RU192762U1 - COMBINED COWLER FOR DIFFERENT SEEDING AND FERTILIZER SEEDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for sowing and fertilizing. The combined opener for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing includes a stand (1) with a wedge-shaped chisel, a carbide metal plate (2) is installed in front of the chisel, and the lower part of the stand is made with a ledge (3). A receiver-distributor (4) of the sowing material is rigidly fixed behind the rack, which is a rigid structure in the form of a metal box, inside of which one longitudinal (5) and three transverse mounting plates (6, 7, 12) are rigidly fixed for rigid fixation of the seed guide (8 ) with a seed distributor (9) and a reflective plate (10), as well as a fertilizer duct (11). The fixing plate (12) still performs the function of sealing, it covers the fertilizer with soil, which excludes contact between fertilizers and seeds. Removable cultivator blades (13) are attached to the side walls of the box, and a removable plate (14), which regulates the flow of sowing material, is attached to the rear wall. The use of the coulter with cultivating blades will combine four technological operations in one pass of the sowing unit: loosening the soil, cutting weeds, sowing and introducing a starting dose of mineral fertilizers. Due to the implementation of different depth fertilizing and sowing seeds, the efficiency of fertilizer use is increased, which ensures increased germination and increased crop yields. The coulter design provides the possibility of sowing grain without fertilizing.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to the technique of sowing agricultural crops with combined openers for use on universal grain fertilizer seeders.

Known combined coulter, (A.S. No. 1797772 MPK А01С 7/20, 02/28/1993 B. No. 8), which contains a working body in the form of a bed forger attached to the bow of the paw, seed tube, seed reflector, flat-cutting paw, and the guide is installed behind the seed guide.

The disadvantage of this design is that this opener during operation does not exclude contact between the seeds and fertilizers, which leads to chemical burns of the seeds and their death, and a decrease in yield.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed technical solution is “Combined opener for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing”, (patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 183148 IPC АСС 7/20, September 12, 2018 B. No. 26).

The proposed combination coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing includes a stand with a wedge-shaped chisel, a piping with a sealing plate, two seed guides rigidly fixed between expanders and mounting plates, seed guides installed with an inclined forward direction in the direction of movement of the coulter.

The disadvantage of this coulter is not the ability to perform direct sowing on an untreated background, not a high enough yield.

The technical result of the proposed utility model of a combined opener for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing is the ability to perform direct sowing on an untreated background, increasing the yield of crops due to the uniform distribution of seeds over the area of sowing and fertilizing.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the combined opener for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing includes a stand with a chisel in the form of a plate made of carbide metal in the form of a wedge, and the lower part of the stand is made with a ledge, the receiver-distributor of the sowing material is rigidly attached to the stand, which is a rigid structure in the form of a metal box inside, with which one longitudinal and three transverse mounting plates are rigidly fixed for rigid fixation of the seed guide with redelitelem seeds and the reflection plate, and tukoprovoda, the side walls of the distributor-mounted receiver for cultivators removable blade, and the back wall - a removable plate, which regulates the flow of seed material.

The technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where in: FIG. 1 shows a general view of the opener; FIG. 2 shows a section through a coulter and a distributor of seed; FIG. 3. The scheme of strip sowing and placement of fertilizers by the opener is shown; FIG. 4. The scheme of two-line sowing and placement of fertilizers by the opener is shown.

The proposed combination opener for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing, according to FIG. 1, 2, 3. 4 is a prefabricated structure including: a stand (1) with a wedge-shaped bit, a carbide metal plate (2) is installed in front of the bit, the bottom of the stand is made with a step (3), a distribution receiver ( 4) the seed is firmly attached to the rack. The distributor-receiver (4) of the sowing material is a rigid structure in the form of a metal box inside which one longitudinal (5) and three transverse mounting plates (6, 7, 12) are rigidly fixed for rigid fixation of the seed guide (8) with the seed distributor (9 ) and the reflecting plate (10) and the piping (11), the fixing plate (12) also serves as a sealing, it covers the fertilizer with soil, which excludes contact between fertilizers and seeds, removable cultivating blades are attached to the side walls of the box (1 3), and to the back wall there is a removable plate (14) that regulates the flow of the seed.

The technological process of sowing seeds and fertilizing with the developed combined coulter for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizing is carried out as follows: when the stand is moving (1) with a wedge-shaped chisel in the front part, which a plate (2) of carbide metal forms a furrow to a predetermined depth . At the same time, cultivating blades (13) located on both sides of the box of the receiving-distributor (4) of the sowing material cut weeds and loosen the upper soil layer. Fertilizer enters the soil to the bottom of the furrow formed by the stand ledge (3) into the soil (11). With further movement, the sealing (fixing) plate (12) covers the fertilizer with a layer of compacted soil, which excludes contact between fertilizers and seeds. Seeds through the seed guide (8) and the distributor (9), enter the reflective plate (10) and, depending on the presence of the removable plate (14), the movement of the seed flow forms a strip or two line method of sowing.

Other examples of the implementation of the declared opener are possible. In particular, it can carry out direct and mulched seeding on an untreated background without cultivating blades. The use of a combined opener with cultivating blades allows you to combine four technological operations in one pass of the sowing unit: loosening the soil, cutting weeds, sowing and introducing a starting dose of mineral fertilizers.

Moreover, fertilizers are applied deeper than seeds, which excludes contact of fertilizers with seeds and chemical burn of seeds from the action of fertilizers. This placement of fertilizers relative to sowing seeds provides an increase in germination, promotes the active development of the root system during their growing season, and increases crop yields.

The coulter design provides the possibility of sowing grain without fertilizing.

In addition, the combined coulter can be used in the formation of multicomponent feed agrocenoses due to the simultaneous sowing of two crops to a depth determined by agrotechnical requirements. The agrotechnical result is an increase in yield and an increase in the quality of feed.

Claims (2)

1. Combined coulter for sowing seeds and fertilizing at different levels, including a stand with a wedge-shaped chisel, seed guide, piping, mounting plates, a sealing plate, characterized in that the receiver-distributor of the sowing material is rigidly fixed to the stand, which is a rigid structure in the form metal box, inside of which one longitudinal and three transverse mounting plates are rigidly fixed for rigid fixation of the piping and seed guide with a seed distributor and a reflector a wedge plate, and the wedge of the bit is a plate made of hard alloy metal, and the lower part of the rack is made with a ledge. 2. The combined opener according to claim 1, characterized in that removable cultivating blades are fixed to the side walls of the box, and a removable plate for adjusting the flow of the seed is fixed to the rear wall.

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