RU201826U1 - UNIT FOR PROCESSING ROCKS OF COMPACT STRUCTURE INTO A FINE-GRAINED FRACTION - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of soil cultivation, in particular, to the industry of reclamation and disposal of rocks from dumps of construction pits and overburden from open-pit mines of mining enterprises. It can be used both in the mining industry and in agriculture. The unit for processing rock of a lumpy structure into a fine-grained fraction contains a support frame, along the side edges of which two horizontally oriented closed metal belts of the caterpillar type are movably mounted on the drive wheels of a larger diameter and auxiliary wheels of a smaller diameter. The belts are placed with the possibility of feeding the rock onto their inner surface contacting with the wheels, while the belt links are made of perforated plates pivotally connected to the gap. In the volume limited by the inner surface of the metal belts, cylindrical rollers connected by means of a chain transmission with auxiliary wheels, the lateral surface of which is equipped with lugs, and composite rollers connected to the rollers are installed with the possibility of rotation. The drive wheels are installed so that they can be connected by an axis with a drive gearbox, which ensures their rotation. Expansion of the arsenal of soil crushing means is provided. 2 wp f-ly, 5 dwg

Description

The field of technology.

The claimed utility model relates to the field of soil cultivation, in particular, to the industry of recultivation and disposal of rocks from dumps of construction pits and overburden of open-pit mines of mining enterprises, and can be used both in the mining industry and in agriculture, for example, for crushing clay into clay chips , more convenient for long distance transportation. The unit provides processing of dry rock of a lumpy structure into a fine-grained fraction.

Crushing processes are widely used in human production activities. The rocks supplied to the processing plants are lumps of various sizes (up to 1500 mm and more), in which the minerals are closely intergrown with each other into a monolithic mass. For opening and mechanical separation, they need to be crushed. With close intergrowth of minerals, their separation requires, as a rule, grinding to a size of about 0.2 mm and finer.

State of the art.

For the primary crushing of clay and the separation of large solid inclusions from it, stone separating disintegrator and screw rollers are used.

Disintegrator stone separating rollers CM-150 (https://zinref.ru/000_uchebniki/04400proizvodstvo/000_lekcii_proizvodstvo_02/205.htm) are intended for preliminary crushing of plastic clays and partial removal of stony inclusions. The rolls consist of two rolls of different diameters and with different rotation speeds, of which the roll of the larger diameter is smooth, and the roll of the smaller diameter is ribbed. Smooth rolls are low-speed, ribbed rolls are high-speed. Steel removable ribs of rectangular cross-section protrude above the surface of the roll. The rolls rotate in ball bearings mounted on the frame. One pair of bearings is mounted in a movable carriage on which they can move parallel to the base of the frame. Both rolls are housed in a closed metal casing with a hopper for material loading.

Disintegrator rollers work as follows. Clay, entering through the hopper through the guide chute, falls on a high-speed ribbed roller. Under the impact of the ribs of this roll, it is thrown onto a smooth, low-speed roll, which pulls it into the gap between the rolls. Stony inclusions, when the ribs strike, are thrown towards the smooth roll, hit against the top cover of the casing and are thrown out through the discharge chute.

The known unit has a complex and highly precise manufacturing of an expensive design, since to remove solid particles from viscous clay, it uses inertial forces created by a relief roll rotating at very high speeds, capable of breaking the clay mass and ejecting solid particles from it. For the reliable operation of such a unit, the shaft and the parts rotating with it must be well balanced and made of hard wear-resistant materials. In addition, moisturizing the clay to the desired consistency requires special preparation.

A mobile crushing plant (RF patent No. 2562286) with a base (1) including at least one chassis (2) and a superstructure (3) including at least one receiving hopper (4 ), a crusher (5) and a conveyor device, while the superstructure (3) includes rigid supports (10a, 10b), and between the superstructure (3) and the base (1) there is a lifting device (11) for lifting and lowering the superstructure (3) relative to the base (1), and in the driving mode the superstructure (3) through the lifting device (11) rests on the base (1), while in the crushing mode the superstructure (3), lowered by the lifting device (11), can be so installed with the supports ( 10a, 10b) onto the ground (U), so that the supports (10a, 10b) at least partially transfer directly to the ground (U) the weight of the superstructure (3) and the dynamic and static forces acting on the superstructure (3).

The known installation has large dimensions and weight, is capable of independent movement, however, the process of crushing solid lumpy material into a fine-grained fraction is technologically complex, requiring additional equipment and a certain qualification of a specialist.

Brief disclosure of the essence of the utility model.

The technical problem solved by the claimed utility model consists in overcoming the disadvantages inherent in analogs of the technical solution, by optimizing the design of the unit, which provides crushing of the dry lumpy structure of the rock of construction pits and overburden of cuts of mining enterprises into a fine-grained fraction.

The technical result achieved when using the claimed utility model is to expand the arsenal of soil crushing means used.

The technical problem posed is solved by the fact that the unit for processing rock of a lumpy structure into a fine-grained fraction, according to the technical solution, includes a support frame, along the side edges of which horizontally oriented metal closed crawler-type belts are movably mounted on different-sized drive and auxiliary wheels, a loading hopper equipped with two taps, installed with the ability to feed rock through the taps to the inner surface of metal strips in contact with the wheels, while the belt links are made of perforated plates pivotally connected to the gap, and drive wheels of larger diameter are installed on a common axis with a drive gear that ensures their rotation, in the volume limited by the inner surface of the metal belts, cylindrical rollers connected to auxiliary wheels of a smaller diameter are installed with the possibility of rotation, the lateral surface of which is equipped with lugs, as well as the composition ny rolls connected to rollers. Lugs have lateral sides set obliquely at an apex angle of 30-45º. The size of the perforation of the metal plates of the tape, as well as the gap between adjacent links of the tape, does not exceed 10 mm. The rolls are a set of independent disc rims connected by means of elastic elements with central bushings rigidly fixed on a common axis, while the disc rims are mounted with the possibility of eccentric displacement relative to the central bushings.

The technical result is achieved due to the development of the design of the unit, which has a movable web consisting of metal perforated plates through which rotating rollers and rolls push dry lumpy rock, turning it into a fine-grained fraction.

Brief description of the drawings.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by the following drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a side view of the inventive unit.

Figure 2 schematically shows a top view of the unit.

Figure 3 schematically shows a section A-A.

Figure 4 shows a fragment of the plate web of the unit.

Figure 5 schematically shows embodiments of the wheels forming the rolls.

Positions in the figures indicate:

1. Unit frame.

2. Auxiliary wheels.

3. Bunker.

4. Guiding the movement of the lamellar blade.

5. Lamellar blade.

6. Drive wheel.

7. Roll.

8. Skating rink.

9. Chain drive of the roller.

10. Chain drive of rolls.

11. Gear wheel of the drive reducer.

Implementation of the utility model.

The inventive unit is a stationary structure installed in the area of rock crushing. In the lower part of the unit there is a supporting metal frame 1, by aligning which, during installation, the position of the entire unit is adjusted. On the sides of the frame, there are two closed metal sheets 5 (strips) with an optimal width of 60-80 cm.The length of the metal strip is determined by the distance necessary to place the corresponding units of the unit (drive and auxiliary wheels, rollers, etc.) in the inner space of the closed belt. ... The canvases are formed by hinged steel plates with an optimal width of 12-20 cm (Fig. 4), equipped with slotted perforations. The connection of the plates is made with a gap. In this case, the size of the perforation and the width of the gap between the plates are approximately equal, determined by the achievable size of the fine-grained fraction, and is about 7-10 mm. The perforation slots are straight, 5-8 cm long, arranged in several rows. The perforation of adjacent rows is oriented at right angles to each other and bridges the spaces between the slots (Fig. 4). Metal belts are installed in guides 4 of the angle profile, included in the frame of the unit, ensuring their movement. In front of the unit there are four drive wheels 6 (two wheels for each belt). The diameter of the wheels is 60-80 cm. Each wheel has a ring gear made of large teeth. The wheels are mounted on one axle. In its middle part, between the belts, there is a gear of a drive gearbox 11 with an electric drive. At the rear of the unit, along the edges of the belts, there are eight auxiliary wheels 2 located in pairs one above the other. The diameter of the auxiliary wheels is 30-50 cm. Their gear rims are similar to the drive wheels. Metal belts are placed with the ability to move (rolled) along the drive and auxiliary wheels. To provide this possibility, at the ends of each plate there are lugs, which have a square shape with a size of about 65x65 - 80x80 mm (Fig. 4). The pitch of the lugs in the plates is coordinated with the alternation of the teeth of the drive and auxiliary wheels, which enter the lugs of the plates, causing the belt to move. The auxiliary wheels 2 are fixed on the axles and rotate due to the movement of the corresponding metal bands. In the volume limited by the inner surfaces of the metal belts in contact with the drive and auxiliary wheels, there are rollers and rolls that provide crushing of the rock that has fallen on the inner surface of the belt. Two rollers (one for each belt) are installed perpendicular to the direction of belt movement. Rollers 8 with a diameter of 40-50 cm are hollow, the wall thickness of the roller cylinder is 6-8 mm. On the surface, the rollers have protrusions in the form of lugs 80-100 mm long, 20-25 mm high and 30-35 mm wide, with a slope of the side surfaces of 10-15º. The lugs are arranged in several rows. In this case, the lugs of adjacent rows are shifted relative to each other and turned at an angle of 90º. The ends of the rollers cover the discs connecting the cylindrical part of the roller with its axis of rotation. The linear speed of the surface of the rollers is 1.2-1.3 times the speed of the belt. At the edges, the rollers have flanges 6-8 cm high. The working width of the roller, i.e. the distance between the inner surfaces of the flanges does not exceed the distance between the lugs of the plates. The rollers level and form the loaded rock layer. The distance between the rollers and the web of the belt is 6-8 cm (since usually rocks contain hard coarse material up to 6 cm, in cases of large fractions, the rocks should first be sieved on vibrating inclined gratings with a mesh size of 40x40 mm). The axles of the rollers are connected by a chain drive with the axles of the lower auxiliary drive wheels. The rotation of the axles of the auxiliary wheels by chain drives 9 is transferred to the rollers 8. The linear speed of the rollers is 1.2-1.3 times higher than the speed of the metal belt. Behind the rollers, in the direction of the front of the unit, there are four rolls 7, two rolls on each side. The rolls are made up of a set of independent and not connected to each other wheels, fixed on one axle. The optimal number is 10-15 wheels with a diameter of 50-60 cm for one roll. The roll wheel is formed by a disc rim with a smooth surface and a central bushing, interconnected by elastic elements (for example, springs or bent spokes), see Fig. 5. The wheel hub is rigidly fixed to the roll axis. This achieves the possibility of eccentric displacement of the rim relative to the hub (and the wheel axis). The rollers are connected by chain drives 10 with the respective rollers, and are driven in rotation when the rollers rotate. The linear speed of the rollers is equal to the linear speed of the rollers. The rolls are also installed with a gap from the inner surface of the metal strip. In this case, two successively installed rolls can be installed both with an equal gap, and with an increase from 3-3.5 cm to 5-5.5 cm - for the first roll closest to the roller, and from 1-1.5 cm to 3-3.5 cm - for the next roll.

In the rear part of the unit there is a loading hopper 3, which has a wide bell in the upper part, which diverges into two sleeves (outlets) at the bottom, for simultaneous supply of rock to the inner surface of both metal belts in contact with the drive wheels.

The inventive unit works as follows.

The unit is installed on a flat surface, firmly fixing the support frame to exclude the possibility of strong vibration. The unit is brought into working condition by turning on the electric drive, which rotates the gear of the drive reducer and, accordingly, drives the drive wheels in rotation. The teeth of the drive wheels go into the lugs of the belt plates, causing it to move along the guides. In this case, the steel belt drives the auxiliary wheels in rotation. The sprockets installed on the axles of the lower auxiliary wheels by a chain drive rotate the rollers, which in turn by a chain drive drive the rollers into rotation. Then, through the feed hopper, the rock is fed for processing with a discrete flow. When loading the aggregate, the rock through two sleeves enters the moving metal belts (their inner surface), which pull it under the rollers. Rollers, rotating, level the rock layer, at the same time grind it, causing destruction of the lumpy structure, and partially push the rock through the perforations of the plates and the gaps between them. The moving belt moves and pulls the rock further under the rotating rolls, which crush the lumpy structure, pressing it against the plates of the belt and push it through the perforations of the plates, turning it into a fine-grained fraction. When a stone or other solid object hits the roll wheel, the wheel rim rotates eccentrically relative to the bushing, smoothly rolls over it, compressing the lower springs and stretching the upper ones, after which it restores concentricity, returning to its original position. This roll design eliminates the need to lift the entire roll and pass a whole row of untreated soil. only one wheel rim will roll and rise on the stone. The rock crushed in this way spills down and is collected in a container or on a conveyor belt installed under the unit if necessary.

An example of a specific implementation.

As a prototype to confirm the technical feasibility of its implementation, as well as to confirm the possibility of achieving a technical result, a unit was made designed for crushing rock during reclamation work in urban conditions.

The unit has a frame, inside which there are two vertically closed lamellar belts. Plates 60 cm long, 12 cm wide and 12 mm thick are hingedly connected to each other. The working surface of the lamellar belts is flat. Each plate has two rows of slotted perforations 50 mm long and 7 mm wide. Rows of perforation are located at an angle of 90º to each other. At the ends of the plates have lugs measuring 60x60 mm. The distance between the lamellar belts is 40 cm. The belts move along the guides of the corner profile. The lamellar belts are driven by drive gears with a diameter of 60 cm. The belts stretch auxiliary wheels with a diameter of 30 cm. The teeth of the drive and auxiliary wheels 40 mm thick go into the lugs of the plates, ensuring the movement of the belt at a speed of 30 meters per minute. On the axles of the lower auxiliary wheels, there are chain sprockets that rotate the rollers and rolls (the linear speed of movement of their surfaces is 36 meters per minute). Between the auxiliary gear wheels and the rollers, there are branches from the feed hopper made of 2 mm thick sheet steel. When loading, the soil falls on both metal belts, which transport it sequentially to the rollers and then to the rollers. The distance from the belt to the rollers is 6.5 cm. The rollers level the soil layer, and the flanges limit its width. In this case, the lugs destroy lumps of stuck together rock, grind them and partially push through the perforations in the metal bands. The distance between the belt and the first rolls is 3 cm. Each roll is assembled from ten wheels, consisting of rims with a diameter of 30 cm and a width of 6 cm. The wheels are bushings rigidly fixed to the axle, to which eight springs are attached connecting them with the rims. The soil caught between the roller and the belt is squeezed, rubbed by surfaces moving at different linear speeds, and pressed through the perforations of the plates. If a stone hits between the surface of the belt and the roller, the movement could be stopped due to jamming, but this does not happen, because a separate wheel rim rolled around the stone, eliminating the need to lift the entire roll. The distance between the flap belt and the second roll is 10 mm. The soil crushed in this way was collected in pallets installed under the machine. The stones were collected on ribbons. To remove them, the operation of the unit was stopped and the scrapers were moved into a container installed under the unit between the plate belts.

The claimed utility model allows you to process dry sticky lumpy rock into a fine-grained fraction, while the size of the resulting fraction depends on the size of the perforation of the plates, as well as the gap between them when installed in the belt. At the same time, the unit is compact, lightweight and easy to transport and reliable in operation.

Claims (3)

1. Unit for processing rock of a lumpy structure into a fine-grained fraction, characterized by the fact that it contains a support frame, along the side edges of which two horizontally oriented metal closed caterpillar-type belts are movably mounted on the drive wheels of a larger diameter and auxiliary wheels of a smaller diameter rock onto their inner surface in contact with the wheels, while the belt links are made of perforated plates pivotally connected to the gap, while in the volume limited by the inner surface of the metal belts, cylindrical rollers connected by means of a chain transmission with auxiliary wheels are installed with the possibility of rotation, the side surface which is equipped with lugs, and composite rolls connected to the rollers, and the drive wheels are installed with the possibility of their axle connection with the drive gearbox, which ensures their rotation. 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the lugs have lateral sides set obliquely at an angle at the top of 30-45º. 3. An assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the size of the perforation of the metal plates of the tape, as well as the gap between adjacent links of the tape, does not exceed 10 mm.

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