RU2311746C2 - Section for seed-fertilizer seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: section for seed-fertilizer seeder has A-hoe, tine-fertilizer pipe, and seed guides. Section has two seed guides positioned behind tine-fertilizer pipe, and is equipped with disk knife and roller. Disk knife is positioned in front of tine-fertilizer pipe. Roller is mounted behind seed guides and provided with two circular lugs. Tine-fertilizer pipe is equipped at its front side with rigidity rib. Lower part of tine-fertilizer pipe is made wedge-shaped, with acute end being oriented in direction of advancement of seeder. Wedge and fertilizer pipe end are positioned at the level below cutting edge of A-hoe. Ends of seed guides are positioned under hoe and bent to the right and to the left respectively by value equal to half the width of spacing. Protrusions are provided on underside of hoe, at both sides of axis of symmetry, with gap between said protrusions being equal to half the width of spacing, so that lower ends of protrusions are below the level of cutting edge of hoe. Roller lugs are arranged opposite protrusions provided on A-hoe. Lower part of tine-fertilizer pipe has figured cut.

EFFECT: improved quality of seed embedding process and increased efficiency in utilization of applied fertilizers.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for the localization of solid mineral fertilizers with simultaneous tillage and sowing of grain crops, and can be used on grain-fertilizer seeders for sowing on a stubble background.

Known combination tool for simultaneous tillage, sowing and fertilizing [RU 2125359 C1, A01C 7/20; 04/22/1997], consisting of opener batteries, including spherical discs with racks installed between them with fertilizer and vas deferens.

The disadvantage of this combined tool is that the tuks, when they are introduced into the soil by the opener battery, are located above the level of sowing seeds in a drying layer of soil, which is irrational.

Known combined coulter for narrow-row sowing of grain crops with simultaneous local fertilizer application [SU 1018591, AC 7/20; November 30, 1986], consisting of a casing, two discs, a bell for fertilizers and a bell for seeds with a lancet paw, in the passive zone of which a seed distributor is installed.

The disadvantage of this combined coulter is that the seed placement depth is regulated by means of a pressure plate, which cannot fully ensure their uniform distribution in depth.

Known opener [SU 1273005, AC 7/20; 11/30/1986], intended for the simultaneous seeding of seeds of grain crops and fertilizers and containing a housing, a pipe for fertilizers, a pipe for seeds and two discs of different sizes and thicknesses.

The disadvantage of this coulter is that the adjustment of the seeding depth is carried out using a pressure spring and a change in the thickness of one of the disks, and it is not possible to ensure uniform distribution of seeds in depth with changing physical and mechanical properties of the soil.

Known combined opener [SU 923412, AC 7/20; 04/30/1982], containing a vertically located flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement and a passive furrow-forming working body mounted on the inside, made in the form of a keeled opener with a blunt angle of entry into the soil.

The disadvantage of the combined opener is that it does not provide separate sowing of seeds and sowing fertilizer.

Known combination coulter [SU 820700, AC 7/20; 04/15/1981], containing the rack-material pipeline and the upper and lower legs fixed on it. The wings of the legs are mounted symmetrically on the rack-material pipeline. Diffusers are installed inside the paws to distribute the seed.

The disadvantage of the combined coulter is that it does not provide separate sowing of fertilizers and seeds and suggests sowing seeds in dry soil.

Known combined plow opener for simultaneous sowing of seeds and fertilizing [SU 1145590, AC 7/20; 12.23.1988], having a housing in front of which a knife, a furrow cutter, seed tube, a fertilizer pipe with seed and fertilizer spreaders are fixed.

The disadvantage of the coulter is that it provides for continuous sowing of grain, which is impractical.

Known combined working body for the dispersed sowing of grain and the simultaneous introduction of the starting and main doses of mineral fertilizers [RU 2099918, АСС 7/00; 7/06; 12/27/1997], including the seed tube, distributor, opener, which is equipped with a fertilizer line, nozzle with cultivators and dumps, an additional seed tube, a packer roller and an arm.

The disadvantage of this device is that the seeding is done in dry soil.

Known combined opener [RU 2224402, AC 7/20; 02/27/2004], comprising a fertilizer rack, a lancet paw with dumps, an arm, a wedge, soil compactors, two seed guides and safety valves.

The disadvantages of the combined opener are that the wedge during operation of the opener contributes to its deepening; The coulter is designed for use on well-prepared soil.

Known working body for subsoil sowing of seeds and fertilizing [SU 1066479, AC 7/20; 01/15/1984], including a flat-cutting paw and a stand, on which back there are fertilizer and seed tubes, a fertilizer reflector and a seed distributor installed in the sublap space.

The disadvantage of the working body is that such a coulter does not provide for mutual regulation of the depth of sowing seeds and fertilizers and pesticides.

The objective of the invention is to increase the field germination of seeds by ensuring a higher quality of seeding by placing them on a solid sowing bed and increasing the efficiency of the use of fertilizers due to the sowing of their introduction, their more rational placement in relation to the sown seeds.

Figure 1 shows the design-technological scheme of the grain-fertilizer seeder section (front view); figure 2 is a design and technological scheme of the grain-grain seeder section (top view).

Section grain-seeder contains sequentially attached to the frame 1 (figure 1, figure 2) by means of brackets 2, 3 and 4 flat disk knife 5, lancet paw 6 and roller 7. Lancet paw is fixed to the stiffener 8, to the upper part of which is attached bracket 3. The lower part of the stiffener is made in the form of a wedge 9, facing with a sharp end in the direction of movement. Two cheeks 10 are attached to the stiffener rib, forming a fertilizer feed line. Fertilizer receivers 11 are attached to its upper part, and the lower part is made with a curly neckline. Two vas deferens 12 are attached to the end face of the cheeks 10, the lower ends of which are bent respectively to the right and left by 0.5 row spacings, and the seed tubes 13 are installed in the upper one. space. Bottom on the paw 6 at a distance equal to half the row spacing from the center line, two protrusions 14 are made so that their lower edges are below the cutting edge of the lancet paw. The roller 7 is equipped with two annular flanges 15 with a distance between them, equal to the row spacing, and located opposite the soil compactors, mounted under the lancet paw.

The section works as follows: when moving, the disk knife 5, cutting vegetable debris on the soil surface, forms a gap opposite the stiffener 8, while the wedge 9 attached to the stiffener creates a gap below the level of the cutting edge of the lancet paw 6, where the cavity formed cheeks 10, stiffener 8 and vas deferens 12, come from the receiver 11 fertilizers and are fixed by the soil in the form of a vertically placed tape. The protrusions 14 create on both sides of the slit at a distance of 0.5 the width of the aisle of the groove, into which seeds come from the seed receptacles 13 through the seed tubes 12 and are closed by soil coming off paw 6, and the gap in the soil formed by stiffener 8 is closed by soil its displacement to the center by the bent ends of the lancet paw. The roller 7 destroys the lumps and levels the soil, and the annular flanges 15 compact it above the grooves where the seeds are placed.

Using the grain-fertilizer seeder section allows you to combine three technological operations: pre-sowing cultivation, sowing grain in an ordinary way on a compacted bed and making the main dose of mineral fertilizers in the form of a vertically located tape; reduce the dose of mineral fertilizers recommended for spreading by 25-30%; to increase grain productivity due to the oriented placement of fertilizers relative to the root system and sowing of grain on a compacted bed up to 7 kg / ha and prevents wind erosion of soils.

Information sources

1. RU 2125359 C1, A01C 7/20; 04/22/1997.

2. SU 1018591, A01C 7/20; 11/30/1986.

3. SU 1273005, A01C 7/20; 11/30/1986.

4. SU 923412, A01C 7/20; 04/30/1982.

5. SU 820700, АСС 7/20; 04/15/1981.

6. SU 1145590, АСС 7/20; 12/23/1988.

7. RU 2099918, АСС 7/00; 7/06; 12/27/1997.

8. RU 2224402, АСС 7/20; 02/27/2004.

9. SU 1066479, A01C 7/20; 01/15/1984.

Claims (2)

1. Section grain fertilizer seeder, including lancet paw, rack-taproot and seed tubes, characterized in that it has two seed tubes, which are located behind the rack-pipelines, equipped with a circular knife located in front of the rack-pipelines, and mounted behind the seed tubes roller with two ring the flanges, while the strut pipe in the front is equipped with a stiffener, the lower part of which is made in the form of a wedge facing with a sharp end in the direction of movement, and the wedge and the end of the duct are below the cutting edge of the lancet paw, and the ends of the vas deferens are located under the paw and bent to the right and left, respectively, by an amount equal to half the row spacing, while below the leg on both sides of the axis of symmetry at a distance equal to half the row spacing, protrusions are made so that their lower the ends are below the level of the cutting edge of the paw, and the flanges of the roller are located against the protrusions of the lancet paw. 2. Section according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the strut-piping is made with a curly neckline.

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