RU215941U1 - Combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering. A combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization is claimed, including a rack, on the front side of which the tip is fixed with a hard-alloy plate, on the back side of the rack there is a receiver-distributor housing containing a fertilizer and seed pipes, between which a plate is installed, and a diffuser is installed under the seed pipe , shares are fixed on the sides of the rack. A fertilizer duct and a seed duct, respectively, are attached to the fertilizer and seed pipes, while the upper parts of the fertilizer duct and the seed duct are fixed to the corresponding pipes of a double funnel containing a partition dividing the funnel into cavities for seeds and fertilizers. The diffuser is fixed at the bottom of the plate, under the seed tube. Preferably, from the front end side of the shares, cheeks are fixed to the rack, tapering towards the tip, made of steel 65G coated with powder PR-NH17SR4, the shares are made of steel 65G coated with powder PR-NH17SR4, the outlet part of the fertilizer pipe is located below the seed scatterer, the angle between the bearing surface of the tip and the bearing surface of the rack is 9-13°, the angle of inclination of the plate with the diffuser to the seed nozzle is 5-7°, the body of the receiver-distributor contains a shield fixed under the diffuser, the angle of attack of the shares in the direction of travel is 0-2 °, the diffuser on the back of the housing is closed with a cover plate. The technical result of the proposed solution is the efficiency of sowing.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for sowing seeds and applying fertilizers.

The prior art combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization, including a stand with a chisel in the form of a wedge, a seed guide, a fertilizer duct, mounting plates and a sealing plate. Behind the coulter stand, a seeded material receiver-distributor is rigidly fixed, which is a rigid structure in the form of a metal box, inside which one longitudinal and three transverse mounting plates are rigidly fixed for rigid fixation of the fertilizer line and seed guide with a seed distributor and a reflective plate. The wedge of the chisel is a plate made of carbide metal, and the lower part of the stand is made with a ledge. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 192762, published on 09/30/2019.

From the prior art, a solution is known that is chosen as the closest analogue, which is a coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing, including a stand with a chisel in the form of a wedge, behind which the receiver-distributor of the seeded material is rigidly fixed, inside which one longitudinal and one transverse fastening are rigidly fixed. plates for rigid fixation of the fertilizer guide and the seed guide. The coulter includes a soil compacting plate and a reflective plate. The chisel is made overhead, repeating the radius of the post in shape, and is detachably fixed from the inner side of the post, in its lower part. In the lower part of the receiver-distributor, under the fertilizer guide and the seed guide, two soil compaction plates are rigidly fixed, while two pitched plates are attached to the side walls of the receiver-distributor, and a reflective plate is attached to the rear wall of the receiver-distributor by means of a bolted connection. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 204018, published on 05/04/2021.

The technical result of the proposed solution is the efficiency of sowing.

The efficiency of sowing is determined, in particular, by the maximum germination of seeds and the quality of germinated plants, and is achieved, in particular, by creating comfortable conditions for growing seeds; the maximum supply of fertilizers and seeds from the sowing unit and the fertilizer storage tank of the seeder, directly to the appropriate beds, without their loss in the process of their arrival to the housing; lack of contact of fertilizers with seeds, excluding chemical burn of seeds by fertilizers; correct distribution of seeds in a given ratio with the supplied fertilizer; timely closing of the sown material; reducing the resistance of the coulter, excluding the braking of the seeder and, as a result, violating the uniform distribution of seeds along the length of the furrow.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization includes a rack, on the front side of which a tip is fixed, to the front of which a hard-alloy plate is attached, on the back side of the rack there is a housing of the receiver-distributor containing a fertilizer pipe and a seed tube, between which a plate is installed, and a diffuser is installed under the seed tube, plowshares are fixed on the sides of the rack, while a fertilizer line and a seed tube are attached to the fertilizer and seed tubes, respectively, while the upper parts of the fertilizer line and the seed tube are fixed with the corresponding nozzles of the double funnel, containing a partition separating the funnel into cavities for seeds and fertilizers.

Due to the fact that the fertilizer and seed pipes of the rack body through the fertilizer line and the seed line, respectively, the upper part are connected to the corresponding pipes of a double funnel containing a partition separating the funnel into cavities for seeds and fertilizers, it is possible to increase the efficiency of sowing, due to the simultaneous separate application of seeds and fertilizers at different levels, into the fertilizer and seed beds. At the same time, fertilizers are applied below the level of seeds by three to five centimeters, which eliminates the chemical burn of seeds with fertilizers, and promotes the development of the root system in the nutrient layer of the soil. The claimed design is also simple, since there are no sharp changes in the cross section and changes in the movement vector of the seeded material along the path of the seeded material from the hopper to the soil, which could contribute to the deterioration of the supply of substances, their uneven distribution in the soil, and, as a result, the deterioration of seeding efficiency . Uneven distribution of fertilizers and seeds in the soil can also lead to insufficient fertilizer for one number of seeds planted, and too much fertilizer for another number of seeds, which generally negatively affects yields. Thus, the claimed design of the double funnel coulter allows, without the risk of mixing fertilizer and seeds, to simplify the design of the seeder, increase its efficiency and increase yields.

The housing of the receiver-distributor, installed on the rear side of the rack, containing the fertilizer pipe and the seed pipe, is necessary for receiving, respectively, fertilizer and seeds from the funnel through the fertilizer pipe and the seed pipe and feeding them into the soil.

The diffuser ensures the distribution of seeds across the entire width of the seed bed, ensuring their maximum germination. Preferably, the diffuser is fixed in the lower part of the plate, under the seed tube, at an angle of 5-7° to its axis. This design additionally provides seeding efficiency and maximum germination due to a more even distribution of the number of seeds relative to the applied fertilizer, allows more efficient seed dispersion across the entire coulter width, provides the most correct reflection of the seeds from the diffuser attached to it to the required length and width and immersion them in the appropriate bed to ensure optimal density of germinating plants, increasing the efficiency of the crop.

When the diffuser is attached at an angle of less than 5° to its axis, the seeds may fall past the diffuser and will not be distributed across the entire width of the seed bed. If the diffuser is attached at an angle of more than 7° to its axis, the seed tube may become clogged with seeds.

The lining, installed on the rear side of the rack housing by means of threaded fasteners, covering the diffuser, ensures uniform distribution of seeds across the entire width of the seed bed, prevents the release of seeds from the seed bed to the soil surface and, therefore, increases seed germination.

The tip, attached to the front of the stand, is necessary for the formation of a fertilizer bed that provides seed nutrition and plant growth. In addition, the tip, with hard-alloy plates fixed on it, allows to reduce the traction resistance of the coulter, which increases the efficiency of the seeder and ensures its durability. The carbide blades also ensure that the soil layers are precisely cut, forming a furrow of the desired depth and width, which also ensures efficient fertilization. Preferably, the bearing surface of the tip is located below the level of the outlet of the fertilizer nozzle, which will allow the height separation of the seed bed and the fertilizer bed, further reducing the risk of seed scorching. More preferably, the bearing surface of the narial is located below the level of the fertilizer bed shield by five centimeters. Such a distance will ensure sufficient enrichment of the seeds with the necessary active substances of fertilizers without damaging them.

On the sides of the body, by means of threaded fasteners with a countersunk head, plowshares are attached, which are necessary for loosening the soil with cutting weeds, timely filling the seeds with soil, compacting the bottom of the seed bed, destroying capillaries, thereby preventing soil moisture loss, which provides a comfortable environment for germination. seeds. From the front end side of the shares on the rack, cheeks are fixed, preferably tapering towards the tip, excluding clogging of the body and shares with plant residues, which can lead to incomplete sowing of the seed furrow. In addition, the presence of cheeks provides an increase in the efficiency of the seeder by reducing the frontal resistance of the coulter in the soil, and, consequently, reducing energy consumption for the movement of the seeder. Preferably, the shares and/or cheeks are made of steel 65G with powder coating PR-NH17SR4. This material has sufficient strength characteristics to perform their functions, and at the same time, a relatively low weight, which reduces the load on the coulter, and, as a result, increases the efficiency of the seeder by reducing its energy consumption and, consequently, increasing yields.

The fertilizer bed shield, installed under the diffuser, makes it possible to ensure that the fertilizer bed, with fertilizer added to it, is covered with a layer of soil, and the seeds are reflected from it. This design ensures that the fertilizer is isolated from the seeds in the soil to avoid seed burns that adversely affect yields.

Preferably, the angle between the bearing surface of the nosepiece and the bearing surface of the post is 9-13°. This angle is ideal for providing smooth running of the coulter by reducing the resistance from the cut soil and, at the same time, the accuracy of inserting the tip to the required depth, which additionally reduces the load on the coulter and, as a result, increases the efficiency of the seeder, and also contributes to the creation of a comfortable environment for seed germination by creating a furrow with the required depth and compacted even walls; extends the life of the body and rack, by reducing the area of contact with the soil. When the angle between the bearing surface of the tip and the bearing surface of the rack is less than 9°, the indentation at a given depth may stop entering the fertilizer bed prepared by the tip, and the fertilizer pipe may also clog, which generally reduces the wear of the rack. If the angle between the bearing surface of the tip and the bearing surface of the rack is more than 13°, the fertilizer nozzle may also become clogged.

Preferably, the angle of attack of the shares in the direction of travel is 0-2°. Also, preferably, the angle of attack of the shares in the plan is 0-2°d. This design additionally reduces the frontal resistance of the opener and, at the same time, allows the most qualitative loosening of the soil, which also improves the conditions for planting and growing seeds. With a design with an angle of attack of the shares in the direction of travel or in terms of less than 0° and more than 2°°, the efficiency of cutting weeds is reduced, the nozzles for seeds and fertilizers can become clogged with earth, which can lead to a cessation of sowing with subsequent destruction of the field background.

Preferably, the tip is attached to the post from the outside by means of threaded fasteners. This design makes it easy to dismantle the tip for its replacement, in case of wear, or cleaning of stuck plants, to restore the coulter to working condition, ensuring the efficiency of the seeder and sowing seeds.

Preferably, the fertilizer tube and the seed tube are attached to the fertilizer and seed tubes by means of worm-drive clamps. Preferably, the upper parts of the fertilizer tube and the seed tube are fixed to the respective nozzles of the double funnel by means of worm-drive clamps. This design increases the reliability of the connection of structural elements that provide a continuous flow of seeds and fertilizers, without the risk of their inadvertent separation during operation under the influence of a load, which can lead to the loss of seeds and fertilizers from the feed streams.

The claimed technical solution is further explained with the help of figures, which conditionally represent one of the possible variants of the combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the coulter from the front.

In FIG. 2 shows a general view of the coulter from the back.

In FIG. 3 shows a side view of the opener in section.

In FIG. 4 shows a fragment of the coulter (without a double funnel) from the side.

In FIG. 5 shows a fragment of the coulter (without a double funnel) from the front.

In FIG. 6 shows a general view of a double funnel.

In FIG. 7 is a sectional side view of a double funnel.

Figures 1-7 show the design of the claimed technical solution, the following elements are marked with numbers:

- rack (1);

- naralnik (2);

- fertilizer pipe (3);

- seed tube (4);

- plate (5);

- diffuser (6);

- ploughshare (7);

- carbide plate (8) of the tip (2);

- cheek (9);

- shield of the fertilizer bed (10);

- double funnel (11);

- seed tube (12) of double funnel (11);

- fertilizer pipe (13) of double funnel (11);

- a partition (14) of a double funnel (11);

- cavity (15) for seeds;

- a cavity (16) for fertilizers of a double funnel (11);

- fertilizer line (17);

- seed tube (18);

- clamp (19) worm;

- lining (20).

Further, with reference to the figures, a preferred embodiment of the design of the combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization is described.

The combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization includes a post (1), on the front side of which a tip (2) is attached, preferably by means of threaded fasteners. On the rear side of the rack (1) there is a housing containing a fertilizer pipe (3) and a seed pipe (4), between which a plate (5) is installed, and a diffuser (6) under the seed pipe.

On the sides of the rack (1), preferably by means of threaded fasteners with a countersunk head, shares (7) are attached to the body, which can be made of steel 65G with powder coating PR-NH17SR4, and hard-alloy plates are attached to the front of the earpiece (2) (8).

A fertilizer line (17) is put on the fertilizer pipe (3) by means of a worm-drive clamp (19), a seed pipe (18) is dressed on the seed pipe (4), preferably by means of a worm-wheel clamp (19), in the upper part the fertilizer pipe (17) and the seed pipe (18) are dressed respectively on the fertilizer pipe (13) connected to the fertilizer cavity (16) and the seed pipe (12) connected to the seed cavity (15) of the double funnel (11) containing a partition (14) separating the funnel (11) into cavities for seeds (15) and fertilizers (16).

Preferably, the diffuser (6) is fixed at the bottom of the plate (5), under the seed tube (4).

Preferably, from the front end side of the shares (7) on the rack (1) cheeks (9) are fixed, tapering towards the tip (2). Cheeks (9) can also be made of steel 65G with powder coating PR-NH17SR4.

Preferably, the bearing surface of the tip (2) is located below the level of the outlet part of the fertilizer pipe (4). Preferably, the outlet of the fertilizer pipe (3) is located below the seed scatterer (6).

In the preferred embodiment: the angle α between the bearing surface of the earpiece (2) and the bearing surface of the rack (1) is 9-13°, the angle β of the plate (5) to the seed tube (4) is 5-7°, the angle of attack γ of the shares ( 7) in the direction of travel is 0-2°, the angle δ of the shares (7) in the plan is 0-2°.

Preferably, the housing of the receiver-distributor contains a shield (10) of the fertilizer bed, fixed under the diffuser (6) to prevent seeds from entering the fertilizer bed.

the body of the receiver-distributor contains a fertilizer bed shield to prevent seeds from getting into the fertilizer bed, fixed under the diffuser

Combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization works as follows.

Under the weight of the seeder, the coulter is deepened into the soil. Interacting with the soil, the tip (2) makes a vertical section of the soil layer, forming a fertilizer bed. Through the fertilizer pipe (3), through the fertilizer line (17), from the cavity (16) for fertilizers of the double funnel (11), through the fertilizer pipe (13), fertilizers are fed in full to the bottom of the groove formed by the tip (2) with carbide plates (8). When the coulter moves, the fertilizer bed shield (10) fills the fertilizer with soil to prevent contact between seeds and fertilizers and at the same time forms a bed for the seeds coming, also, in full, from the cavity (15) of the double funnel (11) the sowing pipe (12) of the funnel (11) through the seed tube (18) and the seed pipe (4), they fall on the diffuser (6), from where they are scattered into the arch under the shares (7) for the entire width of the coulter. Ploughshares (7), in turn, loosen the soil, cut weeds and crop residues, compact the bottom of the seed bed, destroying capillaries, preventing soil moisture loss, and cover the seeds with soil in a timely manner. The central part of the flow of seeds that did not fall into the arch under the shares (7) is held by the overlay (20) in the central part of the seed bed formed by the fertilizer bed shield (10).

The claimed coulter can be used as a working body in the design of the seeder, in particular, such as SKP-2.1.

The presented figures, description of the design and use of the combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization do not exhaust the possible options and do not limit in any way the scope of the proposed technical solution. Other versions are possible within the scope of the claimed formula.

Claims (16)

1. A combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing, including a rack, on the front side of which a narial is fixed, to the front of which a hard-alloy plate is attached, on the back side of the rack there is a housing of the receiver-distributor containing a fertilizer pipe and a seed pipe, between which is installed plate, and a diffuser is installed under the seed tube, plowshares are fixed on the sides of the rack, characterized in that a fertilizer duct and a seed duct are attached to the fertilizer and seed ducts, respectively, while the upper parts of the fertilizer duct and the seed duct are fixed with the corresponding nozzles of a double funnel containing a partition separating the funnel on the cavity for seeds and fertilizers. 2. Combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that the diffuser is fixed in the lower part of the plate, under the seed nozzle. 3. A combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing according to claim 1, characterized in that from the front end side of the shares, cheeks are fixed to the rack, tapering towards the tip. 4. Combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization according to claim 3, characterized in that the cheeks of the shares are made of steel 65G with powder coating PR-NH17SR4. 5. Combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing according to claim 1, characterized in that the shares are made of steel 65G with powder coating PR-NH17SR4. 6. Combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet part of the fertilizer pipe is located below the seed scatterer. 7. Combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the bearing surface of the narial and the bearing surface of the rack is 9-13°. 8. Combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the plate with the diffuser to the seed nozzle is 5-7°. 9. Combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing according to claim 1, characterized in that the body of the receiver-distributor contains a fertilizer bed shield to prevent seeds from getting into the fertilizer bed, fixed under the diffuser. 10. Combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of attack of the shares in the direction of travel is 0-2 °. 11. Combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip is attached to the post by means of threaded fasteners. 12. Combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer cavity of the double funnel is connected by a fertilizer duct to the fertilizer pipe of the rack housing. 13. Combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity for the seeds of the double funnel is connected by a seed tube to the seed tube of the rack body. 14. Combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing according to claim 1, characterized in that the diffuser on the back of the housing is closed with an overlay. 15. Combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer tube and the seed tube are attached to the fertilizer and seed pipes by means of worm clamps. 16. Combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper parts of the fertilizer line and the seed line are fixed to the corresponding nozzles of the double funnel by means of worm clamps.

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