RU2321976C1 - Tillage and seeding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: tillage and seeding machine has frame, carrier wheels, seeding unit mounted on frame and equipped with seed guides and mellowing devices, seed hopper disposed above seed guides and mellowing devices, and tillage tool depth adjustment mechanism. Mellowing devices are fixed to frame by means of individual tines. One of carrier wheels is kinematically connected to seeding unit. Frame is additionally equipped with hitch and beam pivotally attached to hitch. Covering rollers disposed at both sides of beam are made in the form of paired covering wheels spaced from each other by distance making 0.8-0.9 the width of wheels. Each pair of covering wheels is mounted on individual tine fixed to beam by means of yokes equipped with shock-absorbing members. Each pair of covering wheels disposed at one side of beam is offset relative to each pair of covering wheels disposed at other side of beam by value making 0.8-0.9 the width of wheel. Mellowing devices are made in the form of spherical cutting disks positioned at an angle of attack of 18-22 deg. Some tines of mellowing devices are fixed to frame by means of yokes equipped with shock-absorbing members formed as rubber cylinders.

EFFECT: improved agrotechnical characteristics, in particular, moisture retention capacity of soil.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The tillage sowing machine, claimed as an invention, is intended for mulching the surface soil layer together with plant residues while sowing grain and leguminous (with grain size 1-10 mm) crops by continuous sowing. The tillage sowing machine provides preparation (cultivation) of the soil with the leveling of its upper layer, as well as sowing seeds while rolling the sowing.

Known tillage-sowing unit containing working bodies for cutting the upper soil layer, a device for sowing seeds and rolling working bodies installed behind the working bodies for cutting the upper soil layer. The rolling working bodies are made in the form of sections consisting of a set of ring-shaped coils fixed on the axis using rods with an equal pitch of their spacing along the axis from 80 to 200 mm, while the sections are installed at an angle of attack from 55 to 80 ° C, and each the ring-shaped roller is made in the form of a truncated cone (see RF patent No. 2127502 for an invention, priority of 02/03/1997, IPC 6 АВВ 49/06, published on 03/20/1999, "Tillage and sowing unit").

A disadvantage of the known aggregate is the impossibility of ensuring uniform moisture conservation over the entire surface of the sown field, due to the fact that the truncated cones in the form of a cone create zones with different rolling loads on the soil, and the maximum load falls on the lowest point of the ring-shaped roller ring and provoke uneven rolling of the soil along the depth of cultivation that affects the quality of seedlings.

Also known is a combined unit for soil preparation and sowing of grain crops, including a frame with support wheels, loosening working bodies in the form of plane-cutting paws fixed to the frame by means of racks, a hopper for sowing seeds and fertilizers, openers for sowing seeds with a seed distributor (sowing device) , coulters for feeding fertilizers, packer rollers and a mechanism for regulating the depth of the working bodies, moreover, the coulter for feeding fertilizers and the coulter for sowing seeds are mounted coaxially on the rack of flat-cut legs the adjustment is relative to each other along the height of the rack, and the mechanism for controlling the depth of stroke of the working bodies is equipped with screw devices with left and right screw threads associated with the hydraulic cylinder for lifting the unit (see RF patent No. 2195096 for an invention, priority dated 08/27/2001, IPC 7 А01В 49/06, А01В 49/04, А01В 49/02, А01С 7/20, published on December 27, 2002, “Combined unit for soil preparation and sowing of grain crops”).

The disadvantages of this combined unit for soil preparation and sowing of grain crops is the inability to provide an effective moisture saving system due to uneven soil rolling caused by the rigid fastening of the roller rollers on the rack, which makes it impossible to roll uneven areas of the sown field.

The closest set of essential features to the claimed invention is a pneumatic seeder for leguminous crops, including a sowing device mounted on the frame, equipped with seed tubes to the coulters, over which a hopper with two compartments for seeds and fertilizers is installed, and a hydraulic cylinder kinematically connected to the coulters (loosening workers bodies), mounted under the frame, and on both sides of the frame are installed pneumatic support wheels, kinematically connected with the metering unit, and a guide cylinder (mechanism for controlling the depth of travel of loosening working bodies) kinematically connected to the openers (loosening working bodies) (see RF patent No. 2116017 for an invention, priority dated 05/29/1997, IPC 6 A01C 7/04, published July 27, 1998 . "Pneumatic seeder for leguminous crops").

The disadvantages of this seeder for leguminous crops is the inability to ensure moisture conservation of the soil, since the placement of seeds into the soil using the coulter does not provide for the creation of a reliable hydraulic lock on the loosened soil surface, which prevents intensive evaporation of moisture, which negatively affects the quality of seedlings.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to improve the agrotechnical parameters of the soil, in particular to improve its moisture conservation.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that the cultivating machine sowing, including the frame mounted on the frame sowing device, equipped with vas deferens to the loosening working bodies, above which there is a hopper for seeds, and the loosening working bodies are mounted on the frame using separate racks, support wheels, one of which kinematically connected with the sowing apparatus, and the mechanism for controlling the depth of travel of the loosening working bodies, according to the invention, the frame is additionally equipped with a hitch and pivotally attached captured by the hitch beam along which on both sides of the rolling rollers are installed, made in the form of pairwise mounted rolling wheels with a distance between the wheels equal to 0.8-0.9 wheel width, each pair of rolling wheels mounted on a separate rack, mounted on beam using clamps with shock-absorbing elements, while each pair of press wheels installed on one side of the beam is offset relative to each pair of press wheels installed on the other side of the beam by an amount p vnuyu 0.8-0.9 wheel width.

The loosening working bodies are made in the form of cutting spherical disks installed at an angle of attack equal to 18-22 °, and separate racks of the loosening working bodies are fixed on the frame using clamps with shock absorbing elements.

Shock absorbing elements are made in the form of rubber cylinders.

The presence of each pair of press wheels mounted on a separate rack, the fastening of each pair of press wheels on both sides of the beam using clamps with shock absorbing elements (in particular, in the form of rubber cylinders) and the hinge attachment of the beam to the hitch allows you to repeat the relief of the soil, smoothly overcoming irregularities, and evenly roll the soil in depth due to the autonomous movement of each pair of wheels on the soil surface.

The location of the press wheels with a distance between the wheels equal to 0.8-0.9 of the wheel width, as well as the displacement of each pair of wheels mounted on one side of the beam with respect to each pair of wheels mounted on the other side of the beam, by an amount equal to 0, 8-0.9 wheel width, allows you to evenly roll the entire sown area, excluding non-rolled areas of the field due to 100% overlap of the sown area with press rollers, which allows you to get a compacted top layer of soil, preventing intense evaporation of moisture, which chshaet agronomic soil indicators and provide friendly shoots seeds.

The distance between the wheels of less than 0.8 of the width of the wheel causes excessive pressing of seeds, and the distance between the wheels of more than 0.9 of the width of the wheel does not provide complete coverage of the area sown with seeds by the wheels and its rolling over the entire sown surface.

Thus, the distance between the wheels, equal to 0.8-0.9 of the width of the wheel, is optimal, due to which uniformity of rolling along the entire sowing surface is achieved without gaps and without re-compaction of individual sections.

The implementation of the loosening working bodies in the form of cutting spherical disks installed at an angle of attack equal to 18-22 °, where the individual racks of the loosening working bodies are mounted on the frame using clamps with shock-absorbing elements, allows uniform loosening of the entire surface of the treated soil, which after rolling and creating a compacted top layer on the entire surface to be sown retains moisture in the loose layer for a long time.

An angle of attack of less than 18 ° does not provide loosening by the spherical discs of the entire surface to be treated; as a result, untreated sections of the soil remain, which, after rolling, form over-compacted areas that do not retain moisture.

An angle of attack greater than 22 ° increases the load on the spherical discs, causing them to break, which reduces the effectiveness of tillage.

Technical solutions that coincide with the totality of the essential features of the claimed invention have not been identified, which allows us to conclude that the claimed invention meets such a patentability condition as “novelty”.

The claimed essential features of the invention, predetermining the receipt of the specified technical result, do not explicitly follow from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that the claimed invention meets such a patentability condition as "inventive step".

The patentability condition “industrial applicability” is confirmed by the example of the implementation of the work of the tillage sowing machine.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a general view of a tillage sowing machine - side view, Fig. 2 shows a design of press rollers - top view, Fig. 3 - same side view.

Sowing tillage machine is a combined unit consisting of a tillage unit for tillage and a sowing unit with a pneumatic sowing device, developed by Mistral (Slovakia).

The tillage sowing machine includes a frame 1 mounted on a frame 1, a pneumatic sowing device 2, equipped with seed tubes 3, over which a hopper 4 for seeds is located, and also mounted on the frame 1 using separate racks 5 loosening working bodies 6, support wheels 7, one of which are kinematically connected with the sowing apparatus 2 by means of a chain transmission system (not shown in the drawing), and a mechanism for adjusting the stroke depth 8 of the loosening working bodies 6 (see Fig. 1).

The frame 1 is equipped with a hitch 9 and a beam 10 pivotally attached to the hitch 9. Roller rollers 11 are installed along the beam 10 on both sides. The roller rollers 11 are made in the form of pairwise mounted roller wheels 12 with a wheel spacing of 0.85 wheel width (cm Fig. 2). Each pair of press wheels 12 is mounted on a separate rack 13, mounted on the beam 10 using clamps 14 with shock absorbing elements 15 (see figure 1). Each pair of press wheels 12 mounted on one side of the beam 10 is offset from each pair of press wheels 12 mounted on the other side of the beam 10 by an amount equal to 0.85 of the wheel width (see FIG. 2).

Each of the two support wheels 7 is mounted on separate racks 16, which, through the axles 17, are mounted on brackets 18, which, in turn, are rigidly mounted on the frame 1 (see figures 1 and 3).

The loosening working bodies 6 are made in the form of cutting spherical disks installed at an angle of attack equal to 20 °, and the individual racks 5 of the loosening working bodies 6 are mounted on the frame 1 using clamps 14 with shock absorbing elements 15.

The mechanism for controlling the depth of travel 8 of the loosening working bodies 6, on the one hand, regulates the rise (lowering) of the support wheels 7 by means of an adjusting screw 20 fixed to the rack 16 with the handwheel 21, and on the other hand, regulates the rise (lowering) of the press rollers 11 by means of a limb 22 rigidly fixed on the frame 1 with through holes 23 by means of axles with needle pins 24 (see FIG. 1).

Shock absorbing elements 15 are made in the form of rubber cylinders.

The seed hopper 4 is attached to the upper part of the frame 1 and is a metal cone-shaped container. The seed tubes 3 pass through special holes in the side walls of the seed hopper 4 and are mounted on the outside of the cutting discs 6.

Machine tillage sowing works as follows.

Previously, before starting work, the loosening working bodies 6 are adjusted to a certain depth of tillage using the mechanism for adjusting the depth of travel 8. To do this, by rotating the handwheel 21, the support wheels 7 are raised or lowered by a predetermined amount. The rolling rollers 11 are set to the same value using the axles with needle pins 24, which are installed in the through holes 23 of the limb 22. Moreover, the value of h (see Fig. 1) is the depth of soil cultivation and, accordingly, sowing.

When the machine moves the tillage sowing drive wheel 7 through a chain transmission system (not shown in the drawing) initiates the operation of a pneumatic sowing device 2, which through the seed ducts 3 carries out a continuous dosed supply of seeds into the soil.

At the same time, the adjustment of the pneumatic sowing device for a certain sowing rate is carried out in accordance with the type of seeds.

The seeds laid in the soil are rolled up with the help of rolling rollers 11 of the claimed design, which provides a complete and uniform compaction of the entire sown surface without gaps and without re-compaction of individual sections, thereby improving soil moisture conservation as one of the most important agricultural indicators.

Claims (3)

1. Sowing-cultivating machine comprising a frame, a sowing apparatus mounted on the frame, equipped with vas deferens to the loosening working bodies, over which the seed hopper is located, and the loosening working bodies are mounted on the frame using separate stands, supporting wheels, one of which is kinematically connected with sowing apparatus, and a mechanism for controlling the depth of travel of the loosening working bodies, characterized in that the frame is additionally equipped with a hitch and a beam pivotally attached to the hitch, along which along both its sides the rollers are equipped with packer rollers made in the form of pairwise mounted packer wheels with a distance between the wheels equal to 0.8-0.9 of the wheel width, each pair of packer wheels mounted on a separate rack, mounted on the beam using clamps with shock absorbing elements, while each pair of press wheels installed on one side of the beam is offset from each pair of press wheels installed on the other side of the beam by an amount equal to 0.8-0.9 of the width of the wheel. 2. The cultivating sowing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the loosening working bodies are made in the form of cutting spherical disks mounted at an angle of attack equal to 18-22 °, and the individual racks of the loosening working bodies are fixed to the frame using clamps with shock absorbing elements . 3. Sowing tillage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the shock-absorbing elements are made in the form of rubber cylinders.

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