RU122228U1 - MULTIFUNCTIONAL SOIL TILLING SOWING COMPLEX - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A multifunctional tillage sowing complex, including a heavy anti-erosion cultivator, containing a row-crop frame mounted on two support wheels, on which working bodies for surface tillage are mounted, made in the form of racks with lancet paws, and on which a harrow with three rows of teeth is rigidly mounted, with the possibility of adjusting the height of the installation as the teeth wear, a grain-fertilizer seeder is also attached to the row frame by means of a trailer; traction two cylindrical rollers. 2. Multifunctional tillage sowing complex according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional seed hopper is installed on the row-crop frame, connected to the main seven-bucket hopper by means of a loader.

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture and agricultural machinery, in particular to tillage and sowing machines.

The prior art is known for cultivating an anti-erosion cultivator (RF patent No. 2064744, IPC A01B 35/02, publ. 08/10/1993), including a frame, support wheels and working sections with lancet and flat-cutting paws and anti-erosive working body in series in the form of an ellipsoid biconvex disk rigidly fixed on the axis. However, this cultivator solves the narrow task of inter-row cultivation of row crops using soil-protecting technology without performing sowing operations.

Known tillage and sowing unit used in dry steppe soil and climatic zones of agriculture (RF patent No. 2204891, IPC A01B 49/06, published on 06/27/2003), containing a frame mounted on the support wheels, a hopper connected by seed tubes with openers made in the form of lancet paws with dumps and levelers. Behind the levelers are mounted cylindrical packer rollers and cultivators.

The main disadvantage of this unit is the weak reaction of the unit to a change in the topography of the sown field, due to the large base, i.e. the distance between the axis of the track rollers at the rear and the axis of the front wheels, which in fields with an uneven surface leads to the placement of seeds at different depths. The disadvantage is limited functionality, because the unit is used on light soils of steppe zones of agriculture and is not suitable for heavy soils of the middle zone.

The objective of the claimed utility model is to combine pre-sowing treatment of heavy soils with sowing cereals in one pass along the stubble and increase the yield of grain crops.

The technical result is the creation of a multifunctional tillage sowing complex (MPPK), which provides all types of soil preparation and sowing work in one pass along the stubble.

The indicated technical result is achieved by the MPPK, including a heavy anti-erosion cultivator, containing a tilled frame mounted on two support wheels, on which mounted working bodies for surface tillage, made in the form of racks with lancet paws, and on which a harrow with three rows of teeth is rigidly mounted, with the ability to adjust the installation height as the teeth wear, also a grain-fertilizer seeder is attached to the row frame by means of a trailer, containing a seeder mounted on two supporting In the forest, the sowing frame, on which the main seven-thread bin is mounted, connected by the seed tubes to the double-disc coulters, also has two cylindrical roller rollers attached to the sowing frame using articulated traction, and an additional seed hopper is mounted on the rowing frame, connected to the main seven-seed hopper by means of a loader.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, which presents a schematic diagram of the MPPK. MPPK includes a heavy anti-erosion cultivator containing a tilled frame 1 mounted on two supporting pneumatic wheels 2. On the frame 1 mounted working bodies for surface tillage, made in the form of racks with lancet paws 3. On the frame 1 is mounted rigidly comb 4 with three in rows of teeth using tool 5, which allows you to adjust the installation height as the teeth wear. An additional seed hopper is also mounted on top of frame 1 above. A grain-fertilizer seeder is mounted to the frame 1 via a trailer 7, which contains a sowing frame 9 mounted on two pneumatic support wheels 8, on which the main grain-fertilizer hopper 10 is mounted on top, having two compartments: one for seeds, another for mineral fertilizers, and grain and fertilizer sowing machines (not shown in the diagram). The hopper is connected by the seed tubes 11 to the double-disc coulters 12. Two cylindrical roller rollers 14 are attached to the frame 9 by means of a hinge rod 13, which are also the rear support of the frame 9. The main grain fertilizer hopper 10 is connected to the additional hopper 6 by means of a loader 15. The MPPC is attached to the traction device (not shown in the diagram) with a trailer 16.

MPPK containing a heavy anti-erosion cultivator and grain fertilizer seeder, works as follows.

When the complex is moving, the cultivator, using racks with lancet paws 3 at a set depth, loosens and levels the soil, cuts the weeds, and the comb harrow 4 with powerful spring rods with a diameter of 14-16 mm and a height of up to 650 mm crushes and levels the soil to the depth of the paws, comb out pruned weeds, stacks crop residues and straw in a row along the course of sowing. Double-disc coulters 12 ideally copy the topography of the soil, and they enter the podsolnikovy zone from the grain-fertilizer hopper 10 by means of sowing devices through the seed tubes 11 and seeded seeds and fertilizer fertilizers. At the established depth, all seeds are laid in one horizon at a given depth in accordance with the agrotechnical requirements of individual crops. Sown seeds and fertilizer fertilizers are evenly distributed over the entire width of the sowing tape. Due to the articulated connection of the traction 13 with the frame 9, the packer rollers 14 copy the field topography, crush and compact the soil in tape rows directly above the sowed seeds, thereby causing a closer contact between the soil and the seeds, which ensures friendly uniform seedlings and a high yield.

The work of MPPK in soil tillage provides:

- uniform distribution of straw on the surface, alignment of crop residues during sowing, distribution of all weeds on the surface in order to accelerate their drying, grinding lumps, leveling the soil surface;

- ordinary sowing of seeds of grain, leguminous crops, both separately and simultaneously with the sowing of loose and non-loose grass seeds with the simultaneous introduction of granular mineral fertilizers into the sown rows;

- creation of favorable conditions for seed germination due to the uniform distribution of seeds over the depth of planting and field area, as well as the creation of a continuous compacted soil layer above the seeds, ensuring close contact of seeds with the soil, facilitating the capillary movement of moisture from the lower layers to the upper ones, slowing down the evaporation of soil moisture , reducing the likelihood of wind erosion.

Thus, the compacted and leveled surface of the sown field during MPPK operation provides the emergence of uniform seedlings, which contributes to increased yield.

The operational efficiency of the declared MPPK, based on a combination of row cultivation and sowing, is significantly higher than in known analogues and allows the following types of work to be carried out in optimal agronomic terms:

- sowing all types of grain and leguminous crops on stubble in one pass;

- sowing winter crops in early spring;

- sowing a clean and busy couple of winter crops;

- sowing under cover of both perennial and perennial herbs;

- sowing all types of feed mixtures for the production of balanced feed for livestock;

- sowing sunflower, and then, after two weeks - grain mixtures 4-5 species;

- top dressing of winter and perennial grasses;

- treatment of vapors, the main autumnal treatment in order to provoke weeds on heavy soils, if necessary at some stage.

MPPK, embodying the claimed utility model, is able to achieve the specified technical result, which is confirmed by tests of the prototype, held in the Krasnokamsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. In the spring of 2012, 400 hectares of spring crops were planted using the complex. MPKK showed simplicity and reliability in operation, maintainability.

Claims (2)

1. A multifunctional tillage sowing complex, including a heavy anti-erosion cultivator, containing a tilled frame mounted on two support wheels, on which mounted working bodies for surface tillage, made in the form of racks with lancet paws, and on which a harrow with three rows of teeth is rigidly mounted, with the possibility of adjusting the installation height as the teeth wear, a grain-fertilizer seeder, mounted on two on the supporting wheels, a sowing frame, on which the main seven-bunker hopper is mounted, connected by seed tubes to double-disc coulters, is also attached to the sowing frame using two articulated traction two cylindrical packer rollers. 2. The multifunctional tillage sowing complex according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional seed hopper is mounted on the row crop frame, connected to the main seven-seed hopper by means of a loader.