine is the increased pressure on the soil due to the installation of the support wheels directly under the frame, and, as a result, the inability to use on waterlogged soils, as well as on clay soils due to the sticking of soil to the cutting disc, the great complexity of preparatory work, the lack of safety mechanism leads to damage to the main ripping organ.

The technical task is to create a device that allows with sufficient performance to implement the technology of strip tillage in various climatic zones with different types of soils.

The technical problem is solved in that the cultivator strip tillage, containing the supporting frame mounted on the support wheels, the working sections, which are a functionally built sequential series of working bodies, including a cutting working body, a cultivator, a working body that forms the grooves of the desired profile, rolling working body, the cultivator's stand is equipped with a tube for supplying liquid and / or solid mineral fertilizers; a hopper with a dosed feed device is provided on the cultivator frame and fertilizers, for simultaneous tillage and sowing, equipment is provided with a coupling device for coupling the seeder, and for simultaneous tillage and applying liquid mineral fertilizers, equipment is provided for with a coupling device for coupling the fertilizer tank, according to the invention, the cultivator is mounted, the supporting frame consists of two transverse beams made of a reinforced rectangular pipe and connected by braces, on which the working sections are fixed, two frames with a traction are attached to the supporting frame Sportna wheels, each of which is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder for translation cultivator from the transport position to the working and back, and supporting wheels provided with a screw mechanism to set the desired processing depth.

The same technical problem is solved by the fact that the cultivator of strip tillage, containing a supporting frame mounted on the support wheels, working sections, which are a functionally built sequential series of working bodies, including a cutting working body, a cultivator, a working body forming grooves of the desired profile, rolling working the organ, the cultivator stand is equipped with a tube for supplying liquid and / or solid mineral fertilizers; on the cultivator frame, a hopper with a dosed device is provided fertilizer supply, for simultaneous tillage and sowing, equipment is provided with a coupling device for hitching the seeder, and for simultaneous tillage and applying liquid mineral fertilizers equipment is provided for with a coupling device for coupling the fertilizer tank, according to the invention, the cultivator is trailed, the supporting frame consists of two transverse beams made of a reinforced rectangular pipe and connected by braces, on which the working sections are fixed, two frames with a transporter are attached to it with orthogonal wheels, each of which is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder for moving the cultivator from transport to working position and back, the support wheels are equipped with a screw mechanism for setting the required processing depth, a drawbar is mounted on the brackets of the supporting frame with a drawbar on which the coupling device for coupling with the tractor and hydraulic cylinder for installing the unit in the working position, connected to the tractor hydraulic system and controlled from the cab, the frame of the towing equipment is attached to the supporting frame. The cutting tool of the cultivator is equipped with a spring block to create additional force for deepening it into the soil. The cultivator rack is connected to the bracket of the working section using a lever safety mechanism and a "shear" bolt. The cultivator stand is additionally equipped with a watering can for the simultaneous application of fertilizers and anhydrous ammonia. A rigid apron is installed on the frame above the press-on working body, which prevents the ejection of lumps of soil from the treated row. The cultivator provides for the possibility of replacing the cultivator with two scrappers to clean the cutting working body of adhering soil when working on waterlogged clay soils.

On the supporting frame of the cultivator of strip cultivation of soil, consisting of two reinforced transverse beams of rectangular cross section and connected by braces, brackets are installed for connection with a three-point coupling device of the tractor when used as a mounted unit. Working sections from 4 to 8 pcs are fixed on the transverse beams of the frame. with a row spacing of 700 mm and from 6 to 12 pcs. with a row spacing of 450 mm, depending on the sown crops. By means of an arm and a rack, support wheels are attached to the frame, which have a screw mechanism for setting the required processing depth. For coupling with other units, the frame of the towing equipment is attached to the rear of the carrier frame.

When using a cultivator of strip tillage as trailing equipment, the drawbar is mounted on the brackets of the supporting frame for the three-point device of the tractor with the help of a talper. A drawbar is mounted on the drawbar for coupling with a tractor and a hydraulic cylinder for installing the unit in the working position is connected to the tractor hydraulic system and controlled from the cab. Two frames with transport wheels are attached to the rear frame to the rear, each of which is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder for transferring the cultivator from the transport position to the working one and vice versa. The modular design of the unit allows the layout of the cultivator based on real conditions and requirements. So when working on waterlogged soils, not two, but four frames with transport wheels can be installed, which leads to a redistribution of loads on the soil and an improvement in the working conditions of the machine-tractor unit. When working on light soils, the front support wheels may not be installed.

The working section is a functionally built sequential series of working bodies and is mounted on a supporting frame using a bracket and fastened with high-strength bolts. A cutting tool is fixed on this bracket, which is a circular knife, which can be straight, wavy or cut. The cutting tool is designed to cut plant debris and cut through the topsoil. To create additional effort for deepening the cutting disc, a spring block is installed in the soil. A ripper is installed behind the cutting disc, which loosens the topsoil and cleans the row of crop residues in order to better blacken and heat the treated strip. The cultivator is a working body having disks mounted at an angle to each other in the form of rays bent forward, backward or straight. To the bracket of the working section, a frame is fixed on which the main working bodies are installed. A cultivator stand made of wear-resistant material loosens dense soil at a depth of 10-35 cm, i.e. in the zone of root development, allowing the root system to penetrate deeper into the soil and use moisture and nutrients more fully. The tip of the rack, when passing, forms a “mole hole” in the soil - the optimal place for fertilizing. To do this, tubes are installed on the rack for the simultaneous application of fertilizers and anhydrous ammonia. Targeted fertilizer application allows you to provide food for the seed of cultivated crops at the initial stage of development. The cultivator stand is connected to the bracket of the working section using a lever safety mechanism and a “shear” bolt. When the rack hits an insurmountable obstacle, the increasing force is transmitted through the levers of the safety mechanism to the “shear” bolt and its cutting occurs. In this case, the stand leaves the soil and bypasses the obstacle. After that, the bolt must be replaced. Next, a working body is fixed on the frame, forming the furrows of the desired profile. It consists of two vertically arranged wavy discs, the angle of which is set using the adjusting mechanism. The last one is a chain drive tool, which breaks up the remaining clods of land on arable land, creates a dense layer that helps to attract moisture from the lower layers of the soil to the upper. Due to the design, no soil sticking to the roller occurs and a visible ridge remains on the strip. The presser working member may also be a ribbed, tubular or combination roller. A hard apron is installed above the pressurizing working body to prevent the ejection of lumps of soil from the treated row. After this treatment, sowing into the treated strips with a conventional row seeder is possible.

When working on waterlogged clay soils, intensive adhesion of the soil to the cutting working body occurs. In order to improve working conditions, behind the cutting working body, two scrappers are installed instead of the cultivator, which clean the cutting disc from adhering soil during movement.

To make solid granular fertilizers on the frame of the cultivator strip cultivation of the soil can be installed in the hopper with a metering device fertilizer.

When using a cultivator of strip tillage with more than 8 working sections and a row spacing of 700 mm, the supporting frame is folding, for which hydraulic cylinders are installed inside the beams. The hydraulic cylinders are controlled from the tractor cab.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to improve the quality of soil cultivation, a more even distribution of loads on the soil, the possibility of application on various types of soils, including waterlogged and clay, the possibility of targeted fertilizer application, reducing the time of preparing the unit for work, improving the working conditions of the tractor operator,

The essence of the cultivator strip tillage is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a cultivator of strip tillage mounted on the front-side; in FIG. 2, 3 shows a cultivator of strip tillage of a trailer trailer front-side view; in FIG. 4, 5 is a side view of the working section; in FIG. 6 shows a cultivator stand with a tube for supplying liquid mineral fertilizers and a watering can for applying granular fertilizers; in FIG. 7 shows a trailed strip cultivator with a hopper for granular fertilizers, FIG. 8 shows a trailed strip cultivator cultivator with a folding support frame.

The cultivator of strip tillage (Fig. 1) consists of a supporting frame 1, on which there are brackets 2 for connection with a three-point coupling device of the tractor (not shown in the figure) when used as a mounted unit. The supporting frame 1 includes transverse beams 3 made of a reinforced rectangular pipe and connected by braces. Working sections 4 from 4 to 8 pcs are fixed on the transverse beams of the supporting frame. with a row spacing of 700 mm and from 6 to 12 pcs. with a row spacing of 450 mm, depending on the sown crops. Using the bracket 5 and the rack 6, support wheels 7 are attached to the frame 1, having a screw mechanism 8 for setting the required processing depth. For coupling with other aggregates, a trailer frame 9 and two frames 10 with transport wheels 11 are fixed to the rear of the carrier frame 1, each of which is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 12 for transferring the cultivator from the transport position to the working one and vice versa.

When using a cultivator of strip tillage as a trailed equipment (Fig. 2), a drawbar 13 is mounted on the brackets 2 of the carrier frame 1 using a talper 14. A drawbar 15 is mounted on the drawbar 13 for coupling with a tractor and a hydraulic cylinder 16 for setting the unit in working position. The hydraulic cylinder 16 is connected to the tractor hydraulic system (not shown in the figure) and is controlled from the cab. When working on waterlogged soils on a supporting frame 1 (Fig 3), not four, but four frames 10 with transport wheels 11 can be installed, which leads to the redistribution of loads on the soil and improve the working conditions of the machine-tractor unit.

The working section 4 (Fig. 4) is a functionally built sequential series of working bodies, mounted on the supporting frame 1 using the bracket 17 and secured with high-strength bolts 18. On the bracket 17, using the levers 19, the cutting working body 20 is fixed, which is a disk a knife that can be straight, wavy or notched. The cutting tool 20 is designed to cut plant debris and cut through the topsoil. To create additional effort for deepening the cutting tool 20 into the soil, a spring block 21 is mounted on the levers 19. Behind the cutting tool 20, a leveler 22 is installed on the levers 19, which loosens the topsoil and cleans the row of crop residues for better blackening and warming the treated strip. A frame 23 is fixed to the bracket 17 of the working section 4, on which the main working bodies are mounted. The cultivator stand 24, made of wear-resistant material, loosens dense soil at a depth of 10-35 cm. There are grooves in the upper part of the stand 24 for changing the working depth. The cultivator stand 24 is connected to the bracket 17 by means of a lever safety mechanism 25 and a “shear” bolt 26. When the stand 24 is hit, an insurmountable obstacle, an increasing force is transmitted through the levers of the safety mechanism 25 to the bolt 26 and its cutting occurs. When this rack 24 leaves the soil and bypasses the obstacle. After that, the bolt 26 must be replaced. On the frame 23 is fixed the working body 27, forming the grooves of the desired profile. The working body 27 is two vertically arranged wavy discs, the angle of which can be adjusted. The last on the frame 23 is a chain rolling working tool 28, which breaks up the remaining clods of land on the arable land and creates a dense layer that helps to attract moisture from the lower layers of the soil to the upper. The presser tool 28 may be a ribbed, tubular, or combination roller. A hard apron 29 is installed on top of the rolling working member 28, on the frame 23, preventing the discharge of soil lumps from the treated row.

After this treatment, sowing into the treated strips with a conventional row seeder is possible.

When working on waterlogged clay soils, an intensive sticking of soil occurs on the cutting working body 20. In order to improve working conditions behind the cutting working body 20 (Fig. 5), instead of the cultivator 22, two scraper 30 are mounted on the levers 19, which clean the cutting body 20 of adhering soil while driving.

The cultivator 24 tip during passage forms a “mole hole” in the soil - an excellent place for fertilizing. For this, a stand 31 for applying liquid fertilizers and a watering can 32 for simultaneously applying fertilizers and anhydrous ammonia are installed on the rack 24 (Fig. 6). Targeted fertilizer application allows you to provide food for the seed of the cultivated crop at the initial stage of development.

To make solid granular fertilizers on the frame 1 of the cultivator strip cultivation of the soil can be installed in the hopper 33 with a metering device for fertilizer (Fig. 7).

In the manufacture of a cultivator of strip tillage with the number of working sections more than 8 pcs. and a row-spacing of 700 mm, the supporting frame 1 is folding, for which purpose hydraulic cylinders 34 are located located inside the beams 3 (Fig. 8).

The cultivator strip tillage works as follows. The cultivator is connected to the tractor through a three-point hitch using the brackets 2 in the mounted version or with the help of the drawbar 13 and the tow hitch 15 in the trailer version, to the place of work. Before starting work, set the cultivator rack 24 and support wheels 7 to the required processing depth. Using the hydraulic cylinders 16 on the drawbar 13 and the hydraulic cylinders 12 on the frame 10 of the transport wheels 11, the cultivator is put into working position. Further, when the tractor is moving, the working bodies of working sections 4 are deepened into the soil to a predetermined depth and their work. The cutting working body 20 cuts plant residues located on the surface and in the upper soil layer, facilitating the work of the remaining working bodies. The cultivator 22 loosens the top layer and pushes the plant remains to a width of 15-25 cm. The cultivator stand 24 loosens the soil to a depth of 10-35 cm and raises it. In this case, through the tube 31 and watering can 32 attached to the rack 24, fertilizers and anhydrous ammonia can be supplied. Next, the working body 27 forms the furrows of the desired profile. The rolling working body 28 breaks up clods of earth, compacts the loosened soil and forms a ridge. At the end of the treatment strip, the working sections 4 are excavated from the soil by lowering the transport wheels 11 with hydraulic cylinders 12. The machine-tractor unit is deployed for the next passage. U-turn with recessed working sections 4 is not allowed.

Claims (6)

1. A cultivator of strip tillage, containing a supporting frame mounted on the support wheels, working sections, which are a functionally constructed sequential series of working bodies, including a cutting working body, a cultivator, a working body forming furrows of the desired profile, a working working body, and the cultivator rack is equipped with a tube for supplying liquid and / or solid mineral fertilizers, a hopper with a metering device for fertilizing is provided on the cultivator frame to simultaneously tillage and sowing equipment is provided with a coupling device for coupling the seeder, and for simultaneous tillage and applying liquid mineral fertilizers equipment is provided with a coupling device for coupling the container with fertilizers, characterized in that the cultivator is mounted, the supporting frame consists of two cross beams made from a reinforced rectangular pipe and connected by braces, on which the working sections are fixed, two frames with transport wheels are attached to the supporting frame, each of which Each is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder for transferring the cultivator from the transport position to the working one and vice versa, and the support wheels are equipped with a screw mechanism for setting the required working depth. 2. A cultivator of strip tillage, containing a supporting frame mounted on the support wheels, working sections, which are a functionally constructed sequential series of working bodies, including a cutting working body, a cultivator, a working body forming grooves of the desired profile, a rolling working body, the cultivator rack is equipped with a tube for supplying liquid and / or solid mineral fertilizers, a hopper with a metering device for fertilizing is provided on the cultivator frame to simultaneously soil preparation and sowing equipment is provided with a coupling device for hitching the seeder, and for simultaneous tillage and applying liquid mineral fertilizers equipment is provided with a coupling device for coupling the container with fertilizers, characterized in that the cultivator is trailed, the supporting frame consists of two cross beams made from a reinforced rectangular pipe and connected by braces, on which the working sections are fixed, two frames with transport wheels are attached to it, each of which is main It is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder for moving the cultivator from the transport position to the working one and vice versa, the support wheels are equipped with a screw mechanism for setting the required processing depth, a drawbar is installed on the brackets of the supporting frame with a drawbar on which the coupling device for coupling with the tractor and the hydraulic cylinder for installing the unit in the working the position connected to the tractor hydraulic system and controlled from the cab, the trailer equipment frame is attached to the supporting frame. 3. The cultivator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cutting working body is equipped with a spring block to create additional force for deepening it into the soil. 4. The cultivator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cultivator strut is connected to the bracket of the working section using a lever safety mechanism and a "shear" bolt. 5. The cultivator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cultivator post is additionally equipped with a watering can for the simultaneous application of fertilizers and anhydrous ammonia. 6. The cultivator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a rigid apron is installed on the frame above the rolling working body, which prevents the ejection of lumps of soil from the treated row.

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