RU175202U1 - UNIVERSAL COMBINED WIDE-COVER MODULAR AGRICULTURAL UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a universal combined modular agricultural unit with interchangeable modules for tillage and sowing crops in various ways. A universal combined agricultural unit consists of a tillage part, which, in turn, consists of three sectional frames with support wheels and a towing device, on which removable modules with with castor wheels and various types of working bodies for closing moisture, pre-sowing and basic tillage, for steam treatment and for chisel soil. To eliminate the possibility of clogging plant debris between the frame and the soil surface, replaceable modules with working bodies for closing moisture and pre-sowing soil have a height racks of working bodies ≥0.5 m for steam treatment and main tillage ≥0.6 m, chisel soil ≥0.7 m, while racks of working bodies are located on the module frame in four rows in the form of symmetry wedge with the wedge angle forward. When the unit is operating as a tillage sowing unit when hanging on the frame replaceable modules with working bodies for row or spread sowing with different depth distribution of seeds and fertilizers between the tillage part of the unit and the tractor, a hopper for seeds and fertilizers with pneumatic transportation is installed and the distribution of seeds and fertilizers among the coulters. The introduction of a universal combined tillage sowing unit in the production of ensures the performance of all operations of the technological process of cultivating crops with one unit with interchangeable modules for closing moisture, for pre-sowing tillage with different types of working bodies, for pre-sowing tillage and sowing by ordinary or scattering methods with fertilizer being placed below the seed placement depth, for steam treatment, basic tillage and soil cultivation. Thus, one unit replaces the entire complex of machines for cultivating crops, which reduces the metal consumption and cost of machines, increases the productivity of the unit. Tillage with the appropriate working bodies provides the best conditions for the growth and development of plants, which increases the yield of cultivated crops.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to a universal combined modular agricultural unit with replaceable modules for tillage and sowing crops in various ways.

There are various wide-grip implements made up of an aggregate through a coupler for closing moisture, for pre-sowing and basic tillage, for tillage and sowing of various crops that are designed to carry out one technological operation (S. A. Iofinov. Operation of a machine-tractor fleet. Moscow. Kolos 1974. 479 s).

The disadvantages of such units are the need to compile them through the hitch with the involvement of additional workers and equipment, poor maneuverability and the need to disassemble them when moving to the transport position.

The closest claimed universal combined wide-grip modular agricultural unit is a wide-grip modular-block agricultural unit (RU patent No. 51331) IPC А01B 73/00 (2006.01) with working body modules that are rigidly attached to the frame of the central and side sections of the unit, while the sections are mounted with the possibility of their alternate transfer from the working position to the transport, first of the side sections vertically above the central section, then the central section together with the side mi on the frame and the attachment mechanism, while the width of the grip of each side section is equal to the width of the grip of the Central section or more than it is multiple.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the ability to perform only pre-sowing tillage before sowing crops or steam treatment by established working bodies.

The objective of the utility model is to expand the technological capabilities of the unit by hanging on the central and lateral sections through a linkage mechanism with automatic coupler interchangeable modules with various types of working bodies for closing moisture, for tillage and sowing crops.

The task is carried out in that in order to expand the technological capabilities of the unit containing the towing device, the central section, side sections, and modules are installed on each of the sections, and the sections themselves are mounted with the possibility of their alternate transfer from the working position to the transport one and vice versa, the width the grip of each side section is equal to the grip width of the central section or more than it is multiple, in contrast to the prototype, the hitch mechanism with an automatic coupler for hanging removable modules with different types of working bodies, depending on the function with the support wheels for copying the surface topography of the field and with rollers for leveling, rolling and mulching the soil in accordance with the purpose of the module, and to ensure the stability of the module in the horizontal plane and eliminate the possibility of clogging plant residues between the racks of the working bodies, they are located on the module frame in four rows in the form of a symmetrical wedge with a wedge angle forward.

When operating the unit in the version of a tillage implement (cultivator) to eliminate the possibility of clogging plant residues between the frame and the soil surface, replaceable modules with working bodies for closing moisture and pre-sowing tillage have a working unit height of ≥0.5 m for steam treatment and main processing soil ≥0.6 m, soil cultivation ≥0.7 m.

When operating the unit in the version of a tillage sowing unit when hanging removable modules with working bodies for row or spread sowing with different depth distribution of seeds and fertilizers between the tillage part of the unit and the tractor, a hopper for seeds and fertilizers with pneumatic transportation and distribution of seeds and fertilizers to the coulters is installed .

The expansion of the technological capabilities of the unit is achieved by the fact that each replaceable module is combined and performs several technological operations in one pass, namely when sowing:

- presowing tillage;

- the creation of a compacted bed for seeds;

- sowing seeds by ordinary or scattering methods;

- fertilizing below the depth of sowing seeds by 3-5 cm;

- closing the grooves;

- rolling the soil to create contact between the seeds and the soil;

- creating a mulching layer of soil;

when processing the soil:

- tillage to a given depth;

- leveling the surface of the field;

- grinding large lumps;

- the creation of a mulching layer of soil.

Using replaceable modules with various types of working bodies, conditions are created for the growth and development of plants in one pass of the unit in different soil and climatic conditions.

Depending on the tractor traction class (from 14 to 80 kN), aggregates with the number of modules from 1 to 7 are used, moreover, one module is installed in the central section, and increases by a multiple in the side sections.

In FIG. 1 shows a universal combined wide-grip modular agricultural unit with three interchangeable modules in working position.

In FIG. 2 shows a universal combined wide-grip modular agricultural unit with three interchangeable modules in the position of long-distance transport (top view).

In FIG. 3 shows a replaceable module of an agricultural unit (side view and top view).

In FIG. 4 shows the working bodies of removable modules.

A universal combined wide-angle agricultural unit (Fig. 1, 2) consists of three sectional frames 1 with support wheels 13, with a tow hitch 2 and replaceable modules 3 with rollers 4, which are hung on the frame of the central and side sections of the frame 1 through a hitch mechanism 5 s automatic coupling 20, while the width of each side section is equal to the width of the Central section or more than it is multiple, and the sections themselves are mounted with the possibility of their alternate transfer from the working position to the transport and vice versa.

Replaceable modules 3 (Fig. 1, 3) consist of a frame 16, support wheels 12, working bodies 17, a support roller 4 with a preloaded mechanism 18, a lifting mechanism 19.

The working bodies 17 are located on the frame of the replaceable module 16 (Fig. 3) in four rows, in the form of a symmetrical wedge with a wedge angle forward, which ensures stability of the module in the horizontal plane and free passage of plant residues between the working bodies.

The horizontal frame of the module in the longitudinal-vertical plane is regulated by changing the length of the upper link of the linkage mechanism, and the depth of the working bodies by changing the position of the support wheels 12 in height.

The hitch mechanism 5 holds the modules 3 during transportation in a vertical position, the design of the hitch mechanism is similar to the tractor hitch mechanism.

To eliminate the possibility of clogging plant debris between the frame and the soil surface, replaceable modules with working bodies for closing moisture and presowing tillage have a height of the working unit stand ≥0.5 m, for steam treatment and main tillage ≥0.6 m, soil chelating ≥ 0.7 m.

When hanging on the frame replaceable modules with working bodies for row or spread sowing with different depth distribution of seeds and fertilizers between the soil cultivating part of the unit and the tractor, a hopper for seeds and fertilizers is installed with pneumatic transportation and distribution of seeds and fertilizers to the coulters.

The unit operates as follows. Depending on the function of the unit, the central and lateral sections are equipped with removable modules with the following types of working bodies via a hitch mechanism with an automatic coupler (Fig. 4):

- for closing moisture, for mulching or rolling the field surface, for spreading chopped straw over the field surface - needle spring working bodies (Fig. 4A);

- for closing moisture and pre-sowing till the emergence of weeds, when their root systems are in a filiform form - loosening working bodies on a spring strut (Fig. 4B);

- for pre-sowing tillage after emergence of weeds - paw working body on a spring strut (Fig. 4C);

- for presowing and main tillage and steam treatments - paw working body on a rigid stand (Fig. 4D);

- for pre-sowing and main tillage and steam treatments - paw working body on a rigid spring-loaded stand, (Fig. 4E);

- for ordinary sowing according to a stubble background with a seeding of seeds and fertilizers of different depths. Fertilizers are embedded in the soil 3-5 cm below the depth of sowing seeds - anchor opener (Fig. 4F);

- for scattered seed sowing with fertilizer placement 3-5 cm below the seed sowing depth - paw opener (Fig. 4G);

- for chisel soil cultivation - chisel working body (Fig. 4H).

The types of working bodies on removable modules and the height of the working bodies are selected depending on the working hours, soil and climatic conditions of the zone and the type of work performed in order to ensure high-quality operation of the unit.

To ensure the stability of the module in the horizontal plane and eliminate the possibility of clogging plant residues between the racks of the working bodies, they are located on the module frame in four rows in the form of a symmetrical wedge with a wedge angle forward.

The transfer of the unit to the transport position is carried out in the following sequence (Fig. 1, 2):

- using a hydraulic cylinder 6 with a translation mechanism 7, the rollers 4 are stacked on the frame of the module 3;

- using the hydraulic cylinder 8 of the linkage mechanism 5, the working bodies of the module 3 are raised to the level of the frame 1;

- using hydraulic cylinders 9, the side sections of the frame 1 with modules 3 are translated into a vertical position;

- using the hydraulic cylinder 10, the frame 1 of the unit is rotated 90 ° towards the towing device 2 until it stops with the mounting support 14;

- modules 3 are fixed by captures 11 (Fig. 2) for transporting the unit to the position of long-distance transport.

When operating the unit in the version of the tillage sowing unit between the tractor and the tillage part of the unit, a hopper for seeds and fertilizers with a running gear 15 is installed (Fig. 1, 2). The transportation of seeds and fertilizers to the coulters is carried out by the pneumatic system of the unit. The coulter design provides fertilizer placement in the soil to a depth of 0.03-0.05 m below the seed placement depth.

During the operation of the agricultural unit in the version of a tillage implement (cultivator), the hopper for seeds and fertilizers, together with the pneumatic system and modules for sowing, are stored.

The universal combined wide-grip modular agricultural unit has 2 interchangeable modules for pre-sowing soil cultivation and row or spread sowing of seeds and 6 interchangeable modules for pre-sowing and main tillage and soil cultivation, the structures of which are identical and have a working width of 2.52 m.

The depth of movement of the working bodies of removable modules is regulated within the following limits: at moisture closure 0.05-0.06 m, at pre-sowing tillage with loosening working bodies and paws on a spring strut 0.05-0.07 m, at sowing seeds with anchor coulters 0.06-0.10 m, paw openers ( spread sowing) 0.05-0.07 m, while fertilizing at a depth of 0.03-0.05 m below the seeding depth, 0.1-0.16 m on steam processing, 0.12-0.16 m on the main processing, 0.16-0.3 m on soil cultivation.

The working width of the universal combined wide-angle agricultural unit is: 1 module - 2.52 m, 2 modules - 5.04 m, 3 modules - 7.56 m, 4 modules - 10.08 m, 5 modules - 12.6 m, 6 modules - 14.58 m, 7 modules - 17.64 m that provides the possibility of its aggregation with tractors of traction class 14-80 kN.

Each type of plug-in module is equipped with its own roller, which is designed to perform the function appropriate for this type of module.

The introduction of a universal combined wide-grip modular agricultural unit into production will ensure that all operations of the technological process of cultivating crops are carried out with one unit with replaceable modules for closing moisture, for pre-sowing tillage with different types of working bodies, for pre-sowing tillage and sowing in ordinary or spread methods with fertilizer incorporation below the depth of seeding, for the treatment of steam, the main processing and chiselivaniya soil. Thus, one unit replaces the entire complex of machines for cultivating crops, reduces the metal consumption and cost of machines, and increases the productivity of the unit. Tillage with the appropriate working bodies provides the best conditions for the growth and development of plants, which increases the yield of cultivated crops.

Claims (3)

1. A universal combined wide-grip modular agricultural unit containing a tow hitch, a central section, side sections, with modules installed on each section, and the sections themselves mounted with the possibility of their alternate transfer from the working position to the transport one and vice versa, while the width of each side grip section is equal to the width of the Central section or more than multiple, characterized in that to expand the technological capabilities of the unit on the Central and side sections at a hitch mechanism with an automatic coupler was installed for hanging removable modules with various types of working bodies depending on the function performed with the support wheels for copying the relief of the field surface and with rollers for leveling, rolling and mulching the soil in accordance with the purpose of the module, and to ensure the stability of the module horizontal plane and eliminate the possibility of clogging with plant residues between the racks of the working bodies, they are located on the module frame in four rows in the form of symmetry egg wedge with wedge angle forward. 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to eliminate the possibility of clogging plant residues between the frame and the soil surface, replaceable modules with working bodies for closing moisture and pre-sowing tillage have a working unit height of ≥0.5 m for processing steam and main soil cultivation ≥0.6 m, soil cultivation ≥0.7 m. 3. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that when mounting removable modules with working bodies for row or spread sowing with different depth distribution of seeds and fertilizers on the frame between the tillage part of the unit and the tractor, a seed and fertilizer hopper with pneumatic transportation and distribution of seeds is installed and coulter fertilizer.

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