RU2716117C1 - Method for ridge planting of cultivated crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to methods of planting tilled crops. Method of ridge picking of tilled crops includes continuous tillage, elimination of weeds, seeds sowing into a humid horizon and closing of seeds with crest 6.5–12.5 cm high, which is formed from heated soil shifted from the row-to-row surface. Sowing with formation of soil crests is performed in direction from north to south (from south to north). Simultaneously with sowing, granulated mineral fertilizers are sown in one line and placed parallel to the sown seeds line, wherein fertilizer line is below line of seeds location and is located in one vertical plane for cultivated plants with rod and storing root system and in different vertical planes for cultivated plants with fibrous root system. Soil in crest top base is additionally loosened by 1/2–1/3 of ridge height with simultaneous destruction of lumps and compaction of loosened soil layer in vertical direction. Lateral sides of the soil crest are compacted horizontally parallel to the space row space and at the same time the soil lumps are destructed in the direction perpendicular to the lateral sides of the flange.

EFFECT: invention allows to produce amicable shoots of tilled crops and to increase their yield.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods of sowing row crops.

A known method of sowing comb rye crops [Method of sowing row crops. Patent RU No. 2265305. Publ. 12/10/2005, Bull. No. 34], including continuous cultivation, destruction of weeds, sowing seeds in a humid horizon to a depth of 1.5 ... 2 cm and covering the seeds with a crest 6.5 ... 12.5 cm high, formed from heated soil displaced from the surface of the aisles.

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of the formation of soil ridges and sowing, as well as the low productivity of cultivated crops due to the slow and non-simultaneous germination of seeds, for which favorable temperature, water and air conditions are not created when sowing due to undisturbed soil lumps on the upper base of the soil ridge and lateral its sides, as well as unevenly compacted soil crest.

The technical result is an increase in the yield of row crops by creating favorable temperature, water and air conditions for fast and friendly germination of seeds.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that sowing with the formation of ridges of the soil is carried out in a direction from north to south (from south to north). At the same time as sowing, granular mineral fertilizers are sown in one line and placed parallel to the line of sown seeds, with the fertilizer line below the seed line and located in the same vertical plane for cultivated plants with a rod and storage root system and in different vertical planes for cultivated plants with a fibrous root system. The soil in the upper base of the ridge is additionally loosened by 1/2 ... 1/3 of the height of the ridge with the simultaneous destruction of lumps and compaction of the loosened soil layer in the vertical direction. The lateral sides of the soil ridge are compacted horizontally parallel to the surface of the row-spacing and at the same time they destroy the soil lumps in the direction perpendicular to the lateral sides of the ridge.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the arrangement of the working bodies of the sowing unit, top view; in FIG. 2 - layout of the working bodies of the sowing unit, side view; in FIG. 3 is a diagram of compaction of the soil ridge with a comb-forming machine from three sides and destruction of soil lumps; in FIG. 4 is a diagram of the placement of seeds and granular fertilizers in the soil and the shape of the ridge after the passage of the sowing unit (option A), FIG. 5 is a diagram of the placement of seeds and granular mineral fertilizers in the soil and the shape of the ridge after the passage of the sowing unit (option B).

Method ridge sowing row crops is as follows.

Pre-establish the direction of movement of the sowing unit from north to south (from south to north), depending on the location of the plot.

When the sowing unit moves, the openers for different levels of sowing seeds and fertilizers 1 and paws 2 with flat discs 3, installed with an overlap of 5 ... 8 cm, loosen the soil and cut weed plants.

The coulter for different levels of sowing seeds and fertilizers contains a stand 4, a paw 5, a fertilizer duct 6. A fertilizer duct 6 is installed between the wings of the leg 5. The outlet of the fertilizer duct 6 is directed to the under-silo space of the leg 5. From the rear of the rack 1, a bracket 7 and a seed duct 8 are installed. installed in the bracket 7 with the possibility of changing the height position relative to the cutting edges of the wings of the legs 5, and the outlet holes of the vas deferens 8 and the duct 6 are located from each other at a distance equal to the required difference in the depth of the seed and fertilizers.

During the movement of the seeder, the pointed front edges of the coulter cut the top layer of soil and shift it in the row-spacing. Paws of 5 openers loosen the soil and cut weeds. The sowing and fertilizer machines of the seeder simultaneously through the seed tubes 8 and the fertilizer tubes 6 direct seeds and fertilizers to the openers 1 for different levels of sowing seeds and fertilizers, the outlet openings of which are located at different heights. The coulters 1 for different levels of sowing seeds and fertilizers sow granular mineral fertilizers in one line and place it parallel to the line of sowed seeds, and the fertilizer bed is located below the seed line and is located in the same vertical plane for cultivated plants with a rod and storage root system and in different vertical planes for cultivated plants with a fibrous root system. Sown fertilizers are sprinkled with a layer of soil descending from the wings of paws 5. The depth of seed placement is 1.5 ... 2 cm from the level of the field surface.

For instance:

Option A) Cultivated plants such as soybean and sunflower have a rooted root system; beets - stocking root system. This means that the fertilizer line should be below the line of location of soybean, sunflower and beet seeds and should be located in one vertical plane (Fig. 4).

Option B) Corn has a fibrous root system, which means that the fertilizer line should be below the line of corn seeds and in different vertical planes (Fig. 5).

The rear legs 2 with flat discs 3 sprinkle the seeds of cultivated plants laid in one line with a loose and warmed layer of soil, shifted from the row-spacing, and form a comb of soil 6.5 ... 12.5 cm high from the north to south above the seeding line, respectively on North). The ridge-forging machine 9 that rotates behind the paws 2 acts on the formed soil ridge on three sides: loosens the soil in the upper base of the ridge with two-sided sharpened polyhedral disks 10 mounted on the press drum 11 by a value of 1/2 ... 1/3 of the height of the ridge with simultaneous destruction of lumps and compaction of the loosened soil layer in the vertical direction; spherical discs 12, installed convex sides to the sides of the soil ridge, - compacts the sides of the ridge in the horizontal direction parallel to the row spacing and simultaneously with rippers 13 mounted on a circle on the convex sides of the spherical discs 12 perpendicular to the sides of the ridge, destroys the lumps of soil in the direction perpendicular the sides of the ridge.

Simultaneous sowing of seeds and granular mineral fertilizers minimizes soil mixing during sowing and, consequently, loss of soil moisture.

The location of the line of granular mineral fertilizers parallel to the line of sown seeds, and the line of fertilizers is located below the line of seeds in the same vertical plane for cultivated plants with a rod and storage root system and in different vertical planes for cultivated plants with a fibrous root system allows for efficient nutrition of cultivated plants during their vegetation and, accordingly, the rational use of fertilizers.

The sprinkling of sown seeds with a soil ridge 6,5 ... 12,5 cm high from the warmed loose soil, shifted from the row-spacing, allows you to compensate for the decrease in the depth of seed placement from the soil surface level, and the formation of the soil ridge allows you to create a favorable temperature regime for the seeds, as the soil ridge warms up faster than a flat field surface.

Simultaneous compaction of the soil in the vertical direction by the rolling drum 11 - from the upper base of the soil ridge to the side of the seed bed, and horizontal direction with spherical discs 12 - parallel to the row spacing, allows you to create the best contact of the sown seeds with moist soil located above the seeds, as well as to draw moisture from lower layers of soil to the upper layers - to the seed bed.

The simultaneous destruction of soil lumps by disks 10 in the upper base of the ridge in the vertical direction and rippers 13, perpendicular to the lateral sides of the ridge, allows creating a mulched soil layer of the upper part of the ridge without damage to the integrity of the initial profile of the ridge from three sides, preventing the evaporation of soil moisture from the seed bed.

The formation of soil ridges above sown seeds from north to south (from south to north) ensures heating of the soil ridge throughout the day: in the first half of the day the eastern slope of the ridge warms up, at noon - the top of the ridge, and in the afternoon - the western slope of the soil ridge .

At the same time, pre-sowing loosening of the soil with ridge sowing, as well as loosening of the soil in the ridge with the destruction of soil lumps without rupture of operations in time, allows to preserve soil moisture when performing a given technological operation, as well as create temperature, water and air conditions for germination and further growth and the development of cultivated plants.

Claims (1)

The method of ridge sowing of row crops, including continuous cultivation, destruction of weeds, sowing seeds in a humid horizon and covering the seeds with a ridge 6.5 ... 12.5 cm high, formed from heated soil, shifted from the surface of the row-spacing, while sowing with the formation of soil ridges is carried out in the direction from north to south or from south to north, and at the same time as sowing, granular mineral fertilizers are sown in one line, placing it parallel to the line of sown seeds, and the line of fertilizer lies below the line located seeds in the same vertical plane for cultivated plants with a rod and storage root system, and in different vertical planes for cultivated plants with a fibrous root system, in addition, the soil in the upper base of the ridge is further loosened by 1/2 ... 1/3 of the height the ridge with the simultaneous destruction of the lumps and compaction of the loosened soil layer in the vertical direction, and the sides of the soil ridge are compacted in the horizontal direction parallel to the surface of the row spacings and at the same time destroy the ki soil in a direction perpendicular to the sides of the ridge.

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