RU221941U1 - UNIT FOR SOWING SEEDS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the agricultural process of producing food crops, in particular to the cultivation of grains. The unit for sowing seeds contains a disk battery 1 with spherical disks 2 mounted on the main frame 8, coulters in the form of flat-cutting paws 3 with seed tubes 4, toothed soil rippers 5 located along the contour of the flat-cutting paw 3, press rollers 6 and a box for seeds 7. Press rollers 6 are made in the form of a sealing anti-erosion device, consisting of a smooth cylinder 10 with a diameter of 500 mm mounted on a frame 8 using an axis 9 (Fig. 4), on which wedge-shaped rings 11 forming partitions are installed with a certain pitch. On their tops, located on circles with a diameter of 600 mm (Fig. 4), an elastic elastic shell 15 is attached to the end bands 12 with a diameter of 600 mm connected to smooth cylinders 10 using clamping strips 13 and screws 14, forming a cylindrical surface in an unloaded state. The outer surface of each wedge-shaped ring 11 is made in the form of wave irregularities with four ridges symmetrically relative to its center and axis of rotation located at the same distance from each other and four symmetrically relative to the center and axis of rotation of the wedge-shaped ring located at the same distance from each other between the ridges of the depressions. The problem that the useful model solves is to increase the anti-erosion properties of compacted soils. 5 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the agricultural process of producing food crops, in particular to the cultivation of grains.

There are known units for sowing grain crops, whose working bodies are in the form of disk coulters [1]. At the same time, pre-sowing soil preparation - cultivation - is necessary before sowing. Loosening of the soil in this case is accompanied by the removal of moist layers of soil to the surface, which leads to increased evaporation of moisture and its deficiency during the growing season of plant development.

Tillage sowing units with coulters in the form of flat-cutting paws are also known [2].

These units are energy-intensive and do not exclude the removal of wet layers to the soil surface.

A prototype unit for sowing seeds is known, including a box for seeds, coulters in the form of flat-cutting paws and compacting rollers, while in front of the flat-cutting paws-coulters, disk batteries are installed in the direction of movement of the unit with the ability to change the angle of attack, and on the back side of the flat-cutting paws toothed soil rippers are rigidly attached to their contour [3].

A smooth cylindrical roller is known [4], the surface of which has a smooth cylindrical shape.

This device, in the direction transverse to the movement of the unit, does not have properties that copy the soil microrelief, as a result of which zones of excessive compaction are formed in its upper layer, leading to a decrease in crop yields. The surface layer of soil after the passage of such rollers is also subject to water and wind erosion, to which up to 60% of soils in the Non-Chernozem Zone are susceptible [5].

A harrow roller is known [4], which is a cylinder with teeth 30 mm long placed on it along a helical line.

This device, by loosening the surface layer to a depth of 30 mm, partially eliminates the disadvantages of the previous device. However, zones of soil overconsolidation at a depth of more than 30 mm remain, and the soil's resistance to erosion does not improve significantly.

A ring roller is known [4], consisting of rings with a wedge-shaped working surface. After its passage, grooves are formed, directed in the direction of movement of the unit. When storm water flows move perpendicular to these grooves, they will prevent water erosion. However, such an arrangement occurs only in a small number of cases. Due to the peculiarities of the organization and conduct of soil cultivation work, more often the grooves are located in a direction close to the movement of water and, on the contrary, contribute to erosion, since after water flows pass through them, the fertile part of the soil is washed down, and the grooves deepen, which leads to to accelerate soil erosion processes. On waterlogged and sticky soils, ring rollers are prone to sticking, which can turn them into smooth cylindrical rollers.

A supporting and sealing device is known [6], consisting of a rotating smooth cylinder mounted on a frame, on which wedge-shaped rings forming partitions are installed at a certain pitch, on the tops of which an elastic elastic shell is placed, fixed at the ends with tension, forming a cylindrical surface in an unloaded state .

Due to the elastic properties of its surface, such a device allows for uniform compaction of the soil and eliminates sticking. However, the soil surface formed after its passage does not have anti-erosion properties.

The problem that the useful model solves is to increase the anti-erosion properties of compacted soils.

The problem is solved using a unit for sowing seeds, including a seed box, coulters in the form of flat-cutting paws and compacting rollers, while disk batteries are installed in front of the flat-cutting paws in the direction of movement of the unit with the ability to change the angle of attack, and on the back side of the flat-cutting paws toothed soil rippers are rigidly fixed along their contour, where the compacting rollers are made in the form of a compacting anti-erosion device consisting of a rotating smooth cylinder with a diameter of 500 mm mounted on a frame, on which wedge-shaped rings forming partitions are installed with a certain pitch, on the tops of which, located on circles with a diameter of 600 mm, an elastic elastic shell attached to the ends with tension is laid, forming a cylindrical surface in an unloaded state, and the outer surface of each wedge-shaped ring is made in the form of wave irregularities with four ridges symmetrically relative to its center located at the same distance from each other and four symmetrically relative to the center of the wedge-shaped rings located at the same distance from each other between the ridges and depressions, while in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the roller in the form of a sealing anti-erosion device, the ridges and depressions of adjacent rings alternate with each other in such a way that the ridges of one ring are located opposite the depressions of the other wedge-shaped rings adjacent to it .

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 schematically shows a top view of a unit for sowing grain seeds, Fig. 2 shows the same side view, Fig. 3 shows a general view of the sealing anti-erosion device; FIG. 4 - section A-A in Fig. 3, in Fig. 5 - section B-B in Fig. 3.

The unit for sowing seeds contains a disk battery 1 with spherical disks 2 mounted on the main frame 8, coulters in the form of flat-cutting paws 3 with seed tubes 4, toothed soil rippers 5 located along the contour of the flat-cutting paw 3, compacting rollers 6 and a box for seeds 7.

The compacting rollers 6 are made in the form of a sealing anti-erosion device, consisting of a smooth cylinder 10 with a diameter of 500 mm mounted on a frame 8 using an axis 9 (Fig. 4), on which wedge-shaped rings 11 forming partitions are installed with a certain pitch. circles with a diameter of 600 mm (Fig. 4), an elastic elastic shell 15 is laid, secured on end bands 12 with a diameter of 600 mm connected to smooth cylinders 10 using clamping strips 13 and screws 14 with tension, forming a cylindrical surface in an unloaded state. The outer surface of each wedge-shaped ring 11 is made in the form of wave irregularities with four ridges symmetrically relative to its center and axis of rotation located at the same distance from each other and four symmetrically relative to the center and axis of rotation of the wedge-shaped ring located at the same distance from each other between the ridges of the depressions, with In this case, in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the roller in the form of a sealing anti-erosion device, the ridges and depressions of adjacent rings alternate with each other in such a way that the ridges of one ring are located opposite the depressions of the other wedge-shaped rings adjacent to it.

The unit for sowing seeds works as follows.

When the unit moves, the spherical disks 2 of the disk battery 1 crush the remains of plants and stems of cultivated crops and embed them in the soil, forming a mulching layer with a thickness within the depth of seed placement. Following flat-cutting paws 3 with soil rippers loosen the soil below the mulching horizon, at the same time sowing seeds onto the prepared soil, and then its surface is rolled by rollers 6, and when the unit moves across the field, the smooth cylinder 10 together with the axes 9 rotates under the influence of adhesion forces on the soil relative to the frame 8. The elastic elastic shell 15, interacting with the wedge-shaped rings 11, compacts the soil in the lower part of the device by deformation, and due to the execution of the outer surfaces of the wedge-shaped rings 11 in the form of wave irregularities with ridges alternating with each other in the direction of the axis of the device at adjacent rings and depressions, staggered depressions are formed on the surface of the field. In the upper part of the device, the elastic elastic shell 15 takes a cylindrical shape and is freed from soil particles adhering to it. When precipitation falls in the form of rain, water accumulates in the formed depressions and seeps into the underlying layers of soil, which prevents the formation of avalanches that wash away the fertile layer down the slope. Some over-compaction of the soil in the depressions is compensated by a better water supply to these micro-areas of the field surface and, in general, the plants on it are in equal conditions in terms of their growth opportunities.

The presence of micro-irregularities on the field surface also helps to reduce wind erosion, since air flows, copying them near the field surface, lose part of their energy.

All technological operations are performed simultaneously in one pass of the unit.

Information sources

1. Patent RU No. 2293460, IPC A01S 7/00, A01S 7/20. Publ. 02/20/2007

2. Patent RU No. 2248686, IPC A01B 49/06. Publ. March 27, 2005

3. Patent RU No. 2476053, IPC A01C 7/00; A01B 49/06. Publ. 02/27/2013

4. Klochkov A.V., Chaichits N.V. and Buyashov V.P. Agreecultural machines. Agreecultural equipment. Minsk, “Urajay”, 1997. – P.80.

5. Improving processes and mechanization for tillage and sowing. Questions of agricultural mechanics. Minsk. TsNIIMESKH NZ USSR, 1983. - P.36.

6. German patent EP 650695 A1, cl. A01B 29/04. "Inventions of the countries of the world." No. 17, 1997

Claims (1)

A unit for sowing seeds, including a box for seeds, coulters in the form of flat-cutting paws and compacting rollers, with disk batteries installed in front of the flat-cutting paws in the direction of movement of the unit with the ability to change the angle of attack, and on the back side of the flat-cutting paws along their contour they are rigidly fixed toothed soil rippers, characterized in that the compacting rollers are made in the form of a compacting anti-erosion device consisting of a rotating smooth cylinder with a diameter of 500 mm mounted on a frame, on which wedge-shaped rings forming partitions are installed, on the tops of which, located on circles with a diameter of 600 mm, a fixed at the ends with tension, an elastic elastic shell, forming a cylindrical surface in an unloaded state, and the outer surface of each wedge-shaped ring is made in the form of wave irregularities with four ridges symmetrically relative to its center located at the same distance from each other and four symmetrically relative to the center of the wedge-shaped ring located at the same distance from each other between the ridges of the depressions, while in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the roller in the form of a compacting anti-erosion device, the ridges and depressions of adjacent rings alternate with each other in such a way that the ridges of one ring are located opposite the depressions of the other wedge-shaped rings adjacent to it.