RU2479972C2 - Method of complex soil treatment on slope lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture. The method includes complex soil treatment on slope lands, compacting, sowing seeds, and fertiliser application. And the lands are subjected to complex treatment across the slope, which is carried out simultaneously by a number of agricultural practices: stone removal and formation of protective terraces of them on the sides of the lands with subsequent rolling down of the soil upper layer and sowing seeds with fertiliser application. And each device is made with the ability to control the depth of sowing seeds.

EFFECT: method enables to reduce erosion process on slope lands and to create favorable conditions for crop growing.

1 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used for tillage when cultivating crops on sloping lands.

There is a method in which mineral and organic fertilizers are added to the subsurface layer using straw, manure, taror and sludge (patent No. 20044091, A01B 13/16, 1993).

However, to implement the known method, a significant amount of organic material is required, which can be washed off when water erosion occurs. Especially ineffective is the method on sloping stony soils in mountain and foothill conditions.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method in which water-absorbing screens are created at a pebble depth. As a screen, zeolite-containing clays of local origin (irlits) are used in an amount of 25-35 t / ha, introduced in 2 directions diagonally in a mixture with straw and manure, followed by grass sowing.

The disadvantages of the prototype method are multiple sequential treatments with various units: the application of organic fertilizers, fertilizing up to the depth of the pebble, cultivating the plot with a cultivator diagonally, sowing grass with a seeder. In addition, the location of stones on the surface of the earth and in the soil complicates the processing of the site.

All this significantly increases costs, reduces the effectiveness of this method.

A device is known that performs simultaneously a series of operations with one combined unit (patent No. 2285375, published October 20, 2006, IPC A01B 79/00, A01B 35/00).

However, the known device is not suitable for operation on sloping lands in the presence of a significant number of stones on the surface of the arable land, since the support wheel changes in the vertical plane of the moving unit.

The closest technical solution is a combined tillage tool containing cutting tools, rollers, sowing and leveling devices (patent No. 2370934, published October 27, 2009, IPC A01B 79/00, A01B 49/02).

The disadvantage of the prototype device is the presence of multifunctional rollers, which are not effective on sloping stony light soils, since they do not compact the top layer together with the stones, which complicates further processing and sowing, and also after sowing, uncleaned stones do not allow to process plots efficiently (because of them equipment breaks, etc.).

The technical result is a simplification of the method, reducing costs and erosion processes on sloping lands, clearing the field of stones and creating favorable conditions for cultivating crops.

The technical solution of the claimed object is achieved by the fact that the slope lands are subjected to complex processing, simultaneously cleaning stones and forming protective terraces from them on the sides of the unit across the slope, followed by rolling the top layer and sowing with fertilizers, and each individual unit is equipped with depth-adjustable working bodies .

In the stone-harvesting unit there are straight and sickle-shaped teeth that are adjustable before starting work to a depth of 10 cm using the support wheels and copy the surface of the treated area.

The seeder aggregated in the complex is equipped with keeled openers pivotally attached to the rear row of disk openers, which are 6-8 cm deep under the influence of springs, and light keeled openers close the grass seeds to a depth of 2-3 cm. With a deeper seed placement, weights are suspended from the openers .

The method is as follows.

On sloping lands with a slope of 3-7 °, soil preparation is carried out with simultaneous sowing.

Figure 1 shows the integrated unit. The unit consists of a tractor - 1, a stone-picking machine - 2, a ring-spur skating rink - 3 and a seeder - 4. The complex units include: a unit for cleaning stones, presowing soil treatment, sowing with fertilizers. All aggregated mechanisms consist of the following units, links and parts: adjustable wheels - 5, straight teeth - 6 and sickle teeth - 7, conveyors - 2, seeders, which include positions 8-21, where disk coulters - 8, seed tubes - 9 and 20, sowing machines - 10 and 19, three-bladed superchargers - 11 and 18, two-bladed agitators - 12 and 15, grain compartment - 13, fertilizer compartment - 14, trays - 16, seed box - 17, spiral-tape seed tubes - 20, keeled openers - 21, vibrator - 22, unloading conveyor - 23, the body of a nearby vehicle.

The operation of the combined unit is as follows. Before starting work, it is necessary to set the depth of straight teeth - 6 and sickle teeth - 7 using adjustable wheels - 5 stone harvesting machines - 2. The depth of the depth depends on the soil characteristics (for light soils 10 cm) and the size of the seeds.

In the grain compartment of the seeder - 13 (SZT-3.6A) in the box above the reel apparatus, three-bladed superchargers - 11 and two-bladed agitators - 12 rotate, destroying the arches when sowing loose grass seeds. Small loose seeds of legumes, amaranth, etc. are sown from a box - 17, equipped with special (reduced compared to conventional) coil machines - 19. The grass box is equipped with superchargers - 18, so the machines - 19 can also sow medium seeds of cereal grasses , fescue, ryegrass, bonfire). Seeds and fertilizer through the seed tubes - 9 are sent to the disk coulters - 8. Fertilizers through the trays - 16 enter the seed tubes - 9. Grass seeds along the spiral-tape wires - 20 enter the keeled openers - 21. The vibrator - 22 cleans the stones of the soil and pours out in the unloading conveyor - 23, which unloads them into the body - 24 next to the conveyor (not shown).

Disc coulters are arranged in two rows with row spacings of 15 cm. Leads of keeled coulters, forming grooves between rows rows sowed by disc coulters, are pivotally attached to the bodies of openers of the rear row. Disc coulters are 6-8 cm deep under the influence of springs, and light keeled coulters close grass seeds to a depth of 2-Zcm. The depth of the keel-shaped coulters can be increased by hanging loads on them. The coulters are raised and lowered using a seeder hydraulic cylinder.

Example: A complex unit consisting of a stone harvesting machine, ring-spur roller and seeder transported by a tractor. On slope lands, performing work across a section of light soils, a stone-harvesting machine cleans the strip of stones, immerses them in the body of a nearby vehicle (not shown), which takes them to the slope side of the site and dumps them on this side line of the site, forming terraces across the slope, which is a protection for flushing the upper horizon (water and wind erosion). Before starting the operation of the unit, the fasteners installed on the continuation of the frame of the stone harvesting machine, ring-spur roller and seeder, aggregated together, were checked. We used the SZT-3.6A grain-grass seeder. When sowing seeds of grain crops, tedders and blowers were turned off to avoid damage to the seeds and breakage of the sowing apparatus.

The work of such a complex unit provides a significant reduction in erosion and soil compaction, the cost of implementing simultaneous agricultural practices, metal consumption, consumption of fuels and lubricants, and increased labor productivity.

Claims (1)

A method of complex tillage on sloping lands, including tillage by rolling soil, sowing seeds and fertilizing, characterized in that the plots are subjected to complex processing across the slope, carried out simultaneously by a number of agricultural methods: stone cleaning and the formation of protective terraces on the sides of the plots, followed by rolling the top layer and sowing with fertilizer, and each unit is made with the ability to control the depth of sowing of seeds.

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