CN104604397A - Novel potato laminating seeder and novel seed picking spoon and novel dual-purpose laminating seeder for potato and corn - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel potato laminating seeder and a novel seed picking spoon and a novel dual-purpose laminating seeder for potato and corn, which belongs to the agricultural machine field, and solve the problems that the current seed picking spoon having sprout tubers of the potato seeder can not complete and automatic sow sowing programs of the seeder is tedious, labour consuming is generated, cost for multitime work is high, sowing drought resistance capability is poor, sowing can not be timely carried out, membrane bed temperature is low and output is low, and corn can be sown by dual purposes of a novel dual-purpose laminating seeder, labour consuming is saved, drought resistance is realized, and high-yield is generated. A scheme for solving the problem that space for accommodating superfluous sprout tubers between a chain or a belt and the seed picking spoon can be eliminated; sowing is carried out at the edge of the membrane bed or near edge of the membrane bed; one-time soil dressing problem can be solved by using a large soil dressing apparatus; and a seed disc for corn sowing at edge of the membrane is arranged for realizing sowing potato and corn. The novel dual-purpose laminating seeder for potato and corn is used for sowing potato and corn by covering with mulch films.

Description

Brand-new Film mulch sower and novelly get kind of spoon and brand-new potato, the dual-purpose tectorial seeder of corn

Technical field: the invention belongs to agricultural mechanical field.

Background technology: potato is worldwide a kind of main crops.Existing Sowing machine for potatoes great majority are all adopt chain or belt to carry to get kind of spoon from kind of block case, automatically to take sprout tuber by mechanical movement out of to be sowed in ridge, existing kind of spoon of getting has in quite a few spoon when getting band sprout tuber and is not a sprout tuber but a pile reaches three, four, this just wastes many seeds, potato fritter rate High quality also can be caused poor if let alone growth.In order to eliminate the phenomenon of one spoonful of multiple sprout tuber of band, have to arrange the random employment of people to detect unnecessary sprout tuber by hand at seeding time.

Realize one spoonful one piece real automatic sowing people design a lot of ways to solve one spoonful of polylith problem, Chinese patent CN201418261Y discloses one " potato gets kind of a spoon ", and it manufactures three projections and three breach in large getting on kind of spoon, this kind of spoon of getting of result is only the reduction of a part one spoonful of polylith and the phenomenon without block, substantially the problem of one spoonful of polylith can not be solved, because result of use is bad, be not widely applied; Chinese patent CN201131146Y discloses one " potato seeder seeding device ", and it is getting an affixed handle lengthened on kind of spoon, add a vibrating device in addition to shake getting kind block unnecessary in kind of spoon by vibration, but find during actual use still to realize the phenomenon substantially eliminating multiple sprout tuber, cause the empty spoon without sprout tuber to increase on the contrary; Other also have the common Patent design got kind of spoon and add vibrating device of many employings, actual effect only decreases a part of polygerm block and the phenomenon without sprout tuber, and vibrating device often there is problem can not reliably working.These designs all can not reach basic and eliminate one spoonful of polylith and the phenomenon without sprout tuber, still need artificial assistance to take off unnecessary sprout tuber.

The Sowing machine for potatoes generally used now is all the mechanism adopting chain _ spoon or belt _ bale-out-band to plant, they all need human assistance to take down sprout tuber unnecessary in spoon and supply the empty spoon without sprout tuber, and the use of these machineries just alleviates a part of amount of labour not to be had completely or substantially solves the problem being replaced artificial fabric by machinery.

Therefore, sprout tuber is directly thrown in artificial " seed wheel " the inside toward arranging by the mechanism that " Novel potato corn planter " that Chinese patent CN201210798Y announces just simply eliminates this part chain _ spoon and belt _ spoon, although this workload having increased the weight of the personnel that charge seed also basic guarantee one, one cave sprout tuber and very low empty bud rate, and the advantage having mechanism simply with low cost, therefore this sower is replacing the Sowing machine for potatoes of original chain-spoon and belt-bale-out kind.

Mulching planting potato and corn have the effect of precocity, drought resisting, high yield.It is all sow two row between the mesophase spherule distance 24 centimetres to 40 centimetres of mulch film bed that the sower of existing mulching planting potato and corn comprises aforementioned " Novel potato corn planter ", flattens mulch film bedside in the mould of film bed Shangdi after sowing potato seed, in order to prevent wind scrape also will on film bed every one section again with manually pressing a mound, at this moment whole mulch film bed is incomplete blinding, whole film bed surface substantially all receives solar radiation so ground temperature rise is very fast, and after waiting tens days, potato must earth up (upper soil) if ridging will burn bud seedling to death when emerging not in time with artificial or machinery before emerging on film bed, also to stamp weed killer herbicide, to prevent weed growth with artificial or machinery after ridging at once, the potato completing a sowing plastic mulching so just needs tractor three subjob, first time operation tractor drives sower to have two people to assist to sow seed, to fertilize simultaneously, skinning bed, arrange film bed, spray herbicide, plastic film mulch, press mold limit, firming (at least using a people) totally 8 procedures, second time operation is carried out again after tens days, this subjob mainly utilizes tractor and manually earths up (above soil) and arrangement film bed (needing two personal works) 2 procedures to film bed, then carry out third time operation more at once, be specifically 2 procedures namely utilize tractor draw water then artificial on film bed (needing two people) spray weed killer herbicide, this just calculates and completes season sowing front and back totally 12 procedures.Complete these craft that need last a wheat harvesting period and many person-times and at least three tractor work.

This seeding method just can only carry out when soil moisture is enough to emerge, if soil moisture just can only wait lower sowing after rain not during sowing.If not waiting rains just sow overlay film on time, intercepted entering of rainwater because film bed in plastic mulching, the rainwater afterwards just can not enter sprout tuber place in film bed and work and also just can not emerge.So this seeding method can not sow when soil moisture is inadequate lower sowing after rain or first sowing etc. can only be waited to rain after overlay film again, not only this bothers but also takes a lot of work and causes delaying farming season and affect the output of potato.At film bed medium sowing, because the film bed two concentrating humidity high apart from rainwater is vegetatively outlying, cause humidity and the natural precipitation that can not utilize film bed both sides in time, fully, especially a small amount of rainfall, drought-resistant ability difference affects the growth of potato, also cause, to the time of solar radiant energy utilization is very short, ground temperature is low, output is also lower, not giving full play to plastic mulching and improving the effect that ground temperature increases potato yield because just ridging in after planting tens days (upper soil) completely covers film bed.

Present mulching planting corn seeding mode has two kinds: one is that tractor or animal power drive sower on film bed, open two ditches to sow in ditch and then apply fertilizer, suppression, plastic film mulch, firming, Deng tens days maize seedlings out after rice shoot top to artificial seedling setting again during mulch film, pressure seedling, put seedling, pressure seedling is taken a lot of work and is put seedling and will burn rice shoot to death not in time very much, can't sow when soil moisture content is bad, because after planting can not emerge, even if broadcast rear raining because there is the obstruct of covering with plastic film to infiltrate in ridge to work, so this seeding method is suitable only for the good situation of soil moisture content in spring, another kind is exactly sower dazzling sowing on film bed that tractor drives with inclination pressing wheel seed pan, substantially there is no the problem of artificial seedling setting by the impact of soil moisture content during the sowing of this seeding method, most of film bed surface is caused absorbing solar energy less by firming covering, ground temperature is low, and poor growth event output is lower.In order to overcome the drawback of these two kinds of corn drills and seeding method, " film-edged seeder " of applicant devises application number to be 200510105569.5 publication numbers the be main seeding corn of CN1939111N really achieves saving of labor with this sower and seeding method seeding corn, drought resisting, high yield.

Summary of the invention: in order to overcome the defect of above potato sowing machinery, realize complete automatic sowing, alleviate manual assistance to sow and earthed up afterwards, beat the heavy labor that weed killer herbicide needs the handwork of three tractor work and many person-times, the present invention devises that the one of Sowing machine for potatoes is novel gets kind of a spoon, and install and thisly get driving by tractor of kind of spoon, one-stop operation just can complete 12 procedures that original three subjobs just can complete, greatly reduce the drought resisting of operations number and labor workload, precocious, the brand-new Film mulch sower of high yield and brand-new potato, the dual-purpose tectorial seeder of corn.

(1) Novel potato gets kind of a spoon

Facts have proved that the mechanism of getting band potato seed pieces by the mechanical movement of chain-spoon and belt-spoon is now the most simple design that can realize potato automatic sowing at present, but having quite a few to get in actual motion, kind of bale-out goes out is not one but a pile three, four sprout tubers, and this just must with manually detecting unnecessary sprout tuber.Find so occur that the phenomenon of quite a few one spoonful of polygerm block is because get not science that kind of spoon manufactures and designs, unreasonable through repeated multiple times observation analysis and experiment.Except the shape of spoon own and specification have problem, most importantly get to leave between kind of spoon and chain or belt and hold space that polygerm block relies on and spoon itself leaves the space holding unnecessary sprout tuber.Kind of a spoon is got in redesign, cancelling more than one sprout tuber relies on the space existed to make it can only hold a sprout tuber, once just can only solve the problem of one spoonful of polylith in each spoon with a sprout tuber, just can cancel the program that artificial assistance takes off unnecessary sprout tuber and realize real automatic sowing.

Chain and spoon and have between belt and spoon one segment distance formed space, this less space with get kind of spoon and be connected and just form a larger space that can hold several sprout tuber and rely on, when being got kind of spoon and taking out of from kind of block case, to potato sprout tuber some only have one piece of sprout tuber in a spoon, another part again in the space that this is larger more holds several sprout tuber, mutual support is not fallen to form a pile, and what be brought to that transport tube goes like this just has quite a few to be two or three, four sprout tubers.

What redesign gets the shallow bowl-type spoon body that kind of spoon is generally internal diameter 40 millimeter, bottom is generally flat, still the spoon hole of a suitable size can be retained in the middle of bottom, the degree of depth of spoon is generally in 8-9 millimeter, and such size and the degree of depth make it generally can only hold a sprout tuber and sprout tuber unlikelyly again to be dropped in spoon runs; At chain or increase occupy-place entity between belt and spoon or eliminate spoon and to eliminate to the distance of chain or belt and there is unnecessary sprout tuber and rely on the space of existence just substantially can solve the problem that a spoonful is carried polygerm block, realize one spoonful and only carry a sprout tuber.

Its beneficial effect produced is: this getting on Sowing machine for potatoes that kind of spoon is arranged on any chain-spoon or belt-spoon structure just can solve the labor that one spoonful is carried the problem release artificial assistance sowing of polygerm block substantially, really achieve automatic sowing and also simplify mechanism without the need to arranging vibrating device, improve reliability.

Accompanying drawing 1 is this novel schematic views of getting kind of spoon that straight wing chain carries, and it illustrates this structure of newly getting kind of spoon

Explanation to accompanying drawing 1: figure A is front view, 1 spoonful of body in figure, 2 occupy-place entities, 3 screw perforations, 4 spoon ennations, 5 spoons; Figure B is vertical view, 6 spoonfuls of holes in figure, 7 spoonfuls of limits.Figure C is left view

Embodiment: brief description is done to this embodiment getting kind of spoon below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1

Accompanying drawing 1 is that straight wing chain gets kind of a spoon to a kind of being arranged on, and in figure, 1 is shallow bowl-type spoon body, and the end is flat, and there is a circular spoonful hole 6 centre, can find out that it has certain thickness this is because the material selected should be generally engineering plastics from spoon limit 7; It is combined by screw and chain by spoon 5 and screw perforation 3; 2 is occupy-place entities, be exactly spoon dotted line with upper part, original kind of a spoon of getting does not have this part, or only have very little a bit, this provides just to unnecessary sprout tuber and supports and rely on the space existed; What sufficiently large and the enough high if chain of this occupy-place entity carried can widen, if belt carry just should be equally wide with belt and radian with spoon corresponding part inner edge is identical, be highly advisable to be no less than 4 centimetres.So just make in spoonful body, to hold a sprout tuber, unnecessary sprout tuber just without exist space, so each spoon once can only carry a sprout tuber.。

Accompanying drawing does not represent be arranged on and belt gets kind of a spoon.It is this that to get kind of the spoon of getting that kind of spoon and chain carry be identical principle.

In fact also substantially can reach by eliminating chain the object eliminating unnecessary sprout tuber Existential Space to the spacing of getting between kind of spoon.This kind of a spoon of getting is had to make present widely used chain-spoon or belt-spoon formula Sowing machine for potatoes can change this kind of a spoon of getting easily to realize prosthetic and assist automatic sowing.

(2) brand-new Film mulch sower

Chain-spoon or belt-spoon structure Film mulch sower on install and thisly get kind of a spoon without what can hold more than one piece space; Utilize during sowing two furrow ploughs arranging film bed both sides (at this moment ditching share is also making ridge ploughshare) or near mulch film bed both sides at a distance of the position trench digging of 60 centimetres when 80-90 centimetre of fabric width mulch film (general use be suitable for) left and right sow two row seeds instead of as present Film mulch sower be at film bed mesophase spherule apart from 24---two row seeds are sowed in the position in 40 cm range.Because soil can be trained at once at film bedside or nearly film bedside sowing, on film bed, the film bed of 40 cm width is also left without blinding after ridging, this just makes the film bench grafting having 40 cm whole breeding time receive solar energy, all receive solar radiation unlike original seeding method emerging cephacoria bed do not earth up, but all must train soil when being about to emerge otherwise bud seedling will be burnt to death.This just only has short tens days film beds not earth up all to receive solar energy, and just can receive solar energy after ridging, therefore temperature low bud seedling poor growth output is also lower not at all.Just not be used in because the film bed stayed above after earthing up is narrow and press a mound every one section above film bed and scratch mulch film to prevent wind, which saves more than one hand labor; Execute upper disposable chemical fertilizer by fertilizing mechanism comprise seed manure and topdress; Put film bed in order by flattening mechanism of getting up again, weed killer herbicide stamped by film bed; Film-laying-out mechanism spreads mulch film, cover in the disposable ridging in film limit the position that film bed both sides or nearly film bed both sides bud seedling grow by the banker (ridging ploughshare or big disk banker or rotary tilling-type power banker) that is arranged on one on one side after pushing down mulch film by pressing wheel, retain the position that sprayer of firming finally again by arranging reveals soil between two film beds of 40 cm width on film and stamp weed killer herbicide.This completes plastic mulching sowing also complete ridging simultaneously and play weed killer herbicide work, originally like this, sower, ridging (upper soil) machine and sprayer must be driven to carry out three subjobs respectively by tractor many person-times of work of assisting also will to be leaned on just once to complete also not employment assistance, considerably reduce production cost.

Large banker (ploughshare, disc hiller or rotary tilling-type power banker) is connected on one with sower shelf, to be axle set a roof beam in place; This is set a roof beam in place and is not fixing between sower shelf, and front end arranges turning cylinder rear portion and arranges stage clip realization activity and regulate the depth.This is done to adapt to mountain region rough terrain, broadcast leakage when preventing ditch, if all level land sowing set a roof beam in place just need not be arranged to movable just passable with shelf one.Arrange to dispose mulch film when an individual seat is fed to the edge of a field and monitor in seeding process on set a roof beam in place and check that the personnel of sowing situation take.Because substantially do not needed artificial assistance to take off unnecessary kind of block, but have indivedual empty spoon phenomenon to exist, this monitors that procurator can fill also can not mend at any time does not affect output because being short of seedling extremely individually; This just once complete automatic sowing, to fertilize, get up, whole bed, plastic film mulch, the work of playing weed killer herbicide (beating respectively under film He on film) and earthing up, also save the operations such as soil pressing on membrane, therefore also referred to as " accomplish without any letup, drought resisting, high yield potato automatic film covering sower.

The beneficial effect that brand-new Film mulch sower produces is: really achieve automatic sowing; Once complete original seeding method at least three tractor work totally 12 procedures simultaneously, greatly save the workload of manpower and machinery; Reduce production cost.When can not consider sowing on film limit or the sowing of nearly film limit, soil tilth sowing in time, generally can ensure to emerge, special drought resisting, saving of labor, not farming season by mistake; Improve and the Utilization ability of solar radiation energy is improved to ground temperature, increases substantially output.

Accompanying drawing 2 just shows the structure of this Film mulch sower

Explanation to accompanying drawing 2: 1 chemical fertilizer case, 2 seed sprout tuber casees, 3 with novel Qu Zhong mechanism of getting kind of spoon, 4,5 great circle dish type bankers or ridging ploughshare etc., 6 individual seats, 7 turning cylinders, 8 furrow ploughs, 9 compression spring mechanisms, 10 sowing ploughshares, shelf after 11.

Embodiment: do brief description below in conjunction with the embodiment of accompanying drawing 2 to this sower

The ditching share 8 (one side one does not all draw here) on this sower two sides be arranged on film bed both sides or nearly film bed both sides position (80-90 centimetre broadly film is general at a distance of at 60 cm) instead of be arranged on as present Film mulch sower mesophase spherule apart from 24-to 40 centimetres between position, this is the basic prerequisite realizing this sower function.

Because evaporation film bedside or nearly film bedside are position that in film bed, moisture is concentrated and lower some rainwater are concentrated all very soon and penetrated into here, after planting generally can ensure to emerge on the one hand, the long-term moisture in this position is maximum on the other hand, the availability of crop to water is the highest, growing environment is best, and this is for vast arid and to compare arid area meaning particularly great.Only just while sowing, also can complete ridging in the sowing of this position, film bed all will be covered if also complete ridging in original position sowing in 24-40 cm range simultaneously, just there is no drought resisting and improve the effect of ground temperature kipeming high yield.In film bed both sides or the sowing of nearly film bed both sides, the upper soil pressure of training at once grows on film limit and nearly film limit bud seedling the problem burning bud seedling time not emerging in position to death, and leave the film bed not blinding of 40 cm width, this part film bed is all receiving solar radiant energy whole breeding time, ground temperature can be improved, increase yield.Disposablely complete sowing and ridging and also could complete simultaneously and play the work of weed killer herbicide, must carry out immediately after ridging because play weed killer herbicide.Simultaneously owing to having trained upper a large amount of soil in both sides, film bed just is not needed to eliminate at soil pressing on membrane the operation of firming and manual sorting film bed yet by the danger that strong wind scratches.

By mechanism 1,2,3 and 8 realize sowing and are connected rear shelf 9 by the turning cylinder 7 being arranged on rear portion of setting a roof beam in place again afterwards to fertilize, rear shelf 9 arranges banker (disk, ploughshare etc.) 4 and 5 (one on one side, both sides) carry out press mold limit and earth up (also separately can establish the press mold covering device that little above) simultaneously, the sandwich by arranging after ridging strikes off humidifier that ridging arranged by machine again and sprays weed killer herbicide and complete these multinomial work with regard to " accomplishing without any letup ".

Other part accompanying drawings do not draw.

(3) brand-new potato, the dual-purpose tectorial seeder of corn

Aforementioned Film mulch sower and corn film coating seeding machine major part mechanism are all identical, so be equipped with the work that suitable mechanism once can also complete automatic sowing corn on Sowing machine for potatoes again, this has just made potato, the dual-purpose tectorial seeder of corn.But this seeding method and mechanism are with original also different, and it is the sowing of film limit.Its seed pan is a kind of seed pan of new construction, is the concordant with the side of dish of a ring-type with original seed pan unlike its pressing wheel, instead of picture original tilt inclined-plane, just can not realize film limit as used the seed pan with inclined-plane pressing wheel and sow.

Not blinding above the seeding method film bed of this film limit, accept solar radiation area large, thus ground temperature is high, corn growth is at film bedside, here be the position that rainwater is concentrated, also be the position that under film bed, steam is concentrated, generally can ensure to emerge, film limit sowing bud seedling oneself top soil is emerged and is not needed artificial seedling setting.If the mechanism not arranging sowing potato also can use as corn drill separately.

Its beneficial effect is: saving of labor, drought resisting, high yield, dual-use reduce costs.

Embodiment: install a seed pan with the ring-type pressing wheel concordant with side on the appropriate location at aforementioned Film mulch sower shelf rear portion, the ditching share be arranged on above moves to position, film bed both sides and fixes, it namely as ditching share also as the ploughshare of making ridge of turning down the bed.Still utilize the chemical fertilizer system of broadcasting of Sowing machine for potatoes to broadcast chemical fertilizer, but the ploughshare broadcasting chemical fertilizer suitably should be changed a upper/lower positions or little ploughshare is set above.Seed pan is below because will the side of occupation of land, and seed pan is installed by the spatial placement mechanism leaving seed pan when manufacturing Sowing machine for potatoes, installs this seed pan just can sow corn seed when seeding corn.

If also will arrange suppression mechanism according to common mode sowing, but because the sowing of film limit has the effect of saving of labor, drought resisting, high yield, so generally do not adopt common seeding method, this is also preferred embodiment.Can understand because other mechanism is substantially identical with Film mulch sower separately need not draw accompanying drawing again see accompanying drawing 2.

Claims (1)

1. brand-new Film mulch sower and novelly get kind of spoon and brand-new potato, the dual-purpose tectorial seeder of corn.

(1) the novel of Sowing machine for potatoes gets kind of a spoon, is made up of the spoon of the round-meshed tubaeform spoon body of bottom belt, connection chain or belt.It is characterized in that: spoon body is the with or without suitably flat shallow bowl-type of large small sircle hole or the identical similar shape of function, specification general internal diameter 40 millimeter, degree of depth 8-9 millimeter is just to hold one piece of common sprout tuber and to make its unlikely dropping that be in operation be advisable, at the occupy-place entity by increasing enough areas and height between the spoon of chain or belt side and spoon body or cancel chain or belt and eliminate more than one sprout tuber to the spacing on spoon arc limit and exist and the space of support, its occupy-place entity width of the spoon that belt carries should be the same with belt width, highly all can not be less than 40 millimeters, belt connects the occupy-place entity that also will manufacture enough height and area while cancelling spacing getting kind of spoon.

(2) brand-new Film mulch sower, by broadcasting chemical fertilizer mechanism, ditching share, chain-spoon or belt-spoon feed mechanism, making ridge, Zheng Chuan mechanism, chemical spraying mechanism before overlay film, film-covering mechanism, firming ploughshare or the composition such as disc covering device and posterior seat, it is characterized in that: get kind of spoon be aforementioned (1) get kind of a spoon, water furrow planting ploughshare is arranged on both sides at a distance of 60 cm, sow on film bed both sides or nearly film bed both sides, the mechanism of the rear spraying herbicide of ridging is set, rear portion arranges the large ploughshare or big disk or rotary tilling-type banker sowing and once can complete ridging simultaneously, can also sandwich be set, frame rear portion is provided with an individual seat.

(3) brand-new potato, the dual-purpose tectorial seeder of corn is characterized in that: except the feature possessing aforementioned Film mulch sower is also provided with a seed pan adapted in the sowing of film limit, this seed pan is provided with an annular pressing wheel straight with its side, and it just becomes single corn drill to remove potato sowing mechanism.