RU2437267C1 - Combined ploughshare - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention may be used in agricultural machine building, namely, in devices for row seeding. A ploughshare comprises a nose part, a stand and two jaws with a compactor for the central row furrow bottom. The nose part of the ploughshare is made in plan as a wedge. In the stand there are three vertical slots, and at its both sides there are side sections fixed with the possibility of adjustment along height relative to it. The latter consist of knives with slots inclined to horizon in the longitudinal and transverse planes, and furrow plows. In furrow plows there are seed channels provided, as well as compactors of side furrows bottom. Furrow plows with compactors have the possibility of displacement and fixation along slots of knives parallel to cutting edges. Furrow plows are fixed on knives by tightening nuts on rods passing through slots in knives and holes in furrow plows with the possibility of readjustment. ^ EFFECT: invention will make it possible to ensure simultaneous multi-component sowing of crops into parallel rows at a certain depth determined by agrotechnical capabilities and width of spaces between rows. ^ 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, and in particular to devices for simultaneously planting seeds of various crops in the soil at specified depths and with the required row spacing.

Known combined coulter, consisting of a freely rotating flat disk mounted on a leash, a fixed seed guide and a furrow-forming working body, the lower edge of which is made as part of a wedge-shaped opener. The combined opener is equipped with additional flat cutting legs, a lancet paw, and a row leveling device. Additional flat-cutting legs with cutting edges on the frontal parts are mounted on the leash in opposition, the blade edges of the legs are bent from the plane of the disk at an angle to the horizon (RU No. 2204894, IPC АСС 7/20, 2001).

The disadvantages of the described opener include the impossibility of simultaneous sowing of various crops in several parallel rows.

The closest analogue to the claimed object in terms of essential features is a coulter that allows you to simultaneously lay the seeds of various crops at different depths in the soil. The coulter consists of a four linker, in which a spring is installed, pressing the coulter to the surface of the field. Two cheeks with a main seal are fixed on the rack, a runner with a slot, and a rake is installed in front of the runner. A seal is installed at the bottom of the runner, and trims are fixed at the top in the middle. Through the slot, the passage of fine-growing seeds is provided. Seeds sown more deeply enter the space between the cheeks. One of the cheeks contains a blade with a passively rotating disk, which in the process of work throws soil into the furrow between the cheeks. Both furrows are simultaneously embedded in the soil with earthing up following the opener. Different depth of seed placement is provided by raising the runner on the coulter stand and adjusting the total depth of seed placement using zagortache (AS USSR No. 1611246, IPC A01C 7/20, 1990).

The disadvantage of the coulter is the impossibility of changing the distance between the rows, which complicates the selection of sown components, its use does not allow to create optimal conditions for seed germination. The presence of side strips to prevent the grooves from falling asleep for small seeds, increases the resistance to the coulter movement and worsens its stability.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To reduce the cost of feed and at the same time improve their quality by increasing the protein content and the complex of trace elements allow various types of multicomponent crops. Yields of these mixtures are higher than those of monosowing, lodging of plants is reduced, conditions for photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation are improved, solar energy is used more fully, soil moisture and nutrient reserves are reduced, losses during harvesting are reduced, and the introduction of the legume component solves the problem of nitrogen deficiency in the soil. which is essential for maintaining soil fertility. Joint sowing, in which the seeds of crops are not mixed in advance, but are sown separately in alternating rows, is more effective. It is economically feasible to sow the components simultaneously in one pass of the seed unit. At the same time, it is important to maintain the optimal parameters of the seed placement depth of each crop and the row spacing between them.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is the formation of multicomponent feed agrocenoses due to the simultaneous sowing of two or more crops in parallel rows at the depth and width of row spacing determined by agrotechnical requirements. This provides the proposed opener. The agrotechnical result is an increase in the yield of fodder crops and an increase in the quality of feed.

This result is technically achieved by the fact that the side sections are fixed on the main rack, which have the ability to independently move in height relative to the main rack, which provides the optimal seed placement depth for each crop. Movable seed tubes with seed guides are installed on the lateral sections, the movement of which through holes in the cutting knives allows you to vary the row spacing.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a combined opener, side view; figure 2 is a front view; figure 3 is a view of A.

Information confirming the possibility of technical implementation of the claimed invention are as follows.

The combined opener comprises a stand 1 with a nose portion 2 rigidly fixed thereon; cheeks 3 and 4; the central seed tube 5, the continuation of which is the seed guide 6, installed between the cheeks 3 and 4; central seal 7 of the bottom of the furrow. The left sections are fixed on the left and right on the rack 1 with the possibility of independent rearrangement in height of the side sections, consisting of knives 8 and 9, mounted at angles to the horizontal in the longitudinal and transverse planes and having grooves parallel to the cutting edge, furrows 10 and 11 with side furrow bottom seals 12, 13, struts 14, 15.

Furrows 10 and 11 have the ability to reinstall on the grooves of the knives 8, 9, providing specified distances between the central and side rows. The fixation of the furrowers is made by tightening the nuts 16, 17 on the rods of the side seals 12, 13, which pass through the knives and furrows, as well as by tightening the bolts 18, 19, the fixing struts 14, 15. The rack has three vertical grooves in which the fasteners of the knives for changing the depth of the side sections relative to the Central. The sections are fixed with bolts with nuts 20, 21. The nose part 2 in the front part is made with rounding, when viewed from above - with a wedge.

Combined opener works as follows.

When the sowing unit moves, the wedge-shaped nose 2 of the opener spreads the soil, forming a compacted seed bed of the central row. An additional seal on the bottom of the furrow is provided by the central seal 7, and the seeds of the central culture enter the prepared bed. Knives 8, 9 produce loosening the soil and cutting weeds. Side seals 12, 13 form seed beds for side crops. Through the lateral seminal channels in the furrowers 10 and 11, the seeds fall on the seed beds. The zagortachiki and rollers (not shown) following the combined opener close the grooves with seeds with the ground and pack them.

Reconfiguration of the opener to a different seed placement depth in the center row is done by reconfiguring the depth of the sowing section of the seeder on which the opener (not shown) is mounted. Reconfiguration of the depth of the side sections of the opener is carried out by moving them in the grooves of the central rack, followed by fixing at the required depth with bolts with nuts 20 and 21. Changing the distances between the central and side rows is done by moving the furrowers with side grooves of the bottom of the furrow along the grooves of the knives 8, 9. The required position is fixed using nuts 16, 17 and bolts 18, 19, clamping struts 14, 15.

Thus, pre-sowing cultivation and simultaneous sowing of several crops in parallel rows with the specified row spacing and seed placement depth for each crop is performed. The coulter is easily reconfigured to different seed placement depths and row spacing.

Claims (1)

A combined opener containing a stand and two cheeks with a furrow bottom seal, characterized in that three vertical grooves are made in the stand, the nose of the opener is made in the form of a wedge in plan, while on the opener, in addition to the central seal of the furrow bottom, there are two side and the rack has height-adjustable side sections, consisting of knives tilted to the horizon in the longitudinal and transverse planes, and furrowers with vertical seed channels and bottom seals of the side furrows moving along the grooves in knives parallel to the cutting edges, and the furrowers are fixed on the knives with spacer screws and long nuts on the rods passing through the grooves in the knives and holes in the furrowers, with the possibility of reconfiguration.

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