RU2438286C1 - Combined opener for sowing seeds of different crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: opener has a rack and two cheeks with the seal of the furrow bottom. Two vertical slots are made in the rack. Forepart of the opener rack in the plan is V-shaped. The rack on both sides has symmetrical knives with sharpening. The knives are set at angles to the horizon in the longitudinal and transverse planes with the ability to move through the slots of the rack. Furrow plows are mounted on the knives with the ability to move along two rows of holes. In the latter, vertical drill tubes are located, passing into the seals drill tubes of the bottom of the lateral furrows, which end as the horizontal slot in the lower part. Over the furrow plows, the plate-struts with holes are located. The furrow plows are fixed on the knives with the seals rods, passing through the knives, furrow plows and the plate-struts. The rods in their upper part have a threaded end where retaining nuts are mounted. On the underside the seals and furrow plows are connected with screws. The seals have a parallelepiped shape rounded at the sides.

EFFECT: invention enables to provide simultaneous multi-component sowing of crops in parallel furrows to the depth and width of row spacing defined by agronomic requirements.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, and in particular to devices for simultaneously planting seeds of various crops at different depths and with variable row spacing in the soil.

Known combined coulter, consisting of a freely rotating flat disk mounted on a leash, a fixed seed guide and a furrow-forming working body, the lower edge of which is made as part of a wedge-shaped opener. The combined opener is equipped with additional flat cutting legs, a lancet paw, and a row leveling device. Additional flat-cutting legs with cutting edges on the frontal parts are mounted on the leash in opposition, the blade edges are bent from the plane of the disk at an angle to the horizontal (RU No. 2204894, IPC A01C 7/20, 2001).

The disadvantages of the described opener include the impossibility of simultaneous sowing of various crops in several parallel rows.

The closest analogue to the claimed object in terms of essential features is the coulter, which allows you to simultaneously lay the seeds of various crops at different depths in the soil. The coulter consists of a four linker, in which a spring is installed that presses the coulter to the field surface. Two cheeks are fixed on the rack, with the main seal, a runner with a slot, and a rake is installed in front of the runner. A seal is installed at the bottom of the runner, and trims are fixed at the top in the middle. Through the slot, the passage of fine-growing seeds is provided. Seeds sown more deeply enter the space between the cheeks. One of the cheeks contains a blade with a passively rotating disk, which during operation throws soil into the furrow between the cheeks. Both furrows are simultaneously covered with soil by zagrechas following the opener. Different depths of seed placement are provided by raising the runner on the coulter stand and adjusting the total depth of seed placement using shorting (AS USSR No. 1611246, IPC A01C 7/20, 1990).

The disadvantage of the coulter is the inability to change the distance between the rows, which complicates the selection of the sown components, its use does not allow to create optimal conditions for seed germination. The presence of side strips to prevent the grooves from falling asleep for small seeds, increases the resistance to the coulter movement and worsens its stability.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To reduce the cost of feed and at the same time improve their quality by increasing the protein content and the complex of trace elements allow various types of multicomponent crops. Yields of these mixtures are higher than those of monosowing, plant lodging is reduced, conditions for photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation are improved, solar energy is used more fully, soil moisture and nutrient reserves are reduced, losses during harvesting are reduced, and the introduction of the legume component solves the problem of nitrogen deficiency in the soil. which is essential for maintaining soil fertility. Joint sowing, in which the seeds of crops are not mixed in advance, but are sown separately in alternating rows, is more effective. It is economically feasible to sow the components simultaneously in one pass of the seed unit. At the same time, it is important to maintain the optimal parameters of the seed placement depth of each crop and the row spacing between them.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is the formation of multicomponent feed agrocenoses due to the simultaneous sowing of two or more crops in parallel rows at the depth and width of row spacing determined by agrotechnical requirements. This provides the proposed opener. The agrotechnical result is an increase in the yield of fodder crops and an increase in the quality of feed.

This result is technically achieved by the fact that the side sections are fixed on the main stand, which have the ability to independently move in height relative to the main stand, which provides the optimal seed placement depth for each crop. Movable seed tubes with seed guides are installed on the side sections, the movement of which through holes in the cutting knives allows you to vary the row spacing.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict: in Fig.1 - combined opener assembly, side view; figure 2 - combined opener assembly, front view; figure 3 - combined opener assembly, type A; figure 4 - body furrower; figure 5 - seal bottom of the lateral grooves.

Information confirming the possibility of technical implementation of the claimed invention are as follows.

Combined opener consists (Fig.1-3) of the Central and two side sections. The central section contains a rack 1 with a rigidly fixed on it: bow 2, cheeks 3 and 4; with a central vas deferens 5 installed between them, the continuation of which is the seed guide 6, a seal 7 of the bottom of the central sulcus. Left and right on the rack 1 are mounted symmetrically with the possibility of shifting the height of the side sections. The side sections consist of: knives 8 and 9, inclined to the horizon in the longitudinal and transverse planes and having two rows of holes located at a predetermined pitch along the cutting edge; furrow makers 10 and 11 with vertical channels of the lateral vas deferens 12, 13; seals 14, 15 of the bottom of the side furrows; spreader bars 16, 17 having similar openings.

The body of the furrower (Figure 4) is made in the front part in the form of a wedge. The lower edge of the furrower is inclined to the horizontal in the longitudinal and transverse planes at the angles of inclination of the knives 8, 9. The upper edge of the furrower is horizontal and has a shelf 23 for installing the brace (in figure 3, pos.16, 17). Two through vertical holes 24 and 25 pass through the furrower. Through the hole 24 passes the seal rod 26 (Figure 5), and the hole 25 is a vas deferens. In the lower part of the furrower there is a threaded hole 27 for the fixing bolt 20 (Figure 1).

The sealant of the bottom of the side furrow (Figure 5) is made in the form of a parallelepiped rounded on the sides, its upper face is located in the longitudinal and transverse planes at angles to the horizontal equal to the angle of inclination of the knives 8, 9. The sealant is rigidly attached to the knife, the body of the furrow cutter and the spreader bar with the help of a rod 26 with a thread at the upper end and nuts 18 or 19 (FIG. 2) and a bolt 20 (FIG. 1), which are screwed into the coaxial threaded holes 27 and 28 in the cases of the furrow cutter (FIG. 4) and the sealant (FIG. 5). The hole 29 on the seal is a continuation of the vas deferens (key 12 or 13). In the lower part, the hole ends with a horizontal groove 30.

When setting the coulter to a predetermined row spacing width, furrowers 10 and 11 can be reinstalled along the openings of knives 8, 9 and struts 16, 17, providing specified distances between the central and side rows. The fixation of the furrow cutters is done by tightening the nuts 18, 19 on the shafts 26 of the seals 14, 15, which pass through the knives, furrows, and spacers, as well as by tightening the bolts 20 that pass through the threaded holes 28 in the seals 14, 15 behind the knives 8, 9 and screw into threaded holes 27 furrowers.

Reconfiguration of the coulter to a different seed placement depth in the central row is done by reconfiguring the depth of the sowing section of the seeder on which the coulter (not shown) is mounted.

To change the depth of travel of the side sections relative to the central one, the rack 1, the front of which is rounded in order to ensure unimpeded flow of plant residues, has two grooves (Figure 1) along which the knives fasten. The sections are fixed by tightening the bolts 21, 22. The nose 2 from the bottom is made with rounding, when viewed from above by a wedge.

Combined opener works as follows.

With the movement of the sowing unit, the nose part 2 of the opener spreads the soil, forming a compacted seed bed of the central row. An additional seal on the bottom of the furrow is provided by the central seal 7, and the seeds of the central culture enter the prepared bed. Knives 8, 9 produce loosening the soil and cutting weeds. Side seals 14, 15 form a compacted seed bed for side crops. Through the lateral seminal canals formed by: furrows 10 and 11; lateral vas deferens 12, 13 and side seals of the bottom of the furrow 14, 15, the seeds fall on the seed bed. The grooves in the lower parts of the side seals allow the seeds to occupy a central position in the compacted furrows and prevent premature shedding of the earth. The followers and rollers of the sowing section (not shown) following the combined opener close the grooves with seeds with the ground and pack them.

Thus, pre-sowing cultivation and simultaneous sowing of several crops in parallel rows with the row spacing and seed placement depth specified for each crop are performed. The coulter is easily reconfigurable to various seed placement depths and row spacing.

Claims (1)

Combined opener for sowing seeds of different crops, containing a stand and two cheeks with a furrow bottom seal, characterized in that the stand has two vertical grooves, the nose of the stand in the plan has a wedge shape, and the stand has symmetrical knives with sharpening mounted at angles to horizontally in the longitudinal and transverse planes with the ability to move along the grooves of the rack, on the knives are installed with the ability to move along two rows of holes of the groove bar, in which there are vertical seed tubes passing into the ducts of the seals of the bottom of the lateral grooves ending in a horizontal groove in the lower part, while the seals are in the form of parallelepipeds rounded on the sides, and spacer plates with holes are located on the top of the grooves, and the grooves are fixed on the knives with the sealing rods passing through the knives, grooves and plates - spacers, in the upper part the rods end with a thread on which the tightening nuts are installed, and bottom seals and furrows are bolted together.

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