RU224117U1 - Combination opener - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for sowing and fertilizing. The combined opener includes a lancet paw mounted on a stand, the sub-paw space of the lancet paw, closed at the top by two arch-forming plates, in the rear lower part of the stand for fixing the fertilizer and seed pipes there is a box-shaped bracket, inside of which there is a two-flow distributor that changes the speed and trajectory of the flow of seeds and minerals. fertilizers, and providing separate strip distribution of seeds to the right part of the under-foot space, and mineral fertilizers - to the left part of the under-foot space. This design solution eliminates the possibility of direct contact of the seeds of the sown crop with granules of mineral fertilizers, and makes it possible to use a coulter for joint belt sowing of two crops, or sowing a crop while simultaneously introducing granulated mineral fertilizer into the row spacing. In addition, the design of the opener increases the reliability of the device. 4 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for sowing and fertilizing.

A combined opener for multi-level sowing of seeds and fertilizers is known [Patent RU 130780 U1 Combined opener for multi-level sowing of seeds and applying fertilizers. Patent holder: State Scientific Institution Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture of the Russian Agricultural Academy, Publ. 08/10/2013 Bulletin. No. 22], including a chisel-shaped opener, a holder, seed tube stands, fertilizer tubes, and an expander. When the opener is deepened, the chisel cuts a groove in the soil to introduce seeds through the seed tube to a given depth. Expanders move the loosened soil to the sides, and cut two grooves for applying fertilizers, the bases of which are located symmetrically on the sides of the coulter and below relative to the seed sowing strip. Fertilizers are applied simultaneously with sowing the seeds deeper than they are planted on both sides of them.

The disadvantages of this opener are the high traction resistance when sowing, the tendency to stick with wet soil and to clog the spaces between the bit and the expanders with plant debris.

A combined opener is known [Patent RU 2617589 C2 Combined opener for joint sowing of crops. Patent holder: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kursk State Agricultural Academy named after I.I. Ivanova, Publ. 04/25/2017 Bulletin. No. 12], containing a stand to which the nose is attached in front and the cheeks in the back. Behind the stand, a central seed tube and a seed guide are attached to the cheeks, under which the central seal for the bottom of the furrow is attached. On both sides of the rack, movable side sections are attached to the rack using four vertical grooves made in it with alternating recesses milled on one side or the other for the bolt heads. The side sections contain spacer plates and loosening knives, on which movable furrow makers, which are seed guides, are located on top, and seals for the bottom of the side furrows are attached to the bottom.

The disadvantages of the described opener are low reliability due to the complexity of the design and the asymmetry of loads from the reaction of the soil relative to the stand when setting different seeding depths for the left and right cheeks.

The closest analogue in terms of the set of essential features to the proposed opener design is the opener of the seeder-cultivator, [Patent RU 2335879 C1 Opener of the seeder-cultivator. Patent holder: JSC "SAD", Publ. 10/20/2008 Bulletin. No. 29], including a pointed paw, a receiver and distributor of the seeded material, a vault of the under-foot space and a reflector. The reflector is located under the distributor and is inclined in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the coulter. The distributor has the shape of a wedge-shaped divider and is installed in the under-foot space along the path of the seeded material exiting the receiver. The reflector and the distributor are installed at a distance from each other in height. The distributor is inclined in the direction of coulter movement. Above the reflector is the front part of the distributor. The receiver is made in the form of a pipe having a rectangular flow section elongated along the movement of the opener. The arch of the underfoot space contains the right and left flaps, mounted on the side walls in the lower part of the receiver. The reflector is attached to the flaps. A plate is installed and fastened to them between the right and left flaps at the front wall of the receiver. There is a stop under the plate. The distributor is made of polyamide. In addition, the distributor has contact with the rear wall of the receiver, to which it is attached with a detachable connection. In the cavity of the receiver, above the distributor, there is an elongated transverse partition.

The disadvantage of this opener is that as a result of its operation, the seeds of the sown crop and granules of mineral fertilizers end up in the same soil horizon, which negatively affects the field germination of cultivated plants in the initial period of their development.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to eliminate direct contact of the seeds of the sown crop with granules of mineral fertilizer, as well as to obtain the opportunity to use the opener for joint belt sowing of two crops, or sowing a crop with the simultaneous application of granular mineral fertilizer in the row spacing; in addition, the design of the opener allows increasing reliability of the device in relation to analogues.

The solution to the problem is achieved by the fact that the proposed combined opener includes a lancet foot 2 mounted on a stand 1, the sub-foot space of the lancet foot 2 is closed from above by two arch-forming plates 3, a box-shaped bracket 4 is fixed in the rear lower part of the stand 1 for fixing the fertilizer line 6 and the seed tube 5, inside which houses a double-flow distributor 7, which changes the speed and direction of movement of seeds and mineral fertilizers and provides separate strip distribution of seeds to the right side of the under-foot space, and mineral fertilizers to the left part of the under-foot space.

The essence of the proposed utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In fig. 1 shows a drawing explaining the design and principle of operation of a combined coulter using the example of separate sowing of seeds and fertilizers, rear view with a local section;

in fig. 2 - combination opener, side view;

in fig. 3 - drawing of a two-flow distributor with sections in planes A-A and B-B, explaining the design of the distributor;

in fig. 4 - general view of a two-flow distributor.

In the drawings (Fig. 1-4) the following designations are used:

1 - stand; 2 - pointed paw; 3 - arch-forming plate; 4 - box-shaped bracket; 5 - seed tube; 6 - fertilizer line; 7 - double-flow distributor; 8 - gap; 9 - separating plate; 10 - working surfaces; 11 - bevels.

The combined opener (Fig. 1-2) contains a stand 1 with a pointed paw 2 and arch-forming plates 3 attached to it. In the rear lower part of the stand there is a box-shaped bracket 4 made of metal in the form of a box (Fig. 2) rigidly attached to the stand, intended for installation and fixing the fertilizer pipe 6 and the seed pipe 5. A two-flow distributor 7 is installed inside the box-shaped bracket 4. The left-side and right-side working parts of the distributor 7 are made in the form of a curved surface 10, the lower outer corner of which is truncated by a vertical plane oriented at a certain angle to the longitudinal-vertical plane of the distributor 7 Thus, the left-hand and right-hand working surfaces 10 of the distributor 7 have bevels 11, ensuring sowing of the entire coulter space, including the trace of the coulter stand.

The left-hand and right-hand working surfaces 10 of the distributor 7 are separated from each other by a separating plate 9, which is part of the design of the two-flow distributor 7 itself (Fig. 4). The separating plate 9 prevents the mixing of seeds and fertilizers entering through the fertilizer pipe 6 and the seed pipe 5 onto different working surfaces 10 of the distributor 7, and the curved shape of the working surfaces 10 of the distributor 7 allows you to increase the flight range of seeds and fertilizer granules coming from the side surfaces of the distributor 7, increasing uniformity their placement across the entire width of the sub-claw space. The two-flow distributor 7 and the box-shaped bracket 4 are installed relative to each other in such a way that between the lower edge of the box-shaped bracket 4 and the guide surfaces of the two-flow distributor 7 there is a gap 8 for the unhindered exit of seeds and granules of mineral fertilizers into the under-foot space (Fig. 1).

The combined opener works as follows: the seeds of the sown crop are fed by the sowing apparatus into the seed tube 5. Having passed through the seed tube 5, the seeds fall onto the surface of the double-flow distributor 7, as a result of which they change their direction of movement and are distributed over the entire width in the right part of the under-foot space of the opener, limited in its upper part by an arch-forming plate 3. At the same time, granules of mineral fertilizers are fed by fertilizer sowing rollers into the fertilizer pipe 6, through which they fall onto the working surface 10 of the two-flow distributor 7, as a result of which they change their direction of movement and are distributed over the entire width in the left part of the under-foot space of the coulter, limited in its upper part by an arch-forming plate 3. During the movement of the coulter, two separate ribbons of seeds and fertilizers are formed in the soil.

This design solution allows for belt sowing of a crop with the simultaneous application of granulated mineral fertilizers into the row spacing of the sown crop, or belt (strip) sowing of two crops.

Claims (2)

1. A combined opener, including a lancet paw fixed to the stand, an arch of the sub-paw space, a seed tube and fertilizer tube, a distributor, characterized in that the distributor is double-flow and installed inside a box-shaped bracket fixed in the rear lower part of the stand, and the working surfaces of the distributor are separated from each other separating plate and have a curved shape with truncation of external corners in the lower part; there is a gap between the working surfaces of the distributor and the lower edge of the box-shaped bracket. 2. A combination opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating plate is part of the distributor.