RU50364U1 - WORKING BODY OF THE SEEDER OF GRAIN-BODY STUBBLE (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to a stubble seeder for applying seed and fertilizers to the soil - fertilizer after the previous harvest, in the presence of stubble and a layer of chopped straw on the soil surface. The working body of the grain-stubble seeder contains a sequentially mounted cultivator with a stand and a coulter with a tubular stand located above the cultivator, a pipe with a rotary elbow for installing a duct, attached to the rear wall of the cultivator strut. In this case, the cultivator can be made chisel-like, or according to the second variant, the cultivator is arrow-shaped, at the same time with a knife inclined at an angle of 5 ... 10 ° to the horizontal plane. The cutting surface of the cultivator is made in the form of a flat concave guide. The ripper stand is also flat in the direction of travel and has a concave guide. A lancet paw is attached to the lower part of the tubular opener, the angle of the solution is directed to the direction of movement, while a plate is attached to the bottom of the lancet paw, the surface of which together with the lower surface of the lancet paw forms a slit-like cavity. A seed distributor is installed in the cavity. The tubular opener in the direction of travel also has a flat concave guide and is mounted on the cultivator strut with the possibility of stepwise height adjustment. According to the third and fourth option, a seed diffuser is installed in the tube rack of the coulter. The proposed worker can be used for sowing a variety of crops in grain seeders, which provide for the separate application of seed material and fertilizers, without preliminary tillage and in cases where, in addition to the stubble layer, the soil is covered with a layer of crushed straw remaining on the stubble after the previous harvest, as well as on soils with significant contamination.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to a stubble seeder for applying seed and fertilizers to the soil - fertilizer after the previous harvest, in the presence of stubble and a layer of chopped straw on the soil surface.

Known working body of the seeder-cultivator of grain stubble stubble SZS-2,1, containing tube coulters with two interchangeable bodies: lancet cultivator paws and chisel-shaped tips (see the book Voronov Yu.I., Kovalev V.N., Ustinov A.N. , Agricultural Machines. M., Higher School, 1982, p. 135).

The working body of this seeder provides sowing along the stubble with simultaneous cultivation, introduction into the rows of granular fertilizers along with the seed.

The disadvantage of this working body is that it provides fertilizer in rows at the same level with the seed, which does not ensure the efficient use of fertilizers.

The working body of a conventional seeder is known (see the description of the invention for USSR patent 1496622, IPC 4 A 01 C 7/20, claimed on 04.25.83, published on 07.23.89).

This working body of a conventional seeder for applying seed and fertilizers to the soil by direct sowing without soil cultivation, contains a coulter having a sprayer in the front of which a cultivator is fixed, side walls attached to the cultivator, and the end sides of the cultivator are made vertical and its front the lower part is provided with a downward pointing tip, while the lower edges of the side walls of the opener are located above the lower edges of the cultivator.

A well-known working body allows for the separate application of seed and fertilizers at different levels from the soil surface

in the absence of presowing tillage. But it cannot be used if there is a code on the soil surface, in addition to the stubble, there is also a layer of chopped straw that remained on the soil after the previous harvesting of grain crops, since when the seeder moves with a working body of this type, an accumulation of a mixture of soil, root and plant residues and chopped straw on the front of the cultivator, which prevents further normal progress.

The closest adopted for the prototype is the working body of the grain-stubble seeder (see the description of the invention to patent RF2218697, IPC 7 A 1 C 7/20, A 01 C 7/00, claimed July 15, 2002, published December 20, 2003).

The known working body of the grain-stubble seeder contains a row-mounted cultivator and a tube type opener, the cultivator is a swept wedge with a knife fixed to the sole of the wedge, attached to the main stand so that the plane of the cultivator sole is inclined at a slight angle to the horizontal plane, and the opener is made of a hollow rack, to the lower part of which an inclined wedge-shaped output tip is attached, directed in the direction opposite to the movement, and consisting of a joint of the bottom and cover, a seed distributor is installed inside the tip, while the main stand, to the back wall of which the pipe for installing the man-made pipe is attached, is made in the front in a wedge-shaped shape, streamlined in the direction of movement, and the coulter stand is hinged to the main stand and spring-loaded to it.

This working body allows for the separate application of fertilizers and seeds, and fertilizers are applied to a depth greater than the depth of seed placement. But it cannot be used in the case where the code on the soil surface, in addition to the stubble, there is also a layer of crushed

straw, or on soils with a significant amount of weed vegetation, since when the seeder with the working body described above accumulates a mixture of soil, root and plant residues and chopped straw on the front wedge-shaped part of the cultivator, which prevents further normal progression and leads to a complete stop of the seeder . In addition, the disadvantages of this design are the difficulty of replacing the cutting knife and cultivator, as well as the proposed direct connection of the pipe line with the pipe leads to fracture of the pipe line, and the coulter design does not allow deepening in heavy soils or on soils with significant weediness.

A working member of a grain-stubble seeder is proposed, which contains a sequentially mounted cultivator with a stand and a coulter with a tubular stand located above the cultivator, a pipe attached to the rear wall of the cultivator, characterized in that the cultivator is chisel-shaped, while the cutting surface of the cultivator is made in the form of a flat concave guide, and the ripper rack in the direction of travel is made flat and has a concave guide, and to a pipe attached to the rear wall of the ripper rack , a swivel elbow is attached to install the piping, and a lancet paw is attached to the lower part of the tubular coulter, the angle of the solution is directed to the direction of movement, while a plate is attached to the bottom of the lancet paw, the surface of which together with the lower surface of the lancet paw forms a slit-like cavity, in of which the seed distributor is installed, the tubular opener along the direction of travel has a flat guide with reverse curvature and is mounted on the cultivator stand with the possibility of stepwise adjustment irovki height.

In the second version, the cultivator is swept, at the same time with a knife inclined at an angle of 5 ... 10 ° to the horizontal plane.

In the third and fourth embodiment, along with all of the above characteristics, a seed diffuser is installed in the tubular stand of the coulter.

The proposed working body allows for separate application of fertilizers and seeds, and fertilizers are applied to a depth greater than the depth of seeding, due to the fact that the piping is connected to the main rack, on which the cultivator is fixed, and the seed tube to the tubular rack of the grain opener, while the coulter is strengthened above the level of the ripper tip. Performing a chisel-like cultivator allows you to process heavy soils, where there is a lot of traction. The implementation of the cutting surface of the cultivator and the cultivator strut in the direction of travel flat, with concave guides makes it possible to treat the soil, which has a significant contamination, and also provides self-cleaning of the working body of plant residues. A swivel elbow is attached to the pipe attached to the rear wall of the cultivator strut to prevent the strain pipe from deforming. The implementation of the coulter in the form of a lancet paw, the angle of the solution of which is directed in the direction of movement, as well as the presence of a plate attached to the bottom of the lancet paw, the surface of which, together with the lower surface of the lancet paw, forms a slit-like cavity where the seed distributor is installed, allowing weeds to be cut along the entire width sowing, prepare a flat seed bed, loosen the surface suprachnical layer of the soil, and also ensure uniform application of seeds. The presence of a flat concave guide on the tube rack of the coulter makes it possible to move and discharge the loaded plant residues.

The execution according to the second version of the arrow-shaped cultivator at the same time with a knife and inclined at an angle of 5 ... 10 ° to the horizontal plane

facilitates the process of replacing it, provides weed clipping under the sowing tape on clogged soils.

The presence of the third and fourth options in the tube rack of the coulter of the seed diffuser allows you to more evenly distribute the grain throughout the volume of the tube rack.

The operation of the proposed device is illustrated by the following drawings:

figure 1 presents a General view of the working body according to the first embodiment; figure 2 is a General view of the working body of the second embodiment; figure 3 is a General view of the working body according to the third embodiment, Figure 4 is a General view of the working body according to the fourth embodiment, Figure 5 is a view A.

The working body of the grain-stubble stubble seeder consists of a main stand 1 flat in the direction of movement, to the lower part of which a ripper 2 having a bit-like shape is attached, a hollow tubular coulter stand 3, which, using the adjustment plates 4 and fasteners 5, for example, pins, is mounted on main rack 1 with the possibility of stepwise height adjustment. A lancet paw 6 is attached to the lower part of the tubular counter of the opener 3, the opening angle of which is directed in the direction of movement. A plate 7 is attached to the bottom of the lancet paw 6 (Fig. 5), which forms a slit-like cavity in conjunction with the lower surface of the lancet paw. In the lower part of the tubular counter of the coulter 3, in the slit-like cavity, the seed distributor 8 is installed in the form of a dihedral wedge (Fig. 5), turned upward, with working faces in the form of radius pitched surfaces. The cutting surface 9 of the ripper 2 in the direction of travel has a flat shape in the form of a concave guide. A pipe 10 is attached to the rear wall of the rack 1, to which a swivel elbow 11 is attached to connect the piping. The main stand 1 and the tubular stand of the opener 3 in the direction of travel have concave guides 12 and 13.

In the second embodiment, the ripper 2 has the shape of an arrow-shaped wedge and is made integral with the knife 14 of an arrow-shaped shape and is mounted on the main rack 1 so that the plane of the knife 14 makes a small angle with the horizontal plane.

In the third and fourth embodiments, a seed diffuser 15 is installed in the hollow tube rack of the coulter 3, comprising scattering surfaces 16 in the form of ellipses with elliptical cutouts. The optimal number of scattering surfaces is 3.

The device operates as follows.

The main rack 1 of the working body is mounted on the frame of the seeder. To the main rack 1 to the pipe 10 through the rotary elbow 11 is attached a pipe line, the outlet of which is located behind the tip of the ripper 2, almost at the same level with it. The seed tube is attached to the upper part of the tubular opener 3. When the seeder moves on heavy soil, the point of the chisel-like cultivator 2 cuts into the stubble layer of the soil, while the soil, root residues and chopped straw moving along the concave guide surface 9 of the cultivator and the flat concave guide 12 of the cultivator strut are thrown off to the sides of the cultivator, without hindering its further advancement . Thus, the self-cleaning of the working body. When the seeder is working on soils with a large number of weeds, the swept cultivator 2 with a knife 14, proposed in the second embodiment, is used, which ensures weed cutting under the sowing tape. Fertilizer granules are sown from the pipelines in a strip, which are covered with a layer of crumbling soil. The grain coulter is located behind the cultivator, which provides the conditions for a good closure of the fertilizer furrow before the seeds begin to be sown. At the same time, the lancet paw 6 of the opener cuts the surface weeds along the entire width of the sowing, prepares a flat seed

bed, provides an even distribution of seeds and covers seeds with loosened soil. Seeds to the opener come through the vas deferens and flow to the pitched surfaces of the seed distributor 8, through which they are sent to the prepared seed bed with two tapes on both sides of the fertilizer strip. With further movement, the upper layer of loosened soil moves along the upper surface of the lancet paw 6 and covers the planted seeds. A plate 7 attached to the lower surface of the lancet paw 6 prevents soil from entering the pitched surfaces of the seed distributor 8. When the coulter moves, the lancet paw 6 cuts into the stubble layer of soil, while the soil, root residues and chopped straw move along the flat concave guide 13 of the tubular stand openers 3 are thrown to the sides of it without complicating further progress. Thus, self-cleaning of the working body is also performed. Since the grain coulter is installed above the tip of the ripper 2, then separate sowing of fertilizers and seeds with different depths of their seeding.

When the coulter is connected to the grain hopper of the seeder through the vas deferens, sections of the vas deferens appear with a significant deviation from the vertical position. In this case, the grain moves inside the vas deferens unevenly over the cross section, which leads to uneven distribution of seeds in the soil during sowing. To eliminate this drawback, a tube of 15 seeds is installed in the tubular stand 3 of the coulter (third and fourth option). A row of seeds, alternately striking against scattering surfaces 16, becomes chaotic throughout the volume of the tubular column 3.

The inventive working body can be used for sowing a variety of crops in grain-fertilizer seeders, which provide for the separate application of seed material and fertilizers.

The advantage of this device over the known ones, including the prototype, is the possibility of using the proposed device in seeders without preliminary tillage in the case when, in addition to the stubble layer, the soil is covered with a layer of crushed straw remaining on the stubble after the previous harvest, as well as on soils having significant clogging. The proposed working body is self-cleaning surfaces from plant debris, which prevents unloading, leading to a complete stop of the seeder. In addition, the device allows you to close fertilizers into the lower, more moist soil layer, which helps to increase the efficiency of fertilizer use and, ultimately, increase the yield of sown crops.

Claims (4)

1. The working body of the grain-stubble seeder, comprising a sequentially mounted cultivator with a stand and a coulter with a tubular stand located above the cultivator, a pipe attached to the rear wall of the cultivator, characterized in that the cultivator is chisel-shaped, while the cutting surface of the cultivator is made in the direction of travel in the form of a flat concave guide, and the ripper strut in the direction of travel is made flat and has a concave guide, moreover, to the pipe attached to the rear wall of the ripper, a swivel elbow is installed for installing the piping, and a lancet paw is attached to the lower part of the tubular counter of the opener, the opening angle of which is directed to the direction of movement, while a plate is attached to the bottom of the lancet paw, the surface of which together with the lower surface of the lancet paw forms a slit-like cavity in which a seed distributor is installed, the tubular opener in the direction of travel has a flat concave guide and is mounted on the cultivator stand with the possibility of stepwise height adjustment. 2. The working body of the grain-stubble seeder, containing a sequentially mounted cultivator with a stand and a coulter with a tubular stand located above the cultivator, a pipe attached to the rear wall of the cultivator, characterized in that the swept cultivator is made integral with a knife inclined at an angle of 5 ... 10 ° to the horizontal plane, while the cutting surface of the cultivator in the direction of travel is made in the form of a flat concave guide, and the rack of the cultivator in the direction of travel is made flat and has a concave guide, pr what about a pipe attached to the rear wall of the cultivator strut, a rotary elbow is attached to install the piping, and a lancet paw is attached to the lower part of the tubular coulter, the opening angle of which is directed to the direction of movement, while a plate is attached to the bottom of the lancet paw, the surface of which together with the lower surface of the lancet paw forms a slit-like cavity in which the seed distributor is installed, the tubular opener along the direction of movement has a flat concave guide and is fixed to ripper support with stepwise height adjustment. 3. The working body of the grain-stubble seeder, comprising a sequentially mounted cultivator with a stand and a coulter with a tubular stand located above the cultivator, a pipe attached to the rear wall of the cultivator, characterized in that the cultivator is chisel-shaped, while the cutting surface of the cultivator is made in the direction of travel in the form of a flat concave guide, and the cultivator strut in the direction of travel is made flat and has a concave guide, moreover, to the pipe attached to the rear wall of the cultivator strut a swivel knee for installation of a man-made pipe is made, a seed diffuser is installed in the tube rack of the coulter containing scattering surfaces in the form of an ellipse with an elliptical notch, and a lancet foot is attached to the lower part of the tube coulter, the opening angle of which is directed to the direction of movement, while to the bottom of the lancet paw a plate is attached, the surface of which together with the lower surface of the lancet paw forms a slit-like cavity in which a seed distributor is installed, a tubular coulter stand along x The movement ode has a flat concave guide and is mounted on the cultivator strut with the possibility of stepwise height adjustment. 4. The working body of the grain-stubble seeder, containing a sequentially mounted cultivator with a stand and a coulter with a tubular stand located above the cultivator, a pipe attached to the rear wall of the cultivator, characterized in that the swept cultivator is made integral with a knife inclined at an angle of 5 ... 10 ° to the horizontal plane, while the cutting surface of the cultivator in the direction of travel is made in the form of a flat concave guide, and the rack of the cultivator in the direction of travel is made flat and has a concave guide, pr what is the purpose of the pipe attached to the rear wall of the cultivator strut, a rotary elbow is attached to install the pipework, a seed diffuser is installed in the tube rack of the coulter containing scattering surfaces in the form of an ellipse with an elliptical notch, and a lancet paw is attached to the lower part of the tube coulter, the opening angle of which directed towards the movement, with a plate attached to the bottom of the lancet paw, the surface of which together with the lower surface of the lancet paw forms a slit-like cavity in A seed distributor is installed, the tubular opener along the direction of travel has a flat concave guide and is mounted on the cultivator stand with the possibility of stepwise height adjustment.