RU2612441C1 - Method of ridge planting of tilled crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods of planting tilled crops. The method of ridge planting of tilled crops includes overall tillage, weed control, sowing seeds on a solid bed in a wet horizon and closing seeds with the ridge having the height of 6.5-12.5 cm formed from the heated soil sheared from the inter-row spacing surface. Sowing with the formation of soil ridges is carried out in the direction from north to south (from south to north). The soil in the ridge upper base is additionally loosened by the 1/2-1/3 the ridge height with the simultaneous destruction of lumps and compacting of the loosened soil layer in the vertical direction. The lateral sides of the soil ridge are compacted horizontally parallel to the surface of inter-row spacing and the lumps of soil are simultaneously destroyed in the direction perpendicular to the lateral sides of the ridge.

EFFECT: invention enables to provide even sprouts of tilled crops and to increase their yield.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods of sowing row crops.

A known method of sowing comb rye crops [Method of sowing row crops. Patent RU No. 2265305. Publ. 12/10/2005. Bull. No. 34], including continuous cultivation, destruction of weeds, sowing seeds on a hard bed in a moist horizon to a depth of 1.5 ... 2 cm and covering the seeds with a crest 6.5 ... 12.5 cm high, formed from heated soil displaced from the surface of the row-spacings . The central part of the ridge along the axis of symmetry is compacted to a depth of 0.5 ... 2.5 cm, depending on the state of the soil, and from the densified part of the ridge to its edges perpendicular to the axis of symmetry, channels at a depth of 0.5 are formed on both sides of the ridge at certain intervals ... 2.5 cm.

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of the formation of soil ridges and sowing, as well as the low productivity of cultivated crops due to slow and non-simultaneous germination of seeds, for which favorable temperature, water and air conditions are not created when sowing due to undestroyed soil lumps on the upper base of the soil ridge and its lateral sides, as well as unevenly compacted soil crest.

The technical result is an increase in the yield of row crops by creating favorable temperature, water and air conditions for fast and friendly germination of seeds.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that sowing with the formation of ridges of the soil is carried out in a direction from north to south (from south to north). The soil in the upper base of the ridge is additionally loosened by 1/2 ... 1/3 of the height of the ridge with the simultaneous destruction of lumps and compaction of the loosened soil layer in the vertical direction. The lateral sides of the soil ridge are compacted horizontally parallel to the surface of the row-spacing and at the same time they destroy the soil lumps in the direction perpendicular to the lateral sides of the ridge.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the arrangement of the working bodies of the sowing unit, top view; in FIG. 2 - layout of the working bodies of the sowing unit, side view; in FIG. 3 is a diagram of compaction of the soil ridge with a comb-forming machine from three sides and destruction of soil lumps; in FIG. 4 is a diagram of the placement of seeds in the soil and the shape of the ridge after the passage of the seed unit

Method ridge sowing row crops is as follows.

Pre-establish the direction of movement of the sowing unit from north to south (from south to north), depending on the location of the plot.

When the sowing unit moves, the openers 1 and 2 with flat discs 3, mounted with an overlap of 5 ... 8 cm, loosen the soil and cut weeds. At the same time, the opener paws 1 remove the upper dried-up soil layer 2 ... 3 cm thick, shift it in the row-spacing and form a wet bed for laying seeds in it. The soil in the rows is compacted with skid-shaped seals 4 installed in the sublap space of the openers 1. Then the seeds are laid on a moist and compacted bed. Paws 2, going behind, with flat discs 3, sprinkle seeds with a loose and warmed layer of soil, shifted from the row-spacing, and form a ridge of soil 6.5 to 12.5 cm above the seeding line, respectively, from north to south (from south to north). The ridge former 5, which rotates behind the paws 2, acts on the formed soil ridge from three sides: loosens the soil in the upper base of the ridge with bilaterally sharpened polyhedral disks 6 mounted on the press drum 7, by a value of 1/2 ... 1/3 of the height of the ridge with simultaneous destruction of the lumps and compaction of the loosened soil layer in the vertical direction; spherical disks 8, installed convex sides to the sides of the soil ridge, - compacts the sides of the ridge in the horizontal direction parallel to the row spacing and simultaneously with rippers 9 mounted on a circle on the convex sides of the spherical disks 8 perpendicular to the sides of the ridge, destroys the soil lumps in the direction perpendicular the sides of the ridge.

The sprinkling of sown seeds with a soil ridge 6,5 ... 12,5 cm high from the warmed loose soil, shifted from the row-spacing, allows you to compensate for the decrease in the depth of seed placement from the soil surface level, and the formation of the soil ridge allows you to create a favorable temperature regime for the seeds, as the soil ridge warms up faster than a flat field surface.

Simultaneous compaction of the soil in the vertical direction by the rolling drum 7 - from the upper base of the soil ridge to the side of the seed bed, and horizontal direction with spherical discs 8 - parallel to the row spacing, allows you to create the best contact of the sown seeds with moist soil located above the seeds, and also draw moisture from lower layers of soil to the upper layers - to the seed bed.

The simultaneous destruction of soil lumps by disks 6 in the upper base of the ridge in the vertical direction and rippers 9, perpendicular to the lateral sides of the ridge, allows creating a mulched soil layer of the upper part of the ridge without damage to the integrity of the initial profile of the ridge from three sides, preventing evaporation of soil moisture from the seed bed.

The formation of soil ridges above sown seeds from north to south (from south to north) ensures the warming of the soil ridge throughout the day: the eastern slope of the ridge warms up in the morning, the top of the ridge at noon, and the western ridge of the soil ridge in the afternoon. .

Performing simultaneous pre-sowing loosening of the soil with ridge sowing, as well as loosening the soil in the ridge with the destruction of soil lumps without breaking operations in time, allows you to maximize save soil moisture when performing a given technological operation, as well as create temperature, water and air conditions for germination and further growth and the development of cultivated plants.

Claims (1)

The method of ridge sowing of row crops, including continuous cultivation, destruction of weeds, sowing seeds on a hard bed in a humid horizon and closing the seeds with a ridge 6.5 ... 12.5 cm high, formed from heated soil shifted from the surface of the row-spacing, characterized in that the sowing with the formation of ridges, the soil is carried out in a direction from north to south (from south to north), while the soil in the upper base of the ridge is further loosened by 1/2 ... 1/3 of the height of the ridge with the simultaneous destruction of lumps and compaction of the loosened soil layer in the vertical direction, and the lateral sides of the soil ridge are compacted in the horizontal direction parallel to the surface of the row spacings and at the same time destroy the lumps of soil in the direction perpendicular to the lateral sides of the ridge.

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