RU2752977C1 - Method for ridge planting of row crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, particularly, to methods for planting row crops. The method for ridge planting of row crops includes continuously tilling, destructing weeds, sowing the seeds on a hard bed in a wet horizon and covering the seeds with a ridge with a height of 6.5 ... 12.5 cm formed from heated soil, shifted from the surface of the row spacings. The soil in the upper part of the ridge along the vertical axis of symmetry is compacted "top to bottom" and at the same time, the soil is shifted towards the line of the location of the sown seeds and to the sides from the vertical axis of symmetry of the soil ridge until a V-shaped channel formed in the central part of the ridge. The sides of the soil ridge are compacted in the horizontal direction parallel to the surface of the row spacings until an M-shaped transverse profile is formed and at the same time, soil lumps are destroyed in the direction perpendicular to the sides of the ridge. Sowing with the formation of M-shaped soil ridges is executed in the direction from north to south or from south to north.

EFFECT: invention allows obtaining even sprouting of row crops and increasing yield thereof.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods of sowing row crops.

The known method of sowing ridge row crops [Method of sowing row crops. Patent RU No. 2265305. Publ. 10.12.2005, Bul. No. 34], including continuous loosening, destruction of weeds, sowing seeds on a hard bed in a wet horizon to a depth of 1.5 ... 2 cm and covering the seeds with a ridge 6.5 ... 12.5 cm high, formed from heated soil, shifted from the surface of the rows ... The central part of the ridge along the axis of its symmetry is compacted to a depth of 0.5 ... 2.5 cm, depending on the state of the soil, and from the compacted part of the ridge to its edges perpendicular to the axis of symmetry at certain intervals, channels with a depth of 0.5 ... 2.5 cm.

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of the formation of soil ridges and sowing, as well as low productivity of cultivated crops due to slow and non-simultaneous germination of seeds, for which favorable temperature, water and air conditions are not created during sowing.

The technical result is an increase in the yield of row crops by creating favorable temperature, water and air conditions for fast and friendly germination of seeds.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the soil in the upper part of the ridge along the vertical axis of symmetry is compacted "from top to bottom" and at the same time the soil is displaced towards the line of location of the sown seeds and to the sides from the vertical axis of symmetry of the ridge of the soil until a V-shaped ridge appears in the central part of the ridge. channel. The sides of the soil ridge are compacted horizontally parallel to the surface of the row spacings until the formation of an M-shaped transverse profile and at the same time destroy soil lumps in a direction perpendicular to the sides of the ridge, and sowing with the formation of M-shaped soil ridges is carried out in the direction from north to south (from the south to the north).

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the arrangement of the working bodies of the seeding unit, top view; figure 2 is a diagram of the arrangement of the working bodies of the seeding unit, side view; figure 3 is a diagram of the compaction of the soil ridge with a roller-bed former and the destruction of soil lumps.

The method of ridge sowing of row crops is carried out as follows.

Pre-set the direction of movement of the seeding unit from north to south (from south to north), depending on the location of the site.

When the sowing unit moves, the coulters 1 and 2 with flat discs 3, installed with an overlap of 5 ... 8 cm, loosen the soil and prune weeds. In this case, the paws-openers 1 remove the upper dried layer of soil 2 ... 3 cm thick, move it in the aisle and form a wet bed for placing seeds in it. The soil in the rows is compacted with skid-type compactors 4 installed in the sub-plow space of the openers 1. Then the seeds are placed on a wet and compacted bed. Paws 2 walking behind with flat discs 3 sprinkle the seeds with a loose and heated layer of soil, shifted from the row spacings, and form a ridge of soil 6.5 ... 12.5 cm high above the sowing line, respectively, from north to south (from south to north). The ridge-forming roller 5 rotating behind the tines 2 acts on the formed ridge of soil from three sides. The soil in the upper part of the ridge along the vertical axis of symmetry is compacted "from top to bottom" with a conical roller 6 and at the same time the soil is shifted towards the line of the sown seeds and to the sides from the vertical axis of symmetry of the soil ridge until a V-shaped channel appears in the central part of the ridge. The sides of the soil ridge are compacted in the horizontal direction parallel to the surface of the row-spacing with spherical discs 7 installed with convex sides to the sides of the soil ridge until the formation of an M-shaped transverse profile and at the same time destroy soil lumps in a direction perpendicular to the side sides of the ridge with rippers 8 installed around the circumference on the convex the sides of the spherical disks 7, and sowing with the formation of M-shaped soil ridges is carried out in the direction from north to south (from south to north).

Sprinkling the sown seeds with a soil ridge with a height of 6.5 ... 12.5 cm from the heated loosened soil, shifted from the row spacings, makes it possible to compensate for the decrease in the depth of seeding from the soil surface level, and the formation of the soil ridge allows creating a favorable temperature regime for the seeds, since the soil ridge warms up faster than a flat field surface.

Compaction of the soil in the upper part of the ridge along the vertical axis of symmetry "from top to bottom" and the simultaneous displacement of the soil towards the line of the sown seeds and to the sides from the vertical axis of symmetry of the ridge of the soil until a V-shaped channel appears in the central part of the ridge, allows atmospheric precipitation to accumulate in the V-shaped channel of the ridge and maximally penetrate from the ridge of the soil towards the line of the sown seeds.

Simultaneous soil compaction "from top to bottom" with a conical roller 6 and in the horizontal direction with spherical discs 7 - parallel to the surface of the row spacing until the formation of an M-shaped transverse profile, allows you to create the best contact of the sown seeds with the moist soil located above the seeds, as well as to draw moisture from the lower layers of soil to the upper layers - to the seedbed.

The destruction of soil lumps by rippers 8, perpendicular to the sides of the ridge, allows, without violating the integrity of the original profile of the ridge of the soil, to create a mulched soil layer that prevents the evaporation of soil moisture from the seed zone.

The formation of soil ridges above the sown seeds from north to south (from south to north) ensures the warming of the soil ridge throughout the day: in the morning the eastern slope of the ridge warms up, at noon - the top of the ridge, and in the afternoon - the western slope of the soil ridge ...

Simultaneous pre-sowing loosening of the soil with ridge sowing, as well as loosening the soil in the ridge with the destruction of soil lumps without interrupting operations in time, allows you to maximally preserve soil moisture when performing a given technological operation, as well as create temperature, water and air conditions for germination and further growth and the development of cultivated plants.

Claims (1)

The method of ridge sowing of row crops, characterized by the fact that they carry out continuous loosening, destruction of weeds, sowing seeds on a hard bed in a moist horizon and closing the seeds with a ridge 6.5 ... 12.5 cm high, formed from heated soil, shifted from the surface of the rows, In this case, the soil in the upper part of the formed ridge along the vertical axis of symmetry is compacted "from top to bottom" and at the same time the soil is displaced towards the line of the sown seeds and to the lateral sides from the vertical axis of symmetry of the soil ridge until a V-shaped channel appears in the central part of the ridge, the lateral sides the soil ridge is compacted in a horizontal direction parallel to the surface of the row spacings until an M-shaped transverse profile is formed and at the same time soil clods are destroyed in a direction perpendicular to the sides of the ridge, and sowing with the formation of M-shaped soil ridges is carried out in the direction from north to south or from south to north ...

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