RU2538402C1 - Combined opener - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: opener comprises an A-hoe, a rack-fertiliser tube, wedges and a drill tube. In under-hoe space of the hoe a sole is attached. In the sole three identical through vertical holes are made, having a shape of right triangular prisms. The first through vertical hole is located in the middle of the sole, the second hole is shifted to the right, and the third hole is shifted to the left from the middle of the hoe. One of the edges of each of the three straight triangular prisms, made in the sole, is located in the longitudinal-vertical plane passing through the straight triangular prisms parallel to the longitudinal-vertical plane of symmetry of the opener. In three identical through vertical holes the hollow wedges identical in shape are mounted. The free ends of the hollow wedges identical in shape are mounted 3-5 cm below the surface of the sole. The hollow wedges identical in shape have two working surfaces converging at an angle equal to 22-25 degrees. The edges at the apex of the wedge angle coincide with the edges of the straight triangular prisms located in longitudinal-vertical planes extending through the straight triangular prisms parallel to the longitudinal-vertical plane of symmetry of the opener. The down suction of the wedges is 8-10 degrees. In the rack-fertiliser tube the funnel-guide is mounted, made in the form of an inverted truncated cone. The angle of inclination to the horizontal of the conical part of the funnel is greater than the natural angle of repose of fertilisers. The area of flow passage of the lower base of the funnel-guide is less than the area of flow passage of the rack-fertiliser tube. The lower base of the funnel-guide is connected to the divider of fertiliser flow. The divider of fertiliser flow is divided by jumpers into three equal sectors. The sectors of the divider of fertiliser flow are connected by the feeding channels with three holes in the sole. The feeding channels to the second and third holes are located at an angle greater than the natural angle of repose of fertilisers.

EFFECT: this constructive implementation enables to improve the uniformity of the split-level fertiliser application simultaneously with subsoil-broadcast seeding grain seeds.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to combined coulters of stubble seeders for the localization of bulk mineral fertilizers with simultaneous tillage and sowing of grain crops, and can be used on grain fertilizer seeders.

Known opener of the seeder-cultivator (US Pat. RF 2076563, IPC A01C 7/20. Opener of the seeder-cultivator / ID Shishlyannikov, VV Kulakov, AM Saldaev // No. 94035301/15; claimed 09/22/1994; publ. 04/10/1997), including the stand and the bit, made in the form of an elliptical cone with a rounded top, the base of which at the interface with the stand has concave-curved surfaces. The rack is made of two sidewalls with offset blades on the front part, the mating surfaces of the sidewalls of which are provided with grooves that form a through hole in which the vas deferens is placed, the lower edge of which is installed above the nose of the bit, in the alignment of the rack there is an additional rack formed of two sidewalls on the front part of the rack fixed rigid curved leash, the rear end of which is installed at the level of the rounded end of the bit of the front rack, the sides of the additional rack form facing curvature upwardly convex conical funnel unlocked, the ends of the larger neck funnel equipped with working edges and directed towards the working blade the basic rack. An additional stand with a bell and a lead is fixed in the alignment with the main stand and chisel.

The disadvantages of this coulter include the instability of the stroke in depth associated with the design of the ripping tooth.

A known method of sowing crops with mineral fertilizers and a device for its implementation (US Pat. RF 2350064, IPC A01C 7/00. A method of sowing crops with mineral fertilizers and a device for its implementation / N.F.Sucureatin, S.V. Meretsky, A.N. Sucureatin // No. 2007135158/12; claimed September 21, 2007; published March 27, 2009), including a vertical strut connected by two parallel rods fastened in a diagonal direction by a spring and fingers with an arm. In the rack below the tie rod, a series of adjacent holes are placed on one vertical axis. A lancet paw is rigidly fixed to the bottom of the rack. Moreover, it is made in the form of a plane having two bends in the transverse direction, the first bend being made downward by an angle not exceeding 25-30 degrees, and the second bending is made upward by an angle not exceeding 20-22 degrees, in the place of the paw, where the width corresponds to the width of the aisle.

The disadvantages of this coulter include the complexity of the design, high metal consumption, instability of the coulter in depth due to the obtuse angle of entry of the working body into the soil for fertilizer application, which ensures the whole structure is deepened, in addition, single-row application of the main dose of mineral fertilizers, poor seed distribution by sieving area, as he carries out two-line sowing, but not subsoil-scatter.

A known method of sowing grain crops with fertilizer and a device for its implementation (US Pat. RF 2326520, IPC A01B 79/02 A01C 7/20. A method of sowing grain crops with fertilizer and a device for its implementation / NF Sucuretin, A. N. Sucheratin, A.V. Bondarev // No. 2006117292/12; claimed May 19, 2006; published on November 27, 2007), the device comprises a seed-fertilizer rack consisting of an arm to which a front column is attached, the lower end of which is made in the form of a wedge facing with a sharp end in the direction of movement, as well as two cheeks, by means of which a cavity is called divided by partitions into three cavities. Fertilizer receivers are attached to the top of the cheeks. Two seed guides are attached to the lower end of the cheeks, the ends of which are bent to the right and left, respectively, by half the row spacing, and the seed collectors are installed in the upper part of the cheeks. On the front desk in its lower part by means of support plates a lancet paw is fixed. From the bottom, two furrow formers are rigidly attached to the paw. An articulated roller with two disks is attached to the rear leg of the paw through a swivel.

The disadvantages of this device include the instability of the coulter in depth due to the obtuse angle of entry of the working body into the soil for fertilizer application, which ensures deepening of the entire structure, in addition, single-row application of the main dose of mineral fertilizers, poor distribution of seeds over the sowing area, t. to. he carries out two-line sowing, but not subsoil-scatter.

The closest in technical essence (prototype) is a combined coulter (US Pat. RF 2224402, IPC A01C 7/20. Combined coulter / AS Novitsky, NF Sucheratin, AN Scuriatin // No. 2002120755/12; claimed 29.07.2002; publ. 02.27.2004), consisting of a lancet paw with a working width of 330 mm, attached to the tuk-pipe stand, two vas deferens are installed behind the rack, one of which is directed under the left part of the paw, and the other under the right. In the lower part of the coulter a cut is made to the width of the fertilizer belt. The cut is made oblique, which ensures the formation of fertilizers in the soil in the form of a vertical ribbon. To ensure better penetration, a wedge is installed under the lancet paw. To prevent clogging of the oblique opener of the coulter at the moment of deepening, a counterweight valve is pivotally fixed in its lower part. To avoid soil from entering the vas deferens, the lancet paw contains rigidly fixed left-side and right-side shield-dumps.

Combined opener works as follows. Mineral fertilizers are sown by the seeder to the fertilizer and seed tubes via hoses. At the exit of the fertilizer coulter, fertilizers, due to the oblique cut, are successively pinched by the soil, forming a vertically located tape. Seeds that are transported through the vas deferens are fed to the reflector valves and placed on a sealed bed prepared by seals, after which they are covered with soil coming off the dump shields.

Valves that protect the outlet openings of fertilizer and seed guides from clogging with soil work as follows:

- the tap guide valve, under the action of the counterweight at the moment of penetration into the soil, is in the "closed" position, and when the coulter begins to move, the soil, acting on the valve broadening, opens it; at the time of penetration, the counterweight returns the valve to its original position;

- the valves of the seed guides from the effect of the soil on their pointed parts open at an angle of 45 degrees, performing additional functions of seed reflectors. There are times when the tractor can spontaneously roll back when starting, then the valves will again close under the influence of the soil, preventing clogging of the seed guides.

The disadvantages of this coulter include design complexity, instability of the coulter depth, due to the obtuse angle of entry of the wedge into the soil, which leads to self-deepening of the coulter, which in turn makes it impossible to work on heavy soils, poor distribution of fertilizers over the application area, associated with the fact that fertilizers are placed in the soil with one vertical tape, which negatively affects the development of the root system of plants and leads to incomplete use of fertilizers by plants, Flax seed distribution by sieving area, because he carries out two-line sowing, but not subsoil-scatter. All this in general leads to lower crop yields and higher production costs.

The claimed invention is aimed at eliminating the above drawbacks, and when using it, the following result was obtained: a more stable opener stroke in depth, a more uniform distribution over the area of seed and fertilizer application, the ability to work on heavy soils, which will lead to higher crop yields and lower costs production.

Graphic materials

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a combined opener.

Figure 2 shows the sole.

Figure 3 shows a hollow wedge.

Figure 4 shows a funnel-guide.

The combined opener (Fig. 1) contains a lancet paw 1, a stub pipe 2, hollow wedges 3 and a vas deferens 4, a sole 5 is fixed in the sublap space of the lancet paw 5. Three identical vertical openings 9, 10 are made in the sole 5 (Fig. 2) 11 having the shape of straight trihedral prisms, the first through vertical hole 10 having the shape of a straight trihedral prism is located in the middle of the sole 5, the second through vertical hole 9 having the shape of a straight trihedral prism is shifted to the right from the middle of the pointed legs 1 (Fig. 1), the third through vertical hole 11 (Fig. 2), having the shape of a straight trihedral prism, is shifted to the left of the middle of the lancet paw 1 (Fig. 1), one of the ribs of each of the three straight trihedral prisms made in the sole 5 (figure 2), is located in the longitudinally vertical planes passing through straight trihedral prisms parallel to the longitudinally vertical plane of symmetry of the opener. In three identical through vertical holes 9, 10, 11 (FIG. 2), having the shape of straight trihedral prisms made in the sole 5, hollow wedges 3 of identical shape are installed (FIG. 1), the free ends of hollow wedges of identical shape 3 are installed below the surface of the sole 5 (figure 2) by 3 ... 5 cm. The identical hollow wedges 3 (figure 3) have two working surfaces A, B, C, D and A, B, E, F, converging at an angle α equal to 22 ... 25 degrees, the ribs at the apex angle α of identical shape of hollow wedges 3 coincide with the edges of straight trihedral prisms, p located in longitudinally vertical planes passing through straight trihedral prisms parallel to the longitudinally vertical plane of symmetry of the opener. The occipital angle ε is identical in shape to the hollow wedges 3 (figure 3) is 8 ... 10 degrees. A funnel-guide 6, made in the form of an inverted truncated cone, is installed in the fertilizer guide 2 (Fig. 1), the angle γ of inclination to the horizon of the conical part of the funnel-guide 6 (Fig. 4) is greater than the angle of repose of the fertilizers, the cross-sectional area S ₁ the lower base of the funnel-guide 6, made in the form of an inverted truncated cone, less than the area of the passage section S _{2 of the} strut-pipe 2 (figure 1). To the lower base of the guide funnel 6 (Fig. 4), made in the form of an inverted truncated cone, a bead flow divider 12 is connected, the bead flow divider 12 is divided by jumpers 13 into three equal sectors, the sectors of the bead flow divider 12 are connected by supply channels 8 (FIG. 1) with three identical through vertical holes 9, 10, 11 (figure 2) in the sole 5. The inlet channels 8 (figure 1) to the second and third identical through vertical holes 9, 10, 11 (figure 2) are installed under angle greater than the angle of repose of fertilizers, while in It portion of the sole under the vas deferens, set seed dispenser 7 (Figure 1).

Combined opener works as follows.

When the combined opener moves, the lancet paw 1 enters the stubble layer of the soil and lifts it. The soil layer without gushing and destruction moves along the lancet paw 1, while in the sole 5, the hollow wedges 3 are identical in shape, the hollow wedges 3 cut the soil layer below the cutting plane of the lancet paw 1, forming grooves to a depth greater by 3 ... 5 cm of depth seed embedding. Fertilizers arriving along the stand-pipe line 2 fall into the guide funnel 6, passing through which are concentrated in the lower base of the guide funnel 6 and fall on the bead flow divider 12, are divided by jumpers 13 of the bead flow divider 12 into three equal flows and passing through the supply channels 8, fall through hollow wedges 3 into grooves with a depth greater than the depth of seed placement. Then the sole 5 closes the fertilizer and aligns the bottom of the furrow, forming a compacted bed for seeds. Seeds entering the vas deferens 4 into the subalpaceous space of the lancet paw 1 fall onto the seed distributor 7 and are evenly distributed along the bottom of the furrow. In this case, the soil, continuing to move along the lancet paw 1, smoothly covers the bottom of the furrow with a layer of soil.

Thus, the claimed combined coulter provides a more uniform multi-level fertilizer at the same time as the subsoil-spread seed sowing, which will lead to higher crop yields and lower production costs.

Claims (1)

A combined opener comprising a lancet paw, a fertilizer stand, a wedge and a vas deferens, characterized in that a sole is fixed in the sublap space of the lancet paw, with three identical through vertical holes having the shape of straight trihedral prisms, the first through vertical hole having the shape of a direct trihedral prism is located in the middle of the sole, the second through vertical hole having the shape of a straight trihedral prism is shifted to the right of the middle of the lancet la s, and the third through vertical hole, having the shape of a straight trihedral prism, is shifted to the left of the middle of the lancet paw, while one of the ribs of each of the three straight trihedral prisms made in the sole is located in longitudinally vertical planes passing through straight trihedral prisms, parallel to the longitudinal-vertical plane of symmetry of the opener, while in three identical through vertical holes having the shape of straight trihedral prisms made in the sole, hollows identical in shape are installed e wedges, while the free ends of the identical in shape hollow wedges are set 3 ... 5 cm below the surface of the sole, while the identical in shape hollow wedges have two working surfaces converging at an angle of 22 ... 25 degrees, and the ribs at the apex of the angle are identical in the shape of hollow wedges, they coincide with the edges of straight trihedral prisms located in longitudinally vertical planes passing through straight trihedral prisms parallel to the longitudinally vertical plane of symmetry of the opener, and the occipital angle hollow wedges, which are identical in shape, is 8 ... 10 degrees, and a funnel-guide is installed in the pipe stand, made in the form of an inverted truncated cone, while the angle of inclination to the horizon of the conical part of the funnel is greater than the angle of repose of the fertilizers, while the passage area of the lower base funnel-guide, made in the form of an inverted truncated cone, less than the area of the passage section of the strut-duct, and to the lower base of the funnel-guide, made in the form of an inverted truncated cone a mustache, a bead flow divider is attached, while the bead stream divider is divided by jumpers into three equal sectors, and three equal sectors of the bead stream divider are connected by supply channels with three identical through vertical holes in the sole having the form of straight trihedral prisms, while the supply channels to the second and the third identical through vertical holes are installed at an angle greater than the angle of repose of the fertilizers.

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