RU179956U1 - Combined opener - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the stubble seed coulters and can be used on grain seeders. The combined coulter contains a lancet foot, pipe stand, identical hollow wedges and seed tube, lancet foot sole, guiding funnel, beech flow divider with jumpers feed channels and seed distributor. The lancet pit stand has a rectangular cross-section, while a knife with a height equal to more than the seed placement depth is installed on the front surface of the puddle-tackle stand, while the angle at the top of the knife is 60-65 °, while the lower part of the knife smoothly passes to the lancet paw surface . The ribs at the apex of the angle of identical hollow wedges are tilted back relative to the direction of movement of the combined opener at an angle of 10 ... 12 °. The upper part of the guide funnel coincides with the internal cross-section of the strut-flow pipe, while the fertilizer flow divider is connected to the lower part of the funnel guide, divided by two jumpers into three equal parts, and three exit openings are formed in the lower part of the fertilizer flow divider jumpers in the upper part of the fertilizer flow divider go into the lower part of the guide funnel by an amount equal to 1/2 the height of the guide funnel. In the lower part of the funnel-guide, the jumpers are inclined towards the side walls of the funnel-guide at an angle not less than the angle of repose of the fertilizers. The feed channels connect the three outlet openings of the fertilizer flow divider and the openings of the trihedral prisms of the sole. A useful model will improve the uniform distribution of seeds and fertilizers in depth and sowing area, increase crop yields and reduce traction resistance during operation of the combined opener. 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the coulters of stubble seeders.

Known combined tillage-fertilizer-sowing opener, including a hollow stand, lancet paw, wings, wedge, stabilizer, seed tube, seed diffuser, dumpers, and the hollow stand is equipped with paired vertical channels communicating with horizontal channels located under the working surface of the wings, at the ends of which hollow double-sided trihedral wedges are installed, the hollow region of which is connected with horizontal channels, and the seed diffuser is made in the form of an elliptical parab oloid with a protrusion in the rear part, in the form of a half cone facing the front of the seed diffuser (RU, patent for invention No. 2366145 C1, IPC АСС 7/20, published on 09/10/2009, bull. No. 25).

The coulter's disadvantages include the horizontal arrangement of the fertilizer channels, which leads to clogging with the fertilizer granules, since the granules are fed under the influence of their weight, in addition, fertilizers are applied only along the edges of the seeded tape, while the central part of the seeded tape is deprived of nutrients. The installation of waste heaps complicates the design and increases the resistance of the coulter when it moves in the soil. This reduces the yield of the crop. A combined coulter is known, including a knife sequentially mounted on a stand along the coulter axis, groove former, tuco and vas deferens, while a flat knife with a toe in front, fixed at an angle ϕ to a horizontal plane, which is equal to the angle of friction of the weeds against the knife, is fixed to the stand in this case, the inclined part of the sock has hard-wearing alloy on the right side, and sharpening on the left side, which is associated with a left-hand flat-cutting paw fixed to the side wall of a flat knife having hone sharpening and surfacing of the lower edge of the blade with a hard wear-resistant alloy, the rear part of the flat knife has a shank to which a right-hand flat-cutting paw is fixed on the right side, having upper sharpening and surfacing of the lower edge of the blade with a hard wear-resistant alloy, the crumbling angle α of the flat-cutting paws is adopted from the soil crumbling condition without mixing and removal of the lower layers to the surface, the angle of the paw solution γ is taken from the condition of cutting weeds by sliding cutting without enveloping the blade, to the lower edge of the flat but in the area of the upper edge of the flat-cutting paws, heels are fixed — formers of the grooves for seeds and fertilizers, located on opposite sides of the knife plane and paired with the vas deferens and fertilizer ducts, behind which are provided stubbers installed at a height that allows the moist soil layer and shelter to be captured from the groove walls them seeds and fertilizers, while the zagrotachki have a slope down to the horizontal plane from the leading edge to the rear (RU, patent for invention No. 2417571 C1, IPC АСС 7/20, publ. 05/10/2011, bull. No. 13).

The disadvantage of this design is that the seeds and fertilizers are applied on one line, as a result of which the feeding area per seed is uneven in area of sieving. Seeds and fertilizers are applied at the same level, therefore, when seeds germinate, their access to fertilizers will be difficult. The separation of the plane-cutting paws into left-hand and right-hand complicates the design, increases its material consumption, leads to lateral forces and opener vibrations, resulting in a decrease in the uniformity of distribution over the sieving area. To ensure uniform seed germination, it is important to ensure that the seed is embedded at a constant depth, which is not observed due to opener fluctuations at a large distance between the heel-former of the groove for tuks and the heel-former of the groove for seeds.

Known combination coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing on an untreated background, including a stand with a holder, chisel, seed tube and fertilizer conduit with an expander, moreover, the chisel is made in the form of a wedge, while the expander for fertilizing has the form of two wedges (RU, patent for useful Model No. 130780 U1, IPC А01С 7/20, publ. 08/10/2013, bull. No. 22).

The disadvantages of this combined coulter include the introduction of only the main dose of fertilizer, without making a starting dose of fertilizer, due to the lack of a flow divider. Fertilizers are not applied directly under the seeds, making access to nutrients difficult. The described chisel opener does not cut weeds, while the chisel opener is not able to provide seed sowing in a rowless manner, which provokes the growth of weeds in un sown strips.

Known opener for multi-level seeding of seeds and fertilizers, including a paw, a wedge-shaped stand, channels for feeding fertilizers and seeds, and the outer contour of the paw in the horizontal plane is an isosceles triangle, on the lower side of the paw there is a seal, which is a downwardly truncated triangular pyramid, the outer the base of which is also an isosceles triangle, and on the toe of the paw in the direction of its movement there is a hollow diamond-shaped knife, deviated down from the mountain they saw, and the cutting edge of the knife is sickle-shaped, the inner cavity of the knife is connected to the channel for feeding fertilizers, and the lower end part of the knife is beveled upwards from the horizontal plane (RU, utility model patent No. 161602 U1, IPC АСС 7/20, publ. 27.04. 2016, Bulletin No. 12).

The disadvantages of this coulter include the execution of a diamond-shaped knife directed along the direction of movement of the coulter, which increases the speed of the fertilizer granules at the time of laying them in the furrow, which leads to the rebound of the granules from the bottom of the furrow. Fertilizers fit in one line, which reduces their uniform distribution over the sieving area. In addition, sowing is not carried out over the entire width of the paw, but only in one line, which reduces the uniform distribution of seeds over the sieving area. All this leads to a decrease in field germination and crop yields.

Of the closest known by technical nature (prototype) is a combined opener containing a lancet paw, a fertilizer rack, a wedge and a seed tube, and a sole is fixed in the sublap space of the lancet paw, while in the sole there are three identical through vertical holes in the form of straight trihedral prisms, wherein the first through vertical hole having the shape of a straight trihedral prism is located in the middle of the sole, the second through vertical hole having the shape of a straight tre prism, displaced to the right of the middle of the lancet paw, and the third through vertical hole, in the form of a straight trihedral prism, is displaced to the left of the middle of the lancet paw, while one of the edges of each of the three straight trihedral prisms made in the sole is located in longitudinally vertical planes passing through straight trihedral prisms parallel to the longitudinally vertical plane of symmetry of the opener, while in three identical through vertical holes having the shape of straight trihedral prisms, in the sole, hollow wedges of identical shape are installed, while the free ends of the hollow wedges of identical shape are set 3 ... 5 cm below the sole surface, while the hollow wedges of identical shape have two working surfaces converging at an angle of 22 ... 25 °, and the ribs at the vertex of the angle of the identical shape of hollow wedges coincide with the ribs of straight trihedral prisms located in the longitudinally vertical planes passing through straight trihedral prisms parallel to the longitudinally vertical symmetry of the coulter, with the occipital angle of hollow wedges of identical shape equal to 8 ... 10 °, and a funnel-guide made in the form of an inverted truncated cone installed in the pipe stand, the angle of inclination to the horizon of the conical part of the funnel is greater than the angle of repose of the fertilizers, the cross-sectional area of the lower base of the funnel-guide, made in the form of an inverted truncated cone, is smaller than the square of the cross-section of the strut-duct, and to the lower base of the funnel-guide connected in the form of an inverted truncated cone, a bead flow divider is attached, while the bead stream divider is divided by jumpers into three equal sectors, and three equal sectors of the bead stream divider are connected by supply channels with three identical through vertical holes in the sole having the form of straight trihedral prisms, this feed channels to the second and third identical through vertical holes are installed at an angle greater than the angle of repose of fertilizers (RU, patent for invention No. 2538402 C1, M PC A01C 7/20, publ. 01/10/2015, bull. No. 1).

The disadvantages of the combined opener include high traction resistance during operation, due to the lack of structural elements that reduce it. The implementation of hollow wedges vertical, without tilting in the longitudinally vertical plane of the opener, increases their traction resistance and wear. The work-pipe rack creates high traction resistance during operation and is enveloped by plant residues, since it does not have on the front surface of the knife or other means to eliminate these shortcomings. Since the preferred cross-section of the pipe-stand pipe is a square or rectangle, due to the simplicity and convenience of attachment to the seeder frame, the implementation of the guide funnel in the form of an inverted truncated cone is irrational, due to the incomplete use of the guide tube interior space by the guide funnel, which the queue leads to an underestimation of the bore sections of the funnel-guide and clogging the divider of the flow of fertilizers with fertilizer granules. In this case, the uniformity of the supply and distribution of fertilizers over the sifting area is violated, which reduces the yield of the crop. All these shortcomings adversely affect the cost of production.

The claimed technical solution is aimed at eliminating the above drawbacks, and when using it, the following result was obtained: simplification of the design of fastening the combined coulter to the seeder frame and a comprehensive decrease in its traction resistance during operation, distribution of the starting dose of fertilizers with seeds uniformly in depth and sowing area to even and compacted bed, the formation of a uniform flow of the main dose of fertilizer and its exact division into three equal parts, the introduction of the main dose of fertilizer to a given Loubinoux ensuring the necessary soil layer between the seed and fertilizer. All this improves the quality of sowing seeds, increases crop yields and reduces the cost of production.

The specified technical result is achieved through the use of a combined opener containing a lancet paw, a rack-tube, identical hollow wedges and vas deferens, the sole of a lancet paw, a funnel-guide, a splitter of the flow of fertilizers with jumpers, feed channels and a distributor of seeds, and the rack-tube of a lancet paw has a rectangular cross-section, with a knife installed on the front surface of the fertilizer rack, a height equal to more than the depth of seed placement, while the angle at the top of the knife is 60-65 °, while the lower part of the knife smoothly passes to the surface of the lancet paw, while the ribs at the apex of the angle of identical hollow wedges are tilted back, relative to the direction of movement of the combined opener, by an angle of 10 ... 12 °, while the funnel-guide is made in the form of an inverted truncated quadrangular pyramid, while the upper part of the funnel-guide coincides with the internal cross-sectional size of the strut-flow pipe, while the fertilizer flow divider, made in the form of rectangular pairs, is connected to the lower part of the funnel-guide llelepiped, in this case, the bead flow divider is divided by two jumpers into three equal parts, while at the bottom of the bead flow divider three exit holes are formed, while the jumpers in the upper part of the bead flow divider go into the lower part of the guide funnel, equal to 1 / 2 heights of the funnel-guide, while the jumpers in the lower part of the funnel-guide are inclined, relative to the vertical plane of symmetry, towards the side walls of the funnel-guide, at an angle not less than the angle of repose of the fertilizers, the upper parts of the supply channels are connected to the three output openings of the fat flow divider, while the lower parts of the supply channels are connected to the holes of the trihedral prisms of the sole. Description of drawings

In FIG. 1 shows schemes of a combined opener - side view and section AA

In FIG. 2 shows a section B-B of a combined opener

In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the distribution system of the main dose of fertilizer

A combined opener containing a lancet paw 1, a stub pipe 2, identical hollow wedges 3 and a seed tube 4, a sole 5 of a lancet paw 1, a funnel-guide 6, a flow divider 7 with jumpers 8, supply channels 9 and a seed distributor 10. Rack - the piping 2 of the lancet paw 1 has a rectangular cross-section, while the smaller side of the rectangular cross-section of the strut-piping 2 is directed forward along the direction of the combined coulter, while a knife 11 is installed on the front surface of the strut-piping 2 with a height equal to its seed placement depth, the angle α at the top of the knife 11 is 60-65 °, while the lower part of the knife 11 smoothly goes to the surface of the lancet paw 1. The ribs at the apex of the angle of identical hollow wedges 3 are tilted back relative to the direction of movement of the combined opener by angle β equal to 10 ... 12 °. The funnel-guide 6 is made in the form of an inverted truncated quadrangular pyramid. The upper part of the funnel-guide 6 coincides with the internal cross-sectional size of the strut-flow pipe 2, while the divider of the flow of beads 7, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, is attached to the lower part of the funnel-guide 6. The bead flow divider 7 is divided by two jumpers 8 into three equal parts, while at the bottom of the bead flow divider 7 three outlet openings 12 are formed, while the planes of the webs 8 are parallel to the vertical plane of symmetry of the combined coulter, with the jumper 8 in the upper part of the beams flow divider 7 extended upwards and go into the lower part of the funnel-guide 6, an amount equal to 1/2 the height of the funnel-guide 6, while the jumpers 8 in the lower part of the funnel-guide 6 are inclined relative to the vertical plane ii, toward the side walls of the guide-funnel 6, an angle of not less than the angle of repose of fertilizers. The upper parts of the supply channels 9 are connected to the three output openings 12 of the beams flow divider 7, while the lower parts of the supply channels 9 are connected to the holes 13 of the trihedral prisms of the sole 5.

Combined opener works as follows. During the operation of the combined opener, the lancet paw 1 mounted on the fertilizer rack 2 is buried in the soil at a predetermined seed placement depth, starting and main dose of fertilizers. To simplify the design of fastening the combined coulter to the seeder frame and reduce its traction resistance, the fertilizer rack 2 of the lancet foot 1 has a rectangular cross section, while the smaller side of the rectangular section of the couplings rack 2 is directed forward along the direction of the combined coulter, while on the front surface of the rack of pipe 2, a knife 11 is installed, with a height equal to more than the depth of seed placement, while the angle α at the top of the knife 11 is 60-65 °, while the lower part of the knife 11 smoothly passes to the shooter surface 1 st leg.

In this case, the starting dose of fertilizers with seeds through the vas deferens 4 fall on the seed distributor 10 and are evenly distributed along the depth and area of sieving on a flat and compacted bed formed by the sole 5 of the lancet paw 1, due to the deviation of the ribs of the identical hollow wedges 3 back, relative to the direction of movement of the combined opener at an angle β equal to 10 ... 12 °, while the traction of the combined opener is also reduced.

In this case, the main dose of fertilizer enters through the fertilizer guide 2 to the guide funnel 6. To form a uniform flow of the main fertilizer dose, the guide funnel 6 is made in the form of an inverted truncated quadrangular pyramid, while the upper part of the guide funnel 6 coincides with the internal size of the cross-section of the rack piping 2. The formed flow of the main dose of fertilizer enters the fertilizer flow divider 7. For accurate separation of the flow of the main dose of fertilizer in the fertilizer flow divider 7, into three equal parts, to the bottom On the part of the guide funnel 6, a bead flow divider 7 is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, while the bead flow divider 7 is divided by two jumpers 8 into three equal parts, while at the bottom of the bead flow divider 7 three exit openings 12 are formed, while the plane jumpers 8 are parallel to the vertical plane of symmetry of the combined opener, while jumpers 8 in the upper part of the flow divider 7 are extended upwards and go into the lower part of the guide funnel 6, equal to 1/2 the height of the funnel-n guide 6, while the jumpers 8 in the lower part of the funnel-guide 6 are inclined, relative to the vertical plane of symmetry, towards the side walls of the funnel-guide 6, at an angle not less than the angle of repose of the fertilizers.

Divided into three equal parts by the divider of the flow of fertilizers 7, the flow of the main dose of fertilizer enters the supply channels 9, the upper parts of which are connected to the three output openings 12 of the divider of the flow of fertilizers 7, while the lower parts of the supply channels 9 are connected to the holes 13 of the trihedral prisms of the sole 5 Three equal parts of the main dose of fertilizers enter three identical hollow wedges 3 and are distributed to a predetermined depth, while there is a soil layer between the fertilizers of the main dose and the starting dose with seeds.

Thus, the claimed combined coulter provides a decrease in traction resistance during its operation, a uniform distribution in depth and area of sieving of the main dose of fertilizers and seeds with a starting dose of fertilizers on a flat and compacted bed, which will lead to increased crop yields and lower costs for their production .

Claims (1)

Combined coulter containing lancet paw, fertilizer stand, identical hollow wedges and vas deferens, lancet foot sole, funnel-guide, fertilizer flow divider with jumpers, inlet channels and seed distributor, characterized in that the lancet push-pull conduit has a rectangular cross-section, the smaller side of the rectangular cross-section of the strut-piping is directed forward in the direction of movement of the combined opener, while a knife with a height equal to more than the depth of seed placement, while the angle at the top of the knife is 60-65 °, while the lower part of the knife smoothly goes to the surface of the lancet paw, while the ribs at the top of the angle of identical hollow wedges are tilted back relative to the direction of movement of the combined opener at an angle of 10 ... 12 °, while the funnel-guide is made in the form of an inverted truncated quadrangular pyramid, while the upper part of the funnel-guide coincides with the internal size of the cross-section of the strut-pipe line, while to the lower part of the funnel-guide a bead flow divider in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped is attached, while the bead flow divider is divided by two jumpers into three equal parts, while at the bottom of the bead flow divider three exit openings are formed, while the jumper planes are parallel to the vertical plane of symmetry of the combined opener, while jumpers in the upper part of the fertilizer flow divider are extended upwards and go into the lower part of the guide funnel by an amount equal to 1/2 the height of the guide funnel, while jumpers in the bottom parts of the guide funnel are inclined relative to the vertical plane of symmetry towards the side walls of the guide funnel at an angle not less than the angle of repose of the fertilizers, while the upper parts of the feed channels are connected to the three output openings of the fertilizer flow divider, while the lower parts of the feed channels are connected to the holes trihedral prisms of the sole.

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